Response of Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis) to Glyphosate and Alternatives in Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago M. Ulloa ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Corn Plants

Asiatic dayflower has recently become a troublesome weed in eastern Iowa. This weed demonstrates an extended emergence period and there is anecdotal evidence of glyphosate tolerance. Thus, Asiatic dayflower is difficult to manage in glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn and soybean. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of Asiatic dayflower to glyphosate applied at different rates and growth stages. Field research was conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate different herbicides for Asiatic dayflower control in soybean. PRE herbicides were applied at planting and POST herbicides were applied 21 and 42 d after planting (DAP). In addition, shikimate accumulation in response to glyphosate was compared among Asiatic dayflower and GR and non-GR corn and soybean. Under greenhouse conditions, a single application of glyphosate (0.84 kg ae ha−1) did not control Asiatic dayflower. Only the highest rate evaluated, 13.44 kg ae ha−1 (16X), was lethal to Asiatic dayflower. Even when applied at an early growth stage (two leaves) and using high rates (3.36 kg ae ha−1), glyphosate controlled Asiatic dayflower just 28%. In the field, metribuzin and KIH-485 controlled Asiatic dayflower 80 and 73%, respectively. Early POST applications (21 DAP) of cloransulam or lactofen controlled Asiatic dayflower 80 and 67%, respectively. A single glyphosate application of 0.86 kg ae ha−1 controlled Asiatic dayflower approximately 50%. Glyphosate-treated Asiatic dayflower and non-GR corn and soybeans accumulated shikimate after application. GR corn and soybeans did not accumulate shikimate in response to glyphosate. Twenty-one days after treatment, all the non-GR soybean and corn plants died; however, Asiatic dayflower plants survived.

Control of Early Watergrass (Echinochloa Oryzoides) and Late Watergrass (Echinochloa Phyllopogon) with Cyhalofop, Clefoxydim, and Penoxsulam Applied Alone and in Mixture with Broadleaf Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos A. Damalas ◽  
Kico V. Dhima ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Echinochloa Phyllopogon

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of application rate, growth stage, and tank-mixing azimsulfuron or bentazon on the activity of cyhalofop, clefoxydim, and penoxsulam against two morphologically distinctEchinochloaspecies from rice fields in Greece. Mixtures of penoxsulam with MCPA were also evaluated. Cyhalofop (300 to 600 g ai/ha) applied at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 62 to 85% control of early watergrass but 41 to 83% control of late watergrass averaged over mixture treatments. Control ranged from 37 to 80% for early watergrass and from 35 to 78% for late watergrass when cyhalofop was applied at the five- to six-leaf growth stage averaged over mixture treatments. Mixtures of cyhalofop with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on both species irrespective of growth stage or cyhalofop application rate compared with cyhalofop alone. Clefoxydim (100 to 250 g ai/ha) applied alone at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 98 to 100% control of early watergrass and 91 to 100% control of late watergrass; when clefoxydim was applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage the control obtained was 91 to 100% for early watergrass and 79 to 100% for late watergrass. Mixtures of clefoxydim with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Penoxsulam (20 to 40 g ai/ha) applied alone provided 94 to 100% control of both species at both growth stages. Mixtures of MCPA with penoxsulam reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Mixtures of penoxsulam with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy only on late watergrass at the late growth stage.

Growth Stage Affects Response of Selected Weed Species to Flaming

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Strahinja Stepanovic ◽  
Avishek Datta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Field Pennycress

Propane flaming could be an alternative tool for PRE control or suppression of early-emerging weeds in organic and conventional crops. The objective of this study was to test the tolerance of selected early-season weeds to broadcast flaming in no-till systems. Four winter annuals (tansy mustard, henbit, cutleaf evening primrose, and field pennycress), one summer annual (common lambsquarters), and one perennial (dandelion) species were included in the study. Except for dandelion, the response to propane flaming was evaluated at two growth stages. Flaming treatments were applied using an all-terrain-vehicle-mounted flamer moving 4.8 km h−1, and propane pressure was adjusted to deliver doses of 0 (nonflamed control), 22, 34, 48, 67, and 90 kg ha−1. The response of each species to propane doses was described by log-logistic models based on visual ratings of weed control and dry matter reduction. Response to broadcast flaming varied among species and growth stages. Common lambsquarters, tansy mustard, and henbit were more susceptible to flaming than cutleaf evening primrose, field pennycress, and dandelion. On the basis of visual ratings, propane doses between 54 and 62 kg ha−1 effectively controlled (90% control) common lambsquarters at the early growth stage (five-leaf), tansy mustard at both growth stages (nine-leaf and flowering), and henbit (flowering). However, a higher propane dose (> 80 kg ha−1) was necessary to obtain 90% control of common lambsquarters in later growth stage (11-leaf) and early growth stage of henbit (nine-leaf). Cutleaf evening primrose, field pennycress, and dandelion exhibited higher levels of tolerance to broadcast flaming. A 90% control of these species was not achieved even with the highest propane dose (90 kg ha−1) utilized in the study. Results of this study indicate that a single application of broadcast flaming can be an effective tool for controlling tansy mustard, henbit, and common lambsquarters and temporary suppression of cutleaf evening primrose, field pennycress, and dandelion.

