Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Control and Economic Returns with Herbicide Programs in Soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis R. Legleiter ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley ◽  
Raymond E. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field experiments were conducted in Platte County, Missouri, during 2006 and 2007 to evaluate PRE, POST, and PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide programs for the control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in soybean. All PRE fb POST treatments resulted in at least 66 and 70% control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp was less than 23% with lactofen and acifluorfen in 2006, but at least 64% in 2007. Variability in control likely resulted from differences in trial locations and a population of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)–resistant waterhemp at the Platte County site in 2006 compared with 2007. In both years, glyphosate resulted in less than 23% control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp and provided the least control of all herbicide programs. Programs containing PRE herbicides resulted in waterhemp densities of less than 5 plants/m2, whereas the POST glyphosate treatment resulted in 38 to 70 plants/m2. Waterhemp seed production was reduced at least 78% in all PRE fb POST programs, from 55 to 71% in POST programs containing lactofen and acifluorfen and by only 21% in the POST glyphosate treatment. Soybean yields corresponded to the level of waterhemp control achieved in both years, with the lowest yields resulting from programs that provided poorest waterhemp control. PRE applications ofS-metolachlor plus metribuzin provided one of the highest net incomes in both years and resulted in $271 to $340/ha greater net income than the glyphosate-only treatment. Collectively, the results from these experiments illustrate the effectiveness of PRE herbicides for the control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in glyphosate-resistant soybean and the inconsistency of PPO-inhibiting herbicides or PPO-inhibiting herbicide combinations for the control of waterhemp populations with multiple resistance to glyphosate and PPO-inhibiting herbicides.

Economic Evaluation of Glyphosate-Resistant and Conventional Sugar Beet

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kniss ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Paul A. Burgener ◽  
Dillon M. Feuz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Sugar Beet Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field experiments were conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, in 2001 and 2002 to compare economic aspects of glyphosate applied to different glyphosate-resistant sugar beet cultivars with that of conventional herbicide programs applied to near-equivalent, non–glyphosate-resistant conventional cultivars. Glyphosate applied two or three times at 2-wk intervals, beginning when weeds were 10 cm tall, provided excellent weed control, yield, and net economic return regardless of the glyphosate-resistant sugar beet cultivar. All conventional herbicide treatments resulted in similar net economic returns. Although the conventional sugar beet cultivars ‘HM 1640’ and ‘Beta 4546’ responded similarly to herbicide treatments with respect to sucrose content, ‘Beta 4546RR’ produced roots with 1% more sucrose than ‘HM 1640RR’. When averaged over herbicide treatments, a producer planting Beta 4546RR could afford to pay US $185/ha more for glyphosate-resistant technology as could a producer planting HM 1640RR. When averaged over cultivars and herbicide treatments, it is estimated that a producer could afford to pay an additional US $385/ha for glyphosate-resistant technology without decreasing net return.

Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor–Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Corn and Soybean

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Shoup ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides on protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitor–resistant common waterhemp in corn and soybean. All corn herbicides tested gave greater than 90% common waterhemp control by 8 wk after postemergence herbicide treatment (WAPT). In soybean, common waterhemp control was less than 40% by 8 WAPT with postemergence protox-inhibiting herbicides lactofen and acifluorfen. However, preemergence protox-inhibiting herbicides sulfentrazone and flumioxazin gave greater than 85% common waterhemp control in both years. The greatest common waterhemp control in soybean was with glyphosate alone, alachlor + metribuzin, alachlor followed by (fb) glyphosate, and S-metolachlor + metribuzin fb glyphosate.

scholarly journals Comparison of Herbicide Programs for Season-Long Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debalin Sarangi ◽  
Lowell D. Sandell ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Herbicide Programs

