scholarly journals Toward Identification of the Genetic Risk Profile for Cryptococcal Disease in HIV-Infected Patients

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai G. Netea
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTCryptococcusspp. are important fungal pathogens that represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. Although cryptococcal disease is one of the major causes of death in HIV-infected patients, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, not all patients at risk with low CD4 counts develop the disease. It has been thus hypothesized that host genetic variation may represent an important susceptibility risk factor for this infection. In their recent study inmBio, Rohatgi et al. [S. Rohatgi et al., mBio 4(5):e00573-13, 2013, doi:10.1128/mBio.00573-13] present an important piece of evidence to support this hypothesis, by demonstrating that theFCGR3A158 F/V polymorphism has an important impact on susceptibility to cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected patients. The authors present both genetic evidence and immunological validation for the hypothesis that humoral immunity in general andFCGR3A-mediated uptake and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in particular play important roles in the pathogenesis ofCryptococcusinfection. Their discovery that the 158V allele of this polymorphism can increase the risk ofCryptococcusinfections up to 20-fold in homozygous individuals opens the possibility for risk stratification and personalized treatment of HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Hospital Mortality in Trauma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: The study of mortality in a community makes it possible to define the axes of disease prevention and to readjust public health policies. The achieve of our study was to assess hospital mortality in trauma patients in an orthopedic department of a teaching hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients and Method: We conducted a retrospective prognostic study evaluating hospital mortality during the period from March 1, 2013 to February 29, 2018. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: Hospital mortality rate was 1.43%. The Circumstances of death were dominated by road accidents with 48.2%. Trauma to the lower limbs, the spine and polytrauma were the most frequently observed lesions on admission of patients with 40%, 27.3% and 28.2% respectively. Neurovegetative complications (29.51 %) and cardiopulmonary arrest (18.03 %) were the main causes of death at autopsy. Results: Hospital mortality rate was 1.43%. The Circumstances of death were dominated by road accidents with 48.2%. Trauma to the lower limbs, the spine and polytrauma were the most frequently observed lesions on admission of patients with 40%, 27.3% and 28.2% respectively. Neurovegetative complications (29.51 %) and cardiopulmonary arrest (18.03 %) were the main causes of death at autopsy. Conclusion: Traffic accidents are the most common cause of death from trauma. They can be avoided or limited by a good road safety policy.

scholarly journals HPV Genotypes and Epidemiology in Women With Cervical Cancer in Senegal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
kHADIDIATOU NIANE ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane DIAGNE ◽  
Gora DIOP ◽  
Ndongo DIA ◽  
Cheikh TALLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer is increasing steadily, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are at the top of the causes of death and Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetilogical agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). MethodsThe aim of the study is to analyze the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. Main objectives of this study are to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The correlations with risk factors of cervix carcinogenesis, with risk factors, were analyze too. Cervical biopsies were performed on women hospitalized at Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods has been used to detect HPV genotypes - SANGERsequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) ([email protected]). Results It this study, patients had multiple infections (co-infections) at all, and the majority of coinfections was High-risk types (HR-HPV types). The most common type of HPV in our study were 16 (34.37%), 18 (23.29%), 45 (10.75%), 33 (9.94%), 59 (9.09%), (3.97%) and 31 (3.69%). Among co-infections detected in different regions of Senegal among women with cervical cancer, we found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence. In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was noted. ConclusionPolygamy represents a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association between HPV-High Risk co-infections and cancer stages.

scholarly journals HPV Genotypes and Epidemiology in Women With Cervical Cancer in Senegal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHADIDIATOU NIANE ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane DIAGNE ◽  
Gora DIOP ◽  
Ndongo DIA ◽  
Cheikh TALLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Cases of cervical cancer are increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are one of the top causes of death and the Human papillomavirus (HPV) is its aetiological agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). Methods The aim of the study is to analyse the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. The main objective of this study is to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The correlations with the risk factors of cervin carcinogenesis were analysed as well. Cervical biopsies were performed on the women admitted to Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods were used to detect HPV genotypes: SANGER sequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) ([email protected]). Results In this study, the sample had multiple infections (co-infections), and a majority of the coinfections were high-risk types (HR-HPV types). The most common type of HPV in our study were 16 (34.37%), 18 (23.29%), 45 (10.75%), 33 (9.94%), 59 (9.09%), (3.97%) and 31 (3.69%). Among the co-infections detected in different regions of Senegal in women with cervical cancer, we found that HPV types 16 and 18 had the highest prevalence. In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was found. Conclusion Polygamy could represent a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association was found between high-risk HPV co-infections and cancer stages. However, an increase of our cohort would be necessary to affirm these hypotheses.

scholarly journals Vulnerable groups at increased risk of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of the HIV population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

More recently, the COVID-19 infection is advancing fast towards different settings. Regions with a high burden of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, and dengue including Latin America and Africa are experiencing an increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths. Since the age structure and the distribution of relevant co-morbidities varies substantially by country, the risk profile for COVID-19 could be very different in countries with high prevalence of individuals living with HIV.

