Seasonal Variation and Regional Distribution of Cleft Lip and Palate in Zambia

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Fels Elliott ◽  
Goran Jovic ◽  
Massey Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Surgical Data

Objective: To assess variations in seasonality and regional distribution of orofacial clefts in babies born in Zambia. Design: A retrospective chart review was done using records of all cleft procedures performed by the only plastic surgeon in Zambia (G.J.). Delivery data from the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) were also examined to estimate the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts (55,108 live births between 2001 and 2005). Patients: All cleft patients operated in Zambia from 2000 to 2006 (413 patients). Results: A low birth prevalence of clefts (1/4239 live births) was found using UTH delivery data. Surgical data showed no difference for the frequency of one gender over another overall (M:F ratio is 1.04; p  =  .70). More bilateral clefts occurred in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients than in cleft lip (CL) patients (p < .01), and more unilateral left-sided clefts occurred in CL than in CLP patients (p  =  .03). The data reflected seasonal variation in month of birth of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) patients (p < .01), with a peak in April and May and more births in March through August (57.2%) than in September through February (42.8%). There was regional variation in cleft births among the nine Zambian provinces (p < .01). Conclusions: This study shows seasonal variation in clefts that may be explained, at least in part, by environmental factors affecting the development of CL±P. Access to treatment is likely the major determinant of regional disparity in clefts. These results provide a basis for further epidemiological studies of orofacial clefts in Zambia.

Cleft Lip and Palate in Jordan: Birth Prevalence Rate

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al Omari ◽  
I. K. Al-Omari
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Orofacial Clefting ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

Objective and Design A retrospective investigation was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of Jordanian children born with oral clefts from 1991 to 2001. Setting Hospital surgical records from two main sources were used to identify all children born with orofacial clefting. Information about date of birth, sex, cleft types, and associated major anomalies and syndromes were recorded. Results The overall prevalence rate for live births with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both was 1.39 per 1000 live births. Thirty percent of the clefts identified affected the lip, 22 percent affected the palate, and 48 percent involved the clefts of the lip and palate. In general, higher prevalence rates were found for boys than girls (55% boys versus 45% girls). There was a statistically significant sex difference between the cleft types. Clefts of the isolated palate, however, were more common in girls. Eighteen percent of patients with cleft were associated with major anomalies or syndromes. Conclusions The reported prevalence rate for orofacial clefts among Jordanians is similar to the previously reported prevalence rate in white Caucasians. Results and future recommendations are discussed.

Birth Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Northern Ireland (1981 to 2000)

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gregg ◽  
A. G. Leonard ◽  
C. Hayden ◽  
K. E. Howard ◽  
C. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past

Objective: The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Northern Ireland (NI) was last reported for 1980 through 1990. This study was undertaken to update the prevalence of CL/P in NI for the 20-year period 1981 to 2000, to determine the pattern of prevalence, and to report the proportion of different cleft types and sex distribution. Design: Retrospective, population-based analysis. Patients/participants: All live born children with CL/P in NI from 1981 to 2000 were included. A total of 750 cases were identified. Resident births outside NI, stillbirths, abortuses, and children born with atypical orofacial clefts were excluded. Those with syndromes and submucous clefts were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence of children born with CL/P within NI for the period 1981 to 2000 was 1.47 per 1000 live births, or 1:682. This was consistent with the findings reported by other U.K. studies. There were no significant changes in the prevalence rates over any 5-year period. No significant seasonality trends were noted. Clefts of the palate only were always in the majority. More boys than girls were affected by cleft lip with or without cleft palate. There was a significant left-sided predilection for unilateral clefting of the lip. Conclusions: There have been no significant changes in the birth prevalence of children born with CL/P or the distribution or laterality of cleft type in the NI population during the past 20 years.

scholarly journals Incidence of Orofacial Clefts in Kumasi, Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Agbenorku ◽  
M. Yore ◽  
K. A. Danso ◽  
C. Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
History Of

Background. Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common orofacial congenital anomalies. This study is to establish Orofacial Clefts Database for Kumasi, Ghana, with a view to extend it to other cities in future to obtain a national orofacial anomaly database. Methods. A descriptive prospective survey was carried out at eleven selected health facilities in Kumasi. Results. The total number of live births recorded was 27,449. Orofacial anomalies recorded were 36, giving an incidence of 1.31/1000 live births or 1 in 763 live births. The mean maternal age of cleft lip/palate babies was 29.85 years (range 18–40 years). The male : female ratio for the orofacial anomalies babies was 1.3 : 1; the male : female ratio was 0.5 : 1 in the cleft lip group, 1.3 : 1 in the cleft lip and palate group, and 4 : 1 in the cleft palate group. The majority of clefts were unilateral (69.4%, n=25), with females (n=14) outnumbering males (n=11). A family history of cleft was recorded with five babies (13.9%). Associated congenital anomalies were recorded in seven (19.4%) cleft lips and/or palates. Conclusion. The incidence of 1 in 763 live births found in this study indicates that cleft lip/palate is a common congenital anomaly in Kumasi.

Analysis of the Prevalence and Incidence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengifo Reina Herney Alonso ◽  
Guarnizo Peralta Stefany Brigetty
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
The Individual

Objective: To analyze the population prevalence and birth prevalence of oral clefts in Colombia from 2009 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study using information from the National Administrative Records of Colombia. The data came from 2 types of administrative records (Surveillance System and the Individual Registry of Service Provision) and the oral health national survey. Population prevalence and birth prevalence by type of cleft lip and/or cleft (CL/P) ratios were calculated using Poisson distribution for count data and to assess stationary tests on time series (Dickey-Fuller) and (Phillips-Perron) was used. Results: Population prevalence in Colombia was 3.27 per 10 000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.21-3.32) and birth prevalence was 6.0 per 10 000 live births (95% CI, 5.67-6.35). Bogotá have the highest population prevalence with CL/P. In the analysis of trends for the prevalence proportion by type of clefts in newborn babies with cleft, it was observed that the highest proportion was for babies with CLP. Cleft lip (CL) has increased from 17.4% in 2014 to 34.2% in 2017, cleft palate (CP) has decreased from 32.9% to 20.2%; and CLP changed from 49.6% to 45.5% in the same period. Conclusions: The population prevalence was 3.27 per 10 000 inhabitants. Births prevalence was 6.0 per 10 000 live births, and Orinoquia and Amazonia have higher rates than the national average. The administrative registers are adequate systems to know the behavior of oral clefts. The CL/P had a nonstationary trend during the period 2014 to 2017.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts and the Influence of Consanguinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Alamoudi ◽  
H J Sabbagh ◽  
NPT Innes ◽  
D El Derwi ◽  
AZ Hanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Orofacial Cleft ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
The Relationship

The Objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and describe the characteristics of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and examine the influence of consanguinity. Study Design: Six hospitals were selected to represent Jeddah's five municipal districts. New born infants with NSOFC born between 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2011 were clinically examined and their number compared to the total number of infants born in these hospitals to calculate the prevalence of NSOFC types and sub-phenotypes. Referred Infants were included for the purpose of studying NSOFC characteristics and their relationship to consanguinity. Information on NSOFC infants was gathered through parents’ interviews, infants’ files and patient examinations. Results: Prospective surveillance of births resulted in identifying 37 NSOFC infants born between 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2011 giving a birth prevalence of 0.80/1000 living births. The total infants seen, including referred cases, were 79 children. Consanguinity among parents of cleft palate (CP) cases was statistically higher than that among cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) patients (P=0.039). Although there appears to be a trend in the relationship between consanguinity and severity of CL/P sub-phenotype, it was not statistically significant (P= 0.248). Conclusions: Birth prevalence of NSOFC in Jeddah City was 0.8/1000 live births with CL/P: 0.68/1000 and CP: 0.13/1000. Both figures were low compared to the global birth prevalence (NSOFC: 1.25/1000, CL/P: 0.94/1000 and CP: 0.31/1000 live births). Consanguineous parents were statistically higher among CP cases than among other NSOFC phenotypes.

Birth Prevalence of Orofacial Clefts in Kuwait From Hospital-Based Registration

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasmiya A. Alhayyan ◽  
Sharat C. Pan ◽  
Fawzi M. AlQatami
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Oral Cleft ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Facial Clefts

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLAP) are the most common craniofacial anomalies and birth defects globally. Despite the fact that a tertiary care registry of clefts has existed in Kuwait since 2008, to date there is no published data regarding the prevalence of orofacial clefts in this population. Objective: To tabulate the pattern of orofacial clefts from tertiary care center registration during 2009 through 2014 and to estimate the prevalence and trend using population-based records. Methodology: Data from all CLAP cases (born in Kuwait) registered in the central cleft center registry of the Al-Amiri hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait, from January 2009 to December 2014 were obtained. Data regarding the type, severity, gender as well as nationality, parental consanguinity, and associated syndrome were obtained from medical records. Birth prevalence was tabulated against the population statistics for the period obtained from the central department of statistics. Result: A total of 202 CLAP patients were recorded in the study period with a mean birth prevalence of 0.57 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI] .57 ± .23). The registry recorded 108 (53.2%) males and 94 (47.8%) females. Children born to Kuwaitis represented 53.7% of cases while those born to non-Kuwaitis represented 45.3%. The most common oral cleft was CLAP (47.3%), followed by cleft palate (30.5%), cleft lip (20.2%), and other facial clefts (2%). Other congenital anomalies were recognized in 33% of all cases. There were no statistically significant differences in oral cleft prevalence across gender or nationality. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral cleft in Kuwait appears to be similar to those of other Middle Eastern populations.