The evolution of glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant common waterhemp in the Midwestern United States has reduced the number of effective POST herbicide options for management of this problem weed in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Moreover, common waterhemp emerges throughout the crop growing season, justifying the need to evaluate herbicide programs that provide season-long control. The objectives of this study were to compare POST-only and PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Dodge County, NE, in a field infested with glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp. Programs containing PRE herbicides resulted in ≥83% control of common waterhemp and densities of ≤35 plantsm–2at 21 d after PRE (DAPRE). Post-only herbicide programs resulted in <70% control and densities of 107 to 215 plants m–2at 14 d after early-POST (DAEPOST) treatment. PRE fb POST herbicide programs, including saflufenacil plus imazethapyr plus dimethenamid-P, sulfentrazone plus cloransulam, orS-metolachlor plus metribuzin, fb fomesafen plus glyphosate;S-metolachlor plus fomesafen fb acifluorfen plus glyphosate resulted in >90% control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp throughout the growing season, reduced density to ≤7plantsm–2, ≥92% biomass reduction, and soybean yield >2,200kg ha–1. Averaged across herbicide programs, common waterhemp control was 84%, and density was 15 plants m–2with PRE fb POST herbicide programs compared with 42% control, and density of 101 plants m–2with POST-only herbicide programs at harvest. Results of this study indicated that PRE fb POST herbicide programs with effective modes of action exist for season-long control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp in glyphosate-resistant soybean.

Glyphosate and Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis)Populations from Missouri

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis R. Legleiter ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Treatment Tank ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the level of glyphosate resistance in common waterhemp populations from Platte County (MO1) and Holt County, Missouri (MO2), and to determine the level and distribution of resistance to glyphosate, acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides, and protoporophyrinogen oxidase (PPO)–inhibiting herbicides across the MO1 site. Results from greenhouse experiments revealed that the MO1 and MO2 waterhemp populations were 19 and 9 times more resistant to glyphosate, respectively, than a susceptible waterhemp population. In field experiments, greater than 54% of waterhemp at the MO1 site survived 1.7 kg glyphosate ae ha−1(twice the labeled rate) 6 wk after treatment. Tank-mix combinations of ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides with glyphosate also failed to provide complete control of the waterhemp population at the MO1 site. Collection and screening of seed from individual female waterhemp accessions revealed multiple resistance to glyphosate, ALS-, and PPO-inhibiting herbicides across the MO1 site. All 14 waterhemp accessions collected across the MO1 site exhibited greater than 65% survival to 2× rates of glyphosate and thifensulfuron, and these accessions were spread across a 5-km2(503-ha) area. Four waterhemp accessions collected across a 0.9-km2(87-ha) area also exhibited 26 to 38% survival to 2× rates of lactofen. The results from these experiments provide evidence and confirmation of the first glyphosate-resistant waterhemp population in the United States and reveal that multiple resistance to glyphosate, ALS-, and PPO-inhibiting herbicides can occur in waterhemp.

scholarly journals Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Lowell D. Sandell ◽  
Debalin Sarangi ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Steven Z. Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) common waterhemp has become a significant problem weed in Nebraska and several Midwestern states. Several populations of GR common waterhemp are also resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, making them difficult to control with POST herbicides in GR soybean. Glufosinate-resistant (GFR) soybean is an alternate system for controlling GR common waterhemp, justifying the need for evaluating glufosinate-based herbicide programs. The objectives of this study were to compare POST-only herbicide programs (including one-pass and two-pass POST programs) with PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide programs for control of GR common waterhemp in GFR soybean and their effect on common waterhemp density, biomass, and soybean yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 near Fremont, NE in a grower’s field infested with GR common waterhemp. Glufosinate applied early- and late-POST provided 76% control of GR common waterhemp at 14 d after late-POST (DALPOST) compared with 93% control with a PRE fb POST program when averaged across treatments. The PRE application of chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron plus flumioxazin,S-metolachlor plus fomesafen or metribuzin, saflufenacil plus dimethenamid-P fb glufosinate provided ≥95% control of common waterhemp throughout the growing season, reduced common waterhemp density to ≤2.0 plants m─2, caused ≥94% biomass reduction, and led to 1,984 to 2,210 kg ha─1soybean yield. Averaged across treatments, the PRE fb POST program provided 82% common waterhemp control at soybean harvest, reduced density to 23 plants m─2at 14 DALPOST, and caused 86% biomass reduction and 1,803 kg ha─1soybean yield compared with 77% control, 99 plants m─2, 53% biomass reduction, and 1,190 kg ha─1yield with POST-only program. It is concluded that PRE fb POST programs with multiple effective modes of action are available for control of GR common waterhemp in GFR soybean.

