scholarly journals Let's Learn Their Language? A Case for Planning with Automata-Network Languages from Model Checking

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 13569-13575
Author(s):  
Jorg Hoffmann ◽  
Holger Hermanns ◽  
Michaela Klauck ◽  
Marcel Steinmetz ◽  
Erez Karpas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Ai Planning ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Exogenous Agents ◽  
Automata Network

It is widely known that AI planning and model checking are closely related. Compilations have been devised between various pairs of language fragments. What has barely been voiced yet, though, is the idea to let go of one's own modeling language, and use one from the other area instead. We advocate that idea here – to use automata-network languages from model checking instead of PDDL – motivated by modeling difficulties relating to planning agents surrounded by exogenous agents in complex environments. One could, of course, address this by designing additional extended planning languages. But one can also leverage decades of work on modeling in the formal methods community, creating potential for deep synergy and integration with their techniques as a side effect. We believe there's a case to be made for the latter, as one modeling alternative in planning among others.

The Search for Ideas in Historical Investigation

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Aydelotte
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Lunatic Fringe ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Formal Arrangement ◽  
Analytical Tools

There has been over the last several decades an active campaign for the use of systematic methods in historical research, particularly for the verification of contentions by the most rigorous means that our information and our analytical tools, quantitative ones when possible, can provide. It is probably correct to say that by now this battle is largely won, in principle at least. Few historians still object to formal arrangement of the evidence or to counting, even if many of them do not do things quite this way themselves. Methods that a generation ago were regarded as outrageous and on the lunatic fringe of scholarship are no longer controversial. It is true that a few diehards in the profession still protest against these innovations. On the other hand, some at the opposite end of the methodological spectrum contend that we have not gone far enough—that historical projects have not maintained acceptable technical standards and that ventures of historians into formal methods have been elementary and intellectually sloppy (Kousser, 1977). It is proper that these questions should be raised and no doubt there is room for improvement. Yet at least scholars have become aware of the value of systematic research and have begun to discuss in constructive fashion what needs to be done to make it more effective.

scholarly journals Timed ATL: Forget Memory, Just Count

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 197-223
Author(s):  
Michal Jozef Knapik ◽  
Etienne Andre ◽  
Laure Petrucci ◽  
Wojciech Jamroga ◽  
Wojciech Penczek
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Pattern ◽  
Perfect Recall ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compact Representations ◽  
Time Extension ◽  
Number Of Visits

In this paper we investigate the Timed Alternating-Time Temporal Logic (TATL), a discrete-time extension of ATL. In particular, we propose, systematize, and further study semantic variants of TATL, based on different notions of a strategy. The notions are derived from different assumptions about the agents’ memory and observational capabilities, and range from timed perfect recall to untimed memoryless plans. We also introduce a new semantics based on counting the number of visits to locations during the play. We show that all the semantics, except for the untimed memoryless one, are equivalent when punctuality constraints are not allowed in the formulae. In fact, abilities in all those notions of a strategy collapse to the “counting” semantics with only two actions allowed per location. On the other hand, this simple pattern does not extend to the full TATL. As a consequence, we establish a hierarchy of TATL semantics, based on the expressivity of the underlying strategies, and we show when some of the semantics coincide. In particular, we prove that more compact representations are possible for a reasonable subset of TATL specifications, which should improve the efficiency of model checking and strategy synthesis.

Assessing the Utilization of Automata in Representing Players' Behaviors in Game Theory

Game Theory ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Khaled Suwais
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
State Of Art

Representing players' strategies in game theory has a direct impact on the players' performance. The state of art shows that automata are one of the primary techniques used for representing players' strategies and behaviors. In this paper, the author will identify different types of automata and assess their utilization in the field of game theory. Is has been found that finite automata, adaptive automata, and cellular automata are widely adopted in game theory. The utilization of finite automata is found to be limited to represent simpler players' behavior. On the other hand, adaptive automata and cellular automata are intensively applied in complex environments, where the number of interacted players is large and therefore, representing complex behaviors are needed.

scholarly journals HKSiamFC: Visual-Tracking Framework Using Prior Information Provided by Staple and Kalman Filter

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenpu Li ◽  
Qianjian Xing ◽  
Zhenguo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robust Tracking ◽  
Similarity Learning ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Color Information ◽  
Learning Problem

In the field of visual tracking, trackers based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) have had significant achievements. The fully-convolutional Siamese (SiamFC) tracker is a typical representation of these CNN trackers and has attracted much attention. It models visual tracking as a similarity-learning problem. However, experiments showed that SiamFC was not so robust in some complex environments. This may be because the tracker lacked enough prior information about the target. Inspired by the key idea of a Staple tracker and Kalman filter, we constructed two more models to help compensate for SiamFC’s disadvantages. One model contained the target’s prior color information, and the other the target’s prior trajectory information. With these two models, we design a novel and robust tracking framework on the basis of SiamFC. We call it Histogram–Kalman SiamFC (HKSiamFC). We also evaluated HKSiamFC tracker’s performance on dataset of the online object tracking benchmark (OTB) and Temple Color (TC128), and it showed quite competitive performance when compared with the baseline tracker and several other state-of-the-art trackers.

A Positive Mood Induction for Reducing the Formation of Nocebo Effects from Side Effect Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L Geers ◽  
Shane Close ◽  
Fawn C Caplandies ◽  
Lene Vase
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Neutral Mood ◽  
Nocebo Effects ◽  
Headache Pain ◽  
Mood Condition

Abstract Background Providing treatment side effect information can increase the occurrence of side effects through nocebo effects. Nocebo effects from side effect information raise a dilemma for health care, as there is an ethical obligation to disclose potential unpleasant treatment information to patients. Purpose To test the hypothesis that a positive mood induction can block the development of nocebo effects that result from treatment side effect information. Methods In a laboratory setting, healthy participants were assigned to one of four conditions in a between-subjects randomized factorial trial. First, participants took part in a mood induction procedure, with half receiving a positive mood induction and the other half a neutral mood induction. Next, participants were told they would experience transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Prior to a sham tDCS task, half of the participants were informed that headache pain is a side effect of tDCS, whereas the other half were not given this information. Results In the neutral mood condition, the provision of headache side effect information lead to a greater occurrence of headaches, more frequent headaches, and a higher maximum level of headache pain as compared to those given no side effect information. In the positive mood condition, a similar increase in headache pain did not manifest from the provision of side effect information. Conclusions This is the first experiment to find that a positive mood induction can block the formation of nocebo effects that arise from side effect information. Inducing positive moods may be an effective strategy for reducing nocebo effects in a variety of clinical settings.

scholarly journals Rancangan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Angklung Untuk SLB Bagian B Tuna Rungu Berbasis Android

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Diana Effendi ◽  
Bella Hardiyana
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Learning Aids

The introduction of angklung music especially for deaf students is done by replacing numeric notes with various hand movements by the teacher. It takes two teachers to produce harmonious music with one teacher focusing on melody and the other teacher focusing on chords. However, hand movements are still limited to ordinary notes. The teacher's hand movements do not yet include the crescendo and decrescence notes. In addition, if one of the teachers is unable to attend, it cannot produce a harmonious music. To overcome this, multimedia-based angklung learning aids and android-based applications are made, where multimedia allows an angklung game to be carried out without the help of a trainer. In addition, created a partitur reading with the android application to enhance the students' ability to practice outside hours. But in these discussions only discuss the design of the android based angklung application used Unified Modeling Language  (UML) diagram.. This research was funded by Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan , Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No : 108/SP2H/PPM/DPRM/2019, 08 March 2019

scholarly journals Formal methods in software development: A road less travelled

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Van der Poll
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Formal Specification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Specifications ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Software Development Life Cycle ◽  
Verification Techniques ◽  
Early Phases

An integration of traditional verification techniques and formal specifications in software engineering is presented. Advocates of such techniques claim that mathematical formalisms allow them to produce quality, verifiably correct, or at least highly dependable software and that the testing and maintenance phases are shortened. Critics on the other hand maintain that software formalisms are hard to master, tedious to use and not well suited for the fast turnaround times demanded by industry. In this paper some popular formalisms and the advantages of using these during the early phases of the software development life cycle are presented. Employing the Floyd-Hoare verification principles during the formal specification phase facilitates reasoning about the properties of a specification. Some observations that may help to alleviate the formal-methods controversy are established and a number of formal methods successes is presented. Possible conditions for an increased acceptance of formalisms in oftware development are discussed.

Causal Modelling

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
General Term ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Computer Scientist ◽  
Causal Modelling ◽  
Subject Specific

‘Causal modelling’ is a general term that applies to a wide variety of formal methods for representing, and facilitating inferences about, causal relationships. The end of the twentieth century saw an explosion of work on causal modelling, with contributions from such fields as statistics, computer science, and philosophy; as well as from more subject-specific disciplines such as econometrics and epidemiology. This article focuses on two programmes that have attracted considerable philosophical attention, one due to the computer scientist Judea Pearl and his collaborators, and the other to the philosophers Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines. It offers a much simplified presentation of causal models that emphasizes various points of philosophical interest.

scholarly journals COSTUS SPECIOSUS AND ITS ANTIPSORIATIC ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Debpratim Chakraborty ◽  
Nisha Lama Yolmo ◽  
Nisha Lama Yolmo
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Costus Speciosus ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease. The marketed drugs cannot totally cure the disease state as well as they have severe side effects and for that reason researcher and scientists are going for traditional medicines. Costus speciosus is the plant of choice for its several positive activities against psoriatic arthritis.Methods: Wistar albino healthy rat was taken for 0.1 ml of Freund adjuvant-induced anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory test, and diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. The paw volume was measured at different time 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of experiment. In another study, the protocol is same, but indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. Another study was performed to know that the plant drug has any lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated COX-protein inhibitor activity or not. An acute anti-inflammatory property was studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and result is measured by plethysmometer. The chronic anti-inflammatory property was studied by cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract is administered to the animal of both acute and chronic studies.Results: In anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory study, after the 21st day, it has found that standard drug (diclofenac sodium) decreases paw volume 40 % where the plant drug reduces it 68.33% & 75.50% at higher and lower dose respectively. In the other study the Standard drug (Indomethacin) show arthritic score of 0.83 and the extract shows 1.67 at its higher concentration. In LPS-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition study, extract helps to decrease the LPS-stimulated COX-2 protein nearly similar as methotrexate without any side effect. In the cotton pallet-induced anti-inflammatory study, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract shows similar result against standard drug.Conclusion: Although its activity is less compared to the marketed drug, in the other sides, it has very mild adverse effect compared to the marketed Drug. It can be used as a supportive drug in the treatment of Psoriatic arthritis and by chemical modification the activity may be increased without any side effect.

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