Gibberellic Acid and Salinity Affected Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Castor Bean Plants at Early Growth Stage

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1340-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Nimir ◽  
Shiyuan Lu ◽  
Fuyan Zhai ◽  
Yonghui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Bean Plants

scholarly journals Dynamics study of the adsorption and diffusion in early growth stage of AlN/α-Al2Ｏ3（0001） films

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 3553
Author(s):  
Yang Chun ◽  
Feng Yu Fang ◽  
Yu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Temporal Dynamics of Microcystins In Two Reservoirs With Different Trophic Status During The Early Growth Stage of Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingju Xue ◽  
Ming Kong ◽  
Liqiang Xie ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Mengna Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Density And Biomass

Abstract Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are increasing in frequency and severity, which makes their toxic secondary metabolites of microcystins (MCs) have been widely studied, especially in their distribution and influence factors in different habitats. However, the distribution of MCs on the early growth stage of harmful cyanobacteria and its influence factors and risks are still largely unknown. Thus, in the present study, two reservoirs (Lutian Reservoir and Lake Haitang) with different trophic status in China have been studied weekly from March to May in 2018, when the cyanobacteria communities were just in the early growth stage, to investigate the variation of MCs concentration and the relationships between MCs and environmental parameters. During the investigation, Lutian Reservoir and Lake Haitang were found to be mesotrophic and light eutrophic, respectively. In Lutian Reservoir, the concentration of EMCs was obviously higher than that of IMCs with a mean value of 0.323 and 0.264 μg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration of EMCs also fluctuated more sharply than that of IMCs. Congeners of IMC-YR and EMC-LR were respectively dominant in total concentrations of IMCs and EMCs. Unsurprisingly, in Lake Haitang, the concentrations of IMC and EMC were both significantly higher than that in Lutian Reservoir with a mean concentration of 0.482 and 0.472 μg/L, respectively. Differently, the concentration of MC-YR was dominant in both IMCs and EMCs, followed by MC-LR. In correlation analysis, the IMCs were significantly and positively correlated with the density and biomass of phytoplankton phyla and potential MCs-producing cyanobacteria and the parameters of water temperature (WT), nutrients and organic matters. Similar results were also observed for EMCs. While the different variation of MCs in two reservoirs might be primarily caused by the differences in WT, nutrients (especially phosphorus), organic matters and the composition of MCs-producing cyanobacteria. In addition, the coexistence of the dominant species of Pseudoanabaena sp., which can produce taste-and-odor compound of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), might have significant impacts on the concentration and toxicity of MCs. Our results suggested that the risks posed by MCs at the early growth stage of cyanobacteria should also deserve our attentions, especially in mesotrophic water bodies.

scholarly journals Growth, Development, and Chemical Constituents of Edible Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) Produced under Combinations of Light-emitting Diode Lights

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitipat Weeplian ◽  
Tsair-Bor Yen ◽  
Yunn-Shy Ho
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Late Growth

To investigate the effects of light treatments on the growth morphology and chemical constituents of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plants, red (R), blue (B), far red (Fr), and white (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were configured to provide different combinations of light spectra and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs). In Expt. 1, five light spectra of red/white (RW), red/white/far red (RWFr), red/white/high-intensity far red (RWFrD), red/blue (RB), and red/blue/far red (RBFr) were set up in two 3-layered racks with circulating hydroponic systems. In each light spectrum treatment, the distance between the LED lamps and the transplanting board was regulated to provide low PPFD and high PPFD treatments. In Expt. 2, the effect of Fr was further investigated in plants in the early and late growth stages. RWFr light was modified by covering the Fr lamps to become red/white without far red (RW−Fr) light during the early growth stage, and then removing the covers to provide the Fr spectrum red/white with far red (RW+Fr) during the later growth stage. This study suggested that high PPFD was not beneficial for promoting plant growth in any light spectrum treatment. Among light spectrum treatments at a PPFD of 215 ± 15 μmol·m−2·s−1, RW light produced higher vegetative growth. In the late growth stage, RW and RB combined with Fr light promoted reproductive growth, antioxidant activities, and secondary compounds, such as phenolic compounds, pinitol accumulation, and betacyanins. Therefore, RW (227 μmol·m−2·s−1), RW−Fr (162 μmol·m−2·s−1), and RB (162 μmol·m−2·s−1) are suggested for the early growth stage to promote vegetative growth. Then additional Fr light can be applied in addition to RW for secondary metabolite induction in the late growth stage.

scholarly journals Exploitation of variability for salinity tolerance in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) at early growth stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 4206-4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qayyum Abdul ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Hafiz ◽  
Hanif Mamoona ◽  
Noor Etrat ◽  
Malik Waqas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Maize Hybrids
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