scholarly journals Soybean density and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) establishment time: effects on weed biology, crop yield, and economic returns

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Andy Mauromoustakos ◽  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Budget Analysis

AbstractKnowledge of crop–weed interference effects on weed biology along with yield penalties can be used for the development of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics. Nevertheless, little is known about the beneficial effects of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] density, an important aspect of IWM, on late Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) establishment time. Two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to investigate how various soybean densities and A. palmeri establishment timings in weeks after crop emergence (WAE) affect height, biomass, and seed production of the weed but also crop yield in drill-seeded soybean. Soybean density had a significant impact on dry weight and seed production of A. palmeri that established within the first 2 wk of crop emergence, but not for establishment timings of the weed 4 wk and later in relation to crop emergence. Differential performance of A. palmeri gender was observed, regarding greater biomass production of female than male plants under crop presence, and merits further investigation. Grain yield reductions were recorded at earlier A. palmeri establishment timings (i.e., 0 and 1 WAE) compared with 8 WAE establishment timing in 2014 and 2015. High soybean densities resulted in greater soybean yields compared with low soybean density, but no grain yield benefits were observed between medium and high soybean densities. Crop budget analysis revealed the benefits of moderate seeding rate (i.e., 250, 000 seeds ha−1) increases in comparison to lower (i.e., 125,000 seeds ha−1) or high (i.e., 400,000 seeds ha−1) on crop revenue, net income returns, and breakeven price. Earlier A. palmeri establishment timings (i.e., 0, 1, and 2 WAE) resulted in lower crop revenue and net income returns compared with later establishment timings of the weed.

Influence of variable rates of imazamethabenz and difenzoquat on wild oat (Avena fatua) seed production, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield and profitability

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
R. N. Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Field experiments to investigate the effects of variable imazamethabenz rates on wild oat seed production and wheat yield and profitability were conducted at Lacombe, Lethbridge and Vegreville, Alberta, and Kalispell, Montana, over several years. Similar studies with difenzoquat were conducted at Lacombe and Lethbridge. In most cases, reducing the herbicide rates below those recommended resulted in increases in wild oat seed production, but the potential for returning relatively large amounts of wild oat seed to the soil seedbank depended on the extent of the rate reduction. For example, averaged over locations and years, reducing the rate of imazamethabenz to 75% of the recommended rate resulted in wild oat seed production increasing by 25% compared with an increase of over 100% when the rate was reduced to 50%. Wheat yields and economic returns as functions of rate also varied for both herbicides. It was more economical, in most cases, to apply imazamethabenz at 50 or 75% of the recommended rate compared with the full rate. However, an economic loss occurred in four and three of the 11 location-years when the imazamethabenz rate was reduced to 50 and 75%, respectively, and losses were more severe at the 50% rate. Compared with imazamethabenz, reducing the rate of difenzoquat tended to be more risky in terms of increased wild oat seed production and reduced net economic return. Key words: Reduced herbicide rates

Herbicide Options for Control of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Double-Crop Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall M. Hay ◽  
Douglas E. Shoup ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractDouble-crop soybean after winter wheat is a component of many cropping systems across eastern and central Kansas. Until recently, control of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp has been both easy and economical with the use of sequential applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Many populations of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp have become resistant to glyphosate. During 2015 and 2016, a total of five field experiments were conducted near Manhattan, Hutchinson, and Ottawa, KS, to assess various non-glyphosate herbicide programs at three different application timings for the control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp in double-crop soybean after winter wheat. Spring-POST treatments of pyroxasulfone (119 g ai ha–1) and pendimethalin (1065 g ai ha–1) were applied to winter wheat to evaluate residual control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. Less than 40% control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp was observed in both treatments 2 wk after planting (WAP) double-crop soybean. Preharvest treatments of 2,4-D (561 g ae ha–1) and flumioxazin (107 g ai ha–1) were also applied to the winter wheat to assess control of emerged Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. 2,4-D resulted in highly variable Palmer amaranth and waterhemp control, whereas flumioxazin resulted in control similar to PRE treatments that contained paraquat (841 g ai ha–1) plus residual herbicide(s). Excellent control of both species was observed 2 WAP with a PRE paraquat application; however, reduced control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp was noted 8 WAP due to subsequent emergence. Results indicate that Palmer amaranth and waterhemp control was 85% or greater 8 WAP for PRE treatments that included a combination of paraquat plus residual herbicide(s). PRE treatments that did not include both paraquat and residual herbicide(s) did not provide acceptable control.

