Borrow with Sorrow? The Changing Risk Profile of Sub-Saharan Africa's Debt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Calderon ◽  
Albert G. Zeufack
Keyword(s):  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Vulnerable groups at increased risk of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of the HIV population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

More recently, the COVID-19 infection is advancing fast towards different settings. Regions with a high burden of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, and dengue including Latin America and Africa are experiencing an increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths. Since the age structure and the distribution of relevant co-morbidities varies substantially by country, the risk profile for COVID-19 could be very different in countries with high prevalence of individuals living with HIV.

scholarly journals Vulnerable groups at increased risk of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of the HIV population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

More recently, COVID-19 infection is advancing fast towards different settings. Regions with a high burden of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, and dengue including Latin America and Africa are experiencing an increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths. Since the age structure and the distribution of relevant co-morbidities varies substantially by country, the risk profile for COVID-19 could be very different in countries with high prevalence of individuals living with HIV.

scholarly journals Toward Identification of the Genetic Risk Profile for Cryptococcal Disease in HIV-Infected Patients

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai G. Netea
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTCryptococcusspp. are important fungal pathogens that represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. Although cryptococcal disease is one of the major causes of death in HIV-infected patients, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, not all patients at risk with low CD4 counts develop the disease. It has been thus hypothesized that host genetic variation may represent an important susceptibility risk factor for this infection. In their recent study inmBio, Rohatgi et al. [S. Rohatgi et al., mBio 4(5):e00573-13, 2013, doi:10.1128/mBio.00573-13] present an important piece of evidence to support this hypothesis, by demonstrating that theFCGR3A158 F/V polymorphism has an important impact on susceptibility to cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected patients. The authors present both genetic evidence and immunological validation for the hypothesis that humoral immunity in general andFCGR3A-mediated uptake and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in particular play important roles in the pathogenesis ofCryptococcusinfection. Their discovery that the 158V allele of this polymorphism can increase the risk ofCryptococcusinfections up to 20-fold in homozygous individuals opens the possibility for risk stratification and personalized treatment of HIV-infected patients.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

Three integrated elements of empowerment: HIV prevention with sub-Saharan African adolescent females involved in transactional sex.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing ◽  
Angela D. Bryan ◽  
Tutu Alicante ◽  
P. Todd Korthuis ◽  
Karen A. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Sub Saharan
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