Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Overseeding

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

‘Replay' and ‘JS501’ perennial ryegrass cultivars have been conventionally bred for reduced sensitivity to glyphosate, potentially allowing the herbicide to be used for selective weed control in overseeded bermudagrass. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate optimal glyphosate application rate, regime (single and sequential applications), and timing for annual bluegrass control in bermudagrass overseeded with these cultivars. Additionally, greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the sensitivity to glyphosate of Replay and JS501 to susceptible cultivars ‘Caddy Shack' and ‘Top Gun II' through log-logistic rate-response analysis. In field experiments, only two treatments resulted in > 90% annual bluegrass control and < 25% perennial ryegrass injury. These two treatments were a single application of 280 g ae ha−1glyphosate in January and 140 g ha−1followed by an additional 140 g ha−1applied in January. Perennial ryegrass cultivars were compared using 50% inhibition (I50) values, i.e. 50% visible estimates of injury or 50% reduction in clipping weight.I50values obtained 6 wk after treatment from injury data were 2.56, 2.64, 0.81, and 0.84 g ha−1glyphosate for Replay, JS501, Caddy Shack, and Top Gun II, respectively. Replay and JS501 were similar in sensitivity to glyphosate and were up to four times more tolerant than Caddy Shack and Top Gun II across rating dates and data types.

Mesotrione, Topramezone, and Amicarbazone Combinations for Postemergence Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Aaron J. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Synergistic Increase

Selective annual bluegrass (ABG) control with mesotrione is often inconsistent, and sequential applications might be required for complete control. The complementary nature ofp-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- and photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides is well documented. The HPPD-inhibiting herbicide mesotrione and the PSII-inhibiting herbicide amicarbazone both have efficacy against annual bluegrass and safety on certain cool-season turfgrasses. Topramezone is a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being investigated for use in turfgrass. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine single applications of topramezone and mesotrione alone or in combination with amicarbazone for POST ABG control in spring. In greenhouse experiments, the combination of mesotrione (280 g ai ha−1) and amicarbazone (75 g ai ha−1) controlled ABG 70% by 21 d after treatment, > 29% more than either herbicide applied alone; these combinations were determined to be synergistic. Amicarbazone combined with topramezone (14.5 g ai ha−1) provided < 10% ABG control and was not synergistic. When combined with mesotrione, increasing amicarbazone rate to 150 or 255 g ha−1did not increase ABG control compared to 75 g ha−1in field experiments. Combining mesotrione with amicarbazone resulted in a synergistic increase in POST ABG control at 1 and 2 wk after treatment (WAT). When applied alone or in combination with amicarbazone, increasing the mesotrione rate from 90 to 280 g ha−1increased efficacy on ABG in field experiments. The combination of mesotrione at 280 g ha−1and amicarbazone at 75 g ha−1provided > 90% ABG control in field experiments. Future research should focus on sequential applications of mesotrione–amicarbazone combinations for ABG control in locations where ABG is historically more difficult to control.

Effect of Isoxaben Application Rate and Timing on Residual Broadleaf Weed Control in Turf

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Chandran ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
S. Wayne Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Virginia Beach ◽  
Fall Application

Duration and spectrum of preemergence (PRE) weed control following isoxaben application at 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ai/ha in spring, fall, or spring plus fall (double) application were evaluated by field experiments. Residual activity of isoxaben was assessed by monitoring weed counts at two locations for 12 mo after treatment (MAT). Buckhorn plantain and dandelion control from spring-applied isoxaben at 1.12 kg/ha was > 90% at 4 MAT in Blacksburg but dropped to < 51% at 12 MAT. Isoxaben at 1.12 kg/ha applied in fall provided ≥ 90% control of buckhorn plantain for 8–9 MAT, with control ranging from 69 to 91% at approximately 12 MAT. Dandelion control with fall-applied isoxaben at 1.12 kg/ha ranged from 60 to 75%, 8–9 MAT. Fall application of 1.12 kg/ ha isoxaben at Virginia Beach controlled henbit and cornspeedwell for 2–3 MAT. Multiple applications of isoxaben improved weed control at Virginia Beach, but results were inconclusive at Blacksburg. In comparison, oxadiazon controlled white sweet clover and dandelion for 1 MAT following spring application in Blacksburg, but < 65% broadleaf control was observed at 4 MAT. Broadleaf weed control following single application of oxadiazon at 3.36 kg/ha was < 60% at 9 MAT Poor weed control resulted from spring applications of isoxaben and oxadiazon when a 25-cm precipitation occurred within 2 wk after application in one study.

scholarly journals Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass Reseeding Intervals for Amicarbazone

