Estimates of genetic correlations of some important quantitative traits in cowpea,Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp., under drought stress

Abstract In recent years, metabolomics has been used to clarify the biology underlying biological samples. In the field of animal breeding, investigating the magnitude of genetic control on the metabolomic profiles of animals and their relationships with quantitative traits adds valuable information to animal improvement schemes. In this study, we analyzed metabolomic features (MFs) extracted from the metabolomic profiles of 843 male Holstein calves. The metabolomic profiles were obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We investigated 2 alternative methods to control for peak shifts in the NMR spectra, binning and aligning, to determine which approach was the most efficient for assessing genetic variance. Series of univariate analyses were implemented to elucidate the heritability of each MF. Furthermore, records on BW and ADG from 154 to 294 d of age (ADG154–294), 294 to 336 d of age (ADG294–336), and 154 to 336 d of age (ADG154–336) were used in a series of bivariate analyses to establish the genetic and phenotypic correlations with MFs. Bivariate analyses were only performed for MFs that had a heritability significantly different from zero. The heritabilities obtained in the univariate analyses for the MFs in the binned data set were low (<0.2). In contrast, in the aligned data set, we obtained moderate heritability (0.2 to 0.5) for 3.5% of MFs and high heritability (more than 0.5) for 1% of MFs. The bivariate analyses showed that ~12%, ~3%, ~9%, and ~9% of MFs had significant additive genetic correlations with BW, ADG154–294, ADG294–336, and ADG154–336, respectively. In all of the bivariate analyses, the percentage of significant additive genetic correlations was higher than the percentage of significant phenotypic correlations of the corresponding trait. Our results provided insights into the influence of the underlying genetic mechanisms on MFs. Further investigations in this field are needed for better understanding of the genetic relationship among the MFs and quantitative traits.

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Genetic analysis for quantitative traits in bread wheat exposed to irrigated and drought stress conditions

Phyton ◽

10.32604/phyton.2017.86.228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 228-235

Author(s):

Ataei R ◽

M Gholamhoseini ◽

M Kamalizadeh

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Stress Conditions

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РІВЕНЬ ФОРМУВАННЯ, МІНЛИВІСТЬ ТА ГЕНЕТИЧНІ ЗВ’ЯЗКИ КІЛЬКІСНИХ ОЗНАК СОРТІВ ТА СЕЛЕКЦІЙНИХ ЛІНІЙ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2018.01.04 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

В. М. Тищенко ◽

О. В. Гусенкова ◽

В. В. Шандиба

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

Seeding Time ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

В статті викладені результати експерименту по вивченню рівня формування та мінливості ознаки «маса зерна з колосу» (М1) сортів та селекційних ліній (СЛ) пшениці озимої та її генетичні кореляції з кількісними ознаками в залежності від року вирощування та строків сівби. В досліді використовували 3 строки сівби: ранній (1вересня, СП-1), оптимальний (15 вересня, СП-2), пізній (1 жовтня, СП-3). В задачу експерименту входило дослідити як формується маса зерна з колосу за строками сівби та за роками досліджень, а також визначити як формуються генетичні зв’язки оптимального строку сівби по відношенню до раннього і пізнього і коли більш виразно проявляються генетичні кореляції між кількісним ознаками. В процесі дослідження встановлено, що найвищий рівень ознаки «маса зерна з колоса» формувався в 2015 році. Визначено, що ознака «маса зерна з колоса» має пряму кореляційну залежність із такими структурними елементами як кількість зерен з колоса, маса колоса з насінням та маса рослини, і менш стійкі генетичні зв’язки з іншими кількісними ознаками як за роками досліджень, так і за строками сівби. Досліджено, що генетичні зв’язки оптимального строку сівби ознаки «маса зерна з колоса» з генеративними і вегетативними ознаками мають наближене значення до СП-1 та СП-3 і формуються з незначною різницею. The article presents the results of an experiment on the study of the level of formation and variability of the «grain weight from ear» (M1) of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines (SL) and its genetic correlations with quantitative characteristics, depending on the year of cultivation and the timing of sowing. In the experiment, 3 sowing lines were used: early (September 1, SP-1), optimal (September 15, SP-2), late (October 1, SP-3). The task of the experiment was to investigate how the mass of grain from the ear is formed by the terms of sowing and years of research, as well as determine how the genetic links of the optimal seeding period are formed in relation to the early and late, and when genetic correlations are more clearly manifested between quantitative traits. In the course of the study, it was found that the highest level of the «mass of grain from the ear» was formed in 2015. It is determined that the sign «mass of grain from the ear» has a direct correlation with the structural elements such as: the number of grains from the ear, the mass of the colon with seeds and the weight of the plant, and less stable genetic relationships with other quantitative features, as in the years of research, and on sowing terms. It was investigated that the genetic links of the optimal seeding time of the sign «grain mass from the ear» with the generative and vegetative features have an approximate value to SP-1 and SP-3 and are formed with a slight difference.

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Differential effects of steroid hormones on levels of genetic variance in a wild bird: possible mechanism of maternal-effects x genetic variance interaction?

10.32942/osf.io/9f5nr ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Szymon Marian Drobniak ◽

Joanna Sudyka ◽

Mariusz Cichoń ◽

Aneta Arct ◽

Lars Gustafsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Evolutionary Potential ◽

Blue Tits ◽

Rearing Effects

Genetic variation is one of the key concepts in evolutionary biology and an important prerequisite of evolutionary change. Still, we know very little about processes that modulate its levels in wild populations. In particular – we still are to understand why genetic variances often depend on environmental conditions. One of possible environment-sensitive modulators of observed levels of genetic variance are maternal effects. In this study we attempt to experimentally test the hypothesis that maternally-transmitted agents (e.g. hormones) may influence the expression of genetic variance in quantitative traits in the offspring. We manipulated the levels of steroid hormones (testosterone and corticosterone) in eggs laid by blue tits in a wild population. Our experimental setup allowed for full crossing of genetic and rearing effects with the experimental manipulation. We observed, that birds treated with corticosterone exhibited a significant decrease in genetic variance of tarsus length. We also observed less pronounced, marginally significant effects of hormonal administration on the patterns of genetic correlations between traits expressed under varying pre-hatching hormonal conditions. Our study indicates, that maternally transmitted substances such as hormones may have measurable impact on the levels of genetic variance – and hence, on the evolutionary potential of quantitative traits.

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Adaptation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to Water Deficit during Vegetative and Reproductive Phases Using Physiological and Agronomic Characters

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/9665312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Vincent Ezin ◽

Artoche Gloria Christelle Tosse ◽

Ifagbémi Bienvenue Chabi ◽

Adam Ahanchede

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

International Institute ◽

Relative Water ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Reproductive Phases ◽

Water Treatments

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important commodity in West Africa. Its seeds are a valuable source of protein, vitamins, and income for humans. However, cowpea cultivation in Benin faces climatic constraints such as water stress caused by a prolonged absence of rain during the rainy season. Thus, this work aims at selecting cowpea varieties that can be cultivated in times of drought without compromising their yields and yield components. Twenty cowpea varieties were used, including 17 improved cultivars and 3 landraces. The experiment was conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Benin and laid at a split-plot design with four replicates. Each genotype was exposed to three water treatments: fully irrigated control, vegetative stress (when plants were 23 days old, drought stress was imposed for 30 days), and reproductive stress (once the first flowers were observed, water stress was imposed for 30 days). The results showed that photochemical yield, chlorophyll content, and relative water content were reduced under water deficit at the vegetative and reproductive stages. But there were no significant differences in proline content among cowpea varieties. Agronomic traits such as number of days to flowering, number of pods, yield per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, and harvest time showed significant differences under water stress. Overall, the landraces and cultivars including Kpodjiguegue, KVX 61-1, and IT 06-K-242-3 were the most tolerant to drought stress at the vegetative and reproductive stages and could potentially be used in breeding programs to improve drought tolerance of cowpeas.

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NITROGENASE ACTIVITY, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TOTAL NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES IN COWPEA DURING AND AFTER DROUGHT STRESS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-123 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1005-1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. PARARAJASINGHAM ◽

D. P. KNIEVEL

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽

Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽

And Control

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine whether depressed nitrogenase activity (NA) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) nodules during drought stress is associated with altered carbohydrate supply to the nodules. Nitrogenase activity of the nodules, midday abaxial stomatal conductance, leaf net photosynthesis and mg total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) g−1 dry weight of several plant parts were measured in cowpea subjected to and recovering from drought stress periods of 0, 4 and 8 days. In addition, cowpea plants were shaded or partially defoliated (75% leaf removal) to limit carbohydrate supply to the nodules of well-watered plants. Stomatal conductance, leaf net photosynthesis and nodule NA declined 60, 62 and 90%, respectively, within 4 d of withholding water. After 8 d of drought stress, leaf net photosynthesis and nodule NA were near zero. Stomatal conductance and leaf net photosynthesis returned to the level of unstressed plants within 24 h following rewatering while recovery of NA was delayed. Shading and defoliation of cowpea plants under well watered conditions decreased NA 62 and 44%, respectively. TNC concentrations of leaves, petioles, stems, roots and nodules did not differ appreciably between drought stressed and control plants. In contrast, TNC concentrations of shoot plant parts from shaded or defoliated plants declined significantly compared to controls and nodule TNC concentrations declined in shaded plants. The decline in NA by cowpea nodules during drought stress did not appear to be directly associated with carbohydrate supply to the nodules, but rather the result of a new equilibrium attained with overall limited plant growth under the stress.Key words: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., nitrogenase activity, drought stress recovery, assimilate stress, shading, defoliation, total nonstructural carbohydrate

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