Birth Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Sucre, Bolivia

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall M. H. McLeod ◽  
Marcelo L. Arana Urioste ◽  
Nadeem R. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
South American Population ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The City

Objective To determine the birth prevalence of cleft lip and palate (CL ± P) in the municipality of Sucre, Bolivia. To ascertain whether the birth prevalence in this region differs significantly from birth prevalence reported in similar populations and other racial groups. Results Twenty-eight clefts were identified among 22,746 live births between the years 1995 and 2001 in three maternity hospitals in the city. The total birth prevalence of CL ± P was 1.23/1000 live births per year. There were 12 clefts of the lip alone (birth prevalence 0.53/1000 per year), 15 cleft lip and palate (0.66/1000 per year), and one cleft palate only (0.04/1000 per year). Conclusions The birth prevalence was not significantly different from birth prevalence published previously in South American populations, although it is lower than previously published data from Bolivia. The birth prevalence of CL ± P in this South American population was similar to published data in white subjects and between those found in black and oriental groups. The sex ratio and birth prevalence of simultaneous congenital malformations also did not differ from previously published figures.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1989

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Cooper ◽  
Roslyn A. Stone ◽  
You-E Liu ◽  
Dan-Ning Hu ◽  
Michael Melnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Pregnancy History

Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±CP) in an Asian population. Design Birth prevalence was assessed in a large birth series in Shanghai, China. A 1:3 sex-age-hospital matched case-control design was used to assess the effects of parental ages and pregnancy history on risk of CL±CP. Participants Records of live births from 1980 to 1989 in 22 hospitals in Shanghai, China, were reviewed, comprising 541,504 consecutive births, which is by far the largest such Chinese sample ever investigated. The case-control study included 528 (308 male, 220 female) nonsyndromic CL±CP cases and 1563 (912 male, 651 female) controls. Results From 1980 to 1989, the overall birth prevalence was 1.2 per 1000 live births with statistically significant seasonal variation (more CL±CP births in January to July). The overall male:female ratio was 1.40:1. For males, statistically significant associations were identified with maternal age for the most severe clefts (bilateral overall, and also bilateral CL+CP subgroup). For females, statistically significant association was shown for pregnancy age with birth order (overall and in most subgroups). Conclusions The birth prevalence of CL±CP in this Asian population was similar to published Caucasian rates. The observed seasonal variation would be consistent with possible environmental factors. Significant associations with maternal age, pregnancy age, and birth order warrant additional study of pregnancy history in Asian CL±CP.

scholarly journals Immediate rehabilitation with feeding appliance of a three day old neonate with cleft lip and palate- a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
Deepika Kapoor ◽  
Deepanshu Garg
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Very High

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are one of the most common congenital problems seen with a very high incidence. It imparts a negative effect on the overall health of the child by hindering in his feeding practices, normal facial growth, development of dentition and hence speech. Infants born with orofacial clefts have oronasal communication which creates a problem with the creation of negative pressure inside the oral cavity required for suckling.The treatment for such patients is with the multidisciplinary approach but the preliminary  concern for the neonate is to help with the feeding for which a feeding appliance is given. This case report presents a case of a 3-day old infant to whom a feeding appliance was given to aid in suckling. 

Repair of Giant Anterior Skull Base Encephalocele Containing Intralesional Eloquent Brain: Technical Note

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Kobets ◽  
Richard J Redett ◽  
Jonathan M Walsh ◽  
Joseph Lopez ◽  
Melike Guryildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Anterior Skull Base ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base

Abstract BACKGROUND Encephaloceles are herniations of intracranial neural tissue and meninges through defects in the skull. Basal encephaloceles are rare anterior skull base defects incident in 1 in 35,000 live births. Sphenoethmoidal encephaloceles are even more uncommon, with an incidence of 1 in 700,000 live births. Anterior skull base encephaloceles may be life-threatening in infants, presenting as airway obstruction and respiratory compromise. They can also present with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, purulent nasal drainage, or meningitis. OBJECTIVE To report a novel technique for repairing a giant sphenoethmoidal encephalocele containing eloquent neural tissue. METHODS A 16-mo-old girl presented with progressive airway obstruction from a giant sphenoethmoidal encephalocele that filled her oral cavity. She had multiple congenital anomalies including agenesis of the corpus callosum and cleft lip and palate. Computed tomography showed complete absence of the bony anterior cranial base, and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in the hernia sac. RESULTS We repaired the encephalocele using a combined microsurgical and endoscopic multidisciplinary approach working through transcranial, transnasal, and transpalatal corridors. The procedure was completed in a single stage, during which the midline cleft lip was also repaired. The child made an excellent neurological and aesthetic recovery with preservation of pituitary and hypothalamic function, without evidence of CSF fistula. CONCLUSION The authors describe a novel multidisciplinary technique for treating a giant sphenoethmoidal encephalocele containing eloquent brain. The cleft lip was also repaired at the same time. The ability to work through multiple corridors can enhance the safety and efficacy of an often-treacherous operative endeavor.

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