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Turf managers applying amicarbazone for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control in cool-season turfgrasses may wish to reseed into treated areas. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia and Tennessee to investigate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) reseeding intervals after amicarbazone applications. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cover were reduced similarly (less than 10% from the untreated) by all herbicides applied 2, 4, or 6 weeks before seeding. Bispyribac-sodium at 0.1 kg a.i./ha reduced tall fescue and perennial ryegrass cover more than amicarbazone at 0.1 or 0.2 kg a.i./ha when applied the day of seeding. Applied on the day of seeding in Georgia, amicarbazone at 0.4 kg·ha−1 reduced turf cover of each species similar to bispyribac-sodium; however, this response was not observed in Tennessee. Results suggest tall fescue and perennial ryegrass can be safely seeded the day of amicarbazone applications at 0.1 or 0.2 kg·ha−1, but practitioners may need to wait 2 weeks before seeding these turfgrasses into areas treated with amicarbazone at 0.4 kg·ha−1 or bispyribac-sodium at 0.1 kg a.i./ha.

scholarly journals ‘JS501’ and ‘Replay’ Perennial Ryegrass Glyphosate Tolerance and Rates Required for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Control

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Baldwin ◽  
A. Douglas Brede ◽  
Jami J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Glyphosate Tolerance ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Incorporating the use of glyphosate into a weed management program offers turfgrass managers increased flexibility and cost savings when attempting to control troublesome weeds such as annual bluegrass (ABG) (Poa annua L.). Field trials of glyphosate tolerant perennial ryegrass (PRG) (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, JS501 and Replay, were initiated to determine glyphosate tolerance and rates required for ABG control. In the tolerance trial, glyphosate was applied on 15 Sept. 2010 and 9 Aug. 2011 at rates of 0, 0.29, 0.58, 1.16, 1.74, 2.32, and 3.48 kg·ha−1 a.e. Glufosinate was also applied at 0, 1.68, and 3.37 kg·ha−1 a.i. In the ABG control trial, glyphosate was applied on 17 June followed by 19 Aug. 2009 and 25 June followed by 25 Aug. 2010 at rates of 0, 0.15, 0.29, 0.44, and 0.58 kg·ha−1 a.e. In the tolerance trial, linear regression analysis revealed a glyphosate application rate of 0.81 kg·ha−1 a.e. was required to cause 20% leaf firing. By the end of the trial, the highest rate of glufosinate resulted in nearly complete desiccation of ‘Replay’ PRG. For ABG control, after four glyphosate applications over a 2-year period, a rate of 0.29 kg·ha−1 a.e. or greater resulted in less than 10% ABG. Untreated plots had ≈83% ABG infestation. Discoloration was not noted for either PRG cultivar at any point over the 2-year trial period. Based on the environmental conditions of each trial, results suggest a recommended application rate should be 0.29 kg·ha−1 a.e. during summer months. This rate is sufficient for ABG control and also provides protection in case spray overlap occurs during an application.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Annual Bluegrass with Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua in Bermudagrass

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua has potential as a biological control agent for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and it is being evaluated as a commercial bioherbicide. Field experiments were conducted on dormant `Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] and `Tifway' bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass to determine the effects of two isolates of X. campestris pv. poannua on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control. Annual bluegrass control was 82% on 27 Apr. 1992 after isolate MB 218 was applied to dormant bermudagrass at 109 cfu/ml in three applications on 11 and 28 Feb. and 12 Mar. When isolate MB 245 was applied at the same rate and dates, it controlled only 60% of the annual bluegrass. The response from isolate MB 245 at the same rate and number of applications on 28 Apr. 1993 was similar to that in Apr. 1992, with 64% control on dormant turf and 52% control on overseeded turf. There was no significant advantage in annual bluegrass control when isolate MB 245 was applied at 109 cfu/ml in more than three applications during the fall and winter, compared to three applications on 15 Feb. and 1 and 11 Mar. when ratings were made on 28 Apr. 1993. The control of annual bluegrass in late Apr. 1992 and 1993 from X. campestris applied in three applications (11 and 28 Feb. and 12 Mar. 1992 and 15 Feb. and 1 and 11 Mar. 1993) at 109 cfu/ml was greater than when l08 cfu/ml was applied on the same dates.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Chelated Iron ◽  
Putting Green