scholarly journals Potential Treatment of Breast and Lung Cancer Using Dicoma anomala, an African Medicinal Plant

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4435
Author(s):  
Alexander Chota ◽  
Blassan P. George ◽  
Heidi Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Induce Cell Death ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Acetylenic Compounds

Globally, cancer has been identified as one of the leading causes of death in public health. Its etiology is based on consistent exposure to carcinogenic. Plant-derived anticancer compounds are known to be less toxic to the normal cells and are classified into acetylenic compounds, phenolics, terpenes, and phytosterols. Dicoma anomala is a perennial herb belonging to the family Asteraceae and is widely distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa and used in the treatment of cancer, malaria, fever, diabetes, ulcers, cold, and cough. This review aimed at highlighting the benefits of D. anomala in various therapeutic applications with special reference to the treatment of cancers and the mechanisms through which the plant-derived agents induce cell death.

Estimation of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts from percent CD4 T-lymphocyte determinations in HIV-1-infected subjects in sub-Saharan Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sandström ◽  
W Urassa ◽  
M Bakari ◽  
A Swai ◽  
F Mhalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hotel Workers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Linear Regression Curve

The relationship between CD4 percent and CD4 count has been reported to be different in industrialized countries compared to sub-Saharan Africa, where often only the former is reliable. CD4 determinations from an open cohort of hotel workers in Dar es Salaam followed between 1990 and 1998 were evaluated. T-lymphocyte determinations were offered once a year to 190 HIV-1 seropositive, 80 seroconverters and 495 sex and age matched HIV-seronegative subjects. After log transformation of the CD4 percent and CD4 counts a good fit to a linear regression curve was found, R2 0.697. The CD4 percent corresponding to a CD4 count of 200 cells/mm3 was found to be 9.8%. CD4 percent determination can be useful to estimate CD4 counts, but needs to be locally standardized. The CD4 percent in Africa corresponding to AIDS defining CD4 counts seems to be lower than in the industrialized world.

scholarly journals Protocol for analysing the epidemiology of maternal mortality in Zimbabwe: A civil registration and vital statistics trend study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252106
Author(s):  
Reuben Musarandega ◽  
Rhoderick Machekano ◽  
Robert Pattinson ◽  
Stephen Peter Munjanja ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Background Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) carries the highest burden of maternal mortality, yet, the accurate maternal mortality ratios (MMR) are uncertain in most SSA countries. Measuring maternal mortality is challenging in this region, where civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems are weak or non-existent. We describe a protocol designed to explore the use of CRVS to monitor maternal mortality in Zimbabwe—an SSA country. Methods In this study, we will collect deliveries and maternal death data from CRVS (government death registration records) and health facilities for 2007–2008 and 2018–2019 to compare MMRs and causes of death. We will code the causes of death using classifications in the maternal mortality version of the 10th revision to the international classification of diseases. We will compare the proportions of maternal deaths attributed to different causes between the two study periods. We will also analyse missingness and misclassification of maternal deaths in CRVS to assess the validity of their use to measure maternal mortality in Zimbabwe. Discussion This study will determine changes in MMR and causes of maternal mortality in Zimbabwe over a decade. It will show whether HIV, which was at its peak in 2007–2008, remains a significant cause of maternal deaths in Zimbabwe. The study will recommend measures to improve the quality of CRVS data for future use to monitor maternal mortality in Zimbabwe and other SSA countries of similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Vulnerable groups at increased risk of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of the HIV population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

More recently, COVID-19 infection is advancing fast towards different settings. Regions with a high burden of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, and dengue including Latin America and Africa are experiencing an increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths. Since the age structure and the distribution of relevant co-morbidities varies substantially by country, the risk profile for COVID-19 could be very different in countries with high prevalence of individuals living with HIV.

scholarly journals Genomics-accelerated discovery of diverse fungicidal bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B Biggs ◽  
Kelly Craig ◽  
Esther Gachango ◽  
David Ingham ◽  
Mathias Twizeyimana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Model Training

AbstractSorghum Anthracnose and Black Sigatoka of bananas are problematic fungal diseases worldwide, with a particularly devastating impact on small-holder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. We screened a total of 1,227 bacterial isolates for antifungal activity against these pathogens using detached-leaf methods and identified 72 isolates with robust activity against one or both of these pathogens. These bacterial isolates represent a diverse set of five phyla, 14 genera and 22 species, including taxa for which this is the first observation of fungal disease suppression. We identified biosynthetic gene clusters associated with activity against each pathogen. Through a machine learning workflow we discovered additional active isolates, including an isolate from a genus that had not been included in previous screening or model training. Machine-learning improved the discovery rate of our screen by 3-fold. This work highlights the wealth of biocontrol mechanisms available in the microbial world for management of fungal pathogens, generates opportunities for future characterization of novel fungicidal mechanisms, and provides a set of genomic features and models for discovering additional bacterial isolates with activity against these two pathogens.

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