Effect of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate, and Herbicide Program in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean on Palmer Amaranth Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holden D. Bell ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Michael Popp
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Control Survival

A field experiment was conducted in Fayetteville, AR, in 2012 and 2013 to determine the influence of soybean row spacing, seeding rate, and herbicide program in glufosinate-resistant soybean on Palmer amaranth control, survival, and seed production; soybean groundcover and grain yield; and economic returns. Soybean groundcover was > 80% by 85 d after soybean planting (DAP) for all row spacing and seeding rates in 2012 and in 2013 all soybean row spacings and soybean seeding rates had achieved > 90% groundcover by 50 DAP. Difference in groundcover between years was due to lack of precipitation in 2012. Palmer amaranth control at 21 DAP was 99 to 100% for both years when a PRE application ofS-metolachlor plus metribuzin was made at planting. At 42 DAP, Palmer amaranth control following PRE-appliedS-metolachlor plus metribuzin was ≥ 98 and ≥ 88% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. When relying on a POST-only herbicide program initiated at 21 DAP, Palmer amaranth control ranged from 52 to 84% across row spacings at 42 DAP. At soybean harvest, Palmer amaranth control was ≥ 95% in 2012 and ≥ 86% in 2013 regardless of row spacing or seeding rate whenS-metolachlor plus metribuzin was applied at planting. Conversely, total-POST programs had no more than 50 and 85% Palmer amaranth control in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In both years, Palmer amaranth density and seed production at soybean harvest were generally lower in the PRE herbicide programs compared to POST-only programs. Use of a PRE herbicide at planting also improved soybean grain yield and economic returns over programs that relied on a POST-only program. Overall, the impacst of soybean row spacing and seeding rate on Palmer amaranth control, density, or seed production were less apparent than the influence of herbicide programs.

scholarly journals Simulating the Response of Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties to Nitrogen Application in Contrasting Environments in the Nigeria Savannas Using the APSIM Model

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Aloysius Beah ◽  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽  
Folorunso M. Akinseye ◽  
Abdullahi I. Tofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties

This paper assessed the application of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM)–maize module as a decision support tool for optimizing nitrogen application to determine yield and net return of maize production under current agricultural practices in the Nigeria savannas. The model was calibrated for two maize varieties using data from field experiments conducted under optimum conditions in three locations during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The model was evaluated using an independent dataset from an experiment conducted under different nitrogen (N) levels in two locations within Southern and Northern Guinea savannas. The results show that model accurately predicted days to 50% anthesis and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield and total dry matter (TDM) of both varieties with low RMSE and RMSEn (%) values within the range of acceptable statistics indices. Based on 31-year seasonal simulation, optimum mean grain yield of 3941 kg ha−1 for Abuja, and 4549 for Kano was simulated at N rate of 120 kg ha–1 for the early maturing variety 2009EVDT. Meanwhile in Zaria, optimum mean yield of 4173 kg ha–1 was simulated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1. For the intermediate maturing variety, IWDC2SYNF2 mean optimum yields of 5152, 5462, and 4849 kg ha−1, were simulated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for all the locations. The probability of exceeding attainable mean grain yield of 3000 and 4000 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT and IWDC2SYNF2, respectively would be expected in 95% of the years with application of 90 kg N ha−1 across the three sites. Following the profitability scenarios analysis, the realistic net incomes of US$ 536 ha–1 for Abuja, and US$ 657 ha−1 for Zaria were estimated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1 and at Kano site, realistic net income of US$ 720 ha–1was estimated at N rate of 120 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT.For IWDC2SYNF2, realistic net incomes of US$ 870, 974, and 818 ha−1 were estimated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for Abuja, Zaria, and Kano respectively. The result of this study suggests that 90 kg N ha−1 can be recommended for 2009EVDT and 120 kg N ha–1 for IWDC2SYNF2 in Abuja and Zaria while in Kano, 120 kg N ha−1 should be applied to both varieties to attain optimum yield and profit.

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