Bispyribac-sodium is an efficacious herbicide for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass fairways, but turf tolerance and growth inhibition may be exacerbated by low mowing heights on putting greens. We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to investigate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium. In greenhouse experiments, creeping bentgrass discoloration from bispyribac-sodium was exacerbated by reductions in mowing height from 24 to 3 mm, but mowing height did not influence clipping yields or root weight. In field experiments, discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens was greatest from applications of 37 g/ha every 10 d, compared to 74, 111, or 222 g/ha applied less frequently. Chelated iron effectively reduced discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens from bispyribac-sodium while trinexapac-ethyl inconsistently reduced these effects. Overall, creeping bentgrass putting greens appear more sensitive to bispyribac-sodium than higher mowed turf, but chelated iron and trinexapac-ethyl could reduce discoloration.

scholarly journals Cool-season Turfgrass Response to Bispyribac-Sodium

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fine Fescue

Previous research has demonstrated that bispyribac-sodium can selectively control established annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Annual bluegrass is also a problematic weed in other cool-season turfgrass species. However, the relative tolerance of other cool-season turfgrass species to bispyribac is not known. Field experiments were conducted at Adelphia, N.J., in 2002 and 2003 to gain understanding of the phytotoxic effects that bispyribac may have on kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (L.) Schreb.), and chewings fine fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.). Single applications of bispyribac at 37 to 296 g·ha–1 were applied to mature stands of each species on 11 June, 2002 and 10 June, 2003. Visual injury was evaluated and clippings were collected 35 and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Visual injury at 35 DAT increased as bispyribac rate increased. Kentucky bluegrass was least tolerant to bispyribac with up to 28% injury when applied at 296 g·ha–1. Injury on other species did not exceed 20%. Initial injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue was primarily in the form of chlorosis, while kentucky bluegrass exhibited more severe stunting and thinning symptoms. Bispyribac at rates from 74 to 296 g·ha–1 reduced kentucky bluegrass clipping weights by 19% to 35%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control at 35 DAT in 2002. Initial visual injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue dissipated to ≤5% by 70 DAT. However, recovery of kentucky bluegrass was less complete. These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium has potential to severely injure kentucky bluegrass. Injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue appears to be less severe and persistent; therefore, bispyribac can be used for weed control in these species. Chemical names used: 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid (bispyribac-sodium).

scholarly journals Glyphosate Tolerance of Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars from Fall Applications and at Seedling Growth Stages

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Christian M. Baldwin ◽  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
A. Douglas Brede ◽  
Jami J. Mayer ◽  
R. Golembiewski
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The One ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Response Trial

The use of glyphosate-tolerant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (PRG) cultivars JS501 and Replay provides turfgrass managers a unique option for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) (ABG) control. Both cultivars can tolerate a maximum glyphosate rate of 0.81 kg·ha−1 acid equivalent (a.e.) after establishment under optimal growing temperatures (16 to 24 °C). However, tolerance to applications made immediately after germination and during low air temperatures has received limited investigation. Therefore, objectives of this research were to determine the seedling tolerance and low-temperature response after a fall season glyphosate application to both cultivars. Field trials were conducted in Idaho and Oregon. For the fall application response trial in Idaho, glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.15, 0.29, 0.58, 1.16, 1.74, 2.32, and 3.48 kg·ha−1 a.e. In Oregon, glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.15, 0.29, 0.44, 0.58, 1.16, and 3.48 kg·ha−1 a.e. At both sites, applications were made between late September and early October. To determine seedling tolerance, both cultivars were sprayed with glyphosate at the one-leaf stage (LS), two LS, three LS, or four LS at rates of 0, 0.15, 0.29, and 0.58 kg·ha−1 a.e. Across all trials, ratings included PRG color, cover, and injury. At both trial locations, regression analysis revealed a rate of ≈0.27 kg·ha−1 a.e. was required to cause 20% leaf firing in the fall application response trial. In the seedling tolerance trial, glyphosate applied at 0.58 kg·ha−1 a.e. at the one LS, two LS, and three LS had color ratings 8.0 or greater; however, color ratings dropped to 4.6 when an application was made at the four LS. Based on the environmental conditions of each trial, results suggest glyphosate applications greater than 0.27 kg·ha−1 a.e. as minimum air temperatures approach 0 °C should be avoided. Also, applications should be avoided at the three to four LS if the application rate is greater than 0.29 kg·ha−1 a.e.

Rate response of select grass weeds to pinoxaden

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Peppers ◽  
Clebson G. Gonçalves ◽  
J. Scott McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Spray Rate ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ◽  
Large Crabgrass

AbstractPinoxaden is a POST acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor in the phenylpyrazolin chemical family and is labelled for turfgrass use at broadcast rates of 35.5 to 71 g ai ha−1 and spot spray rates of 156 to 310 g ai ha−1. A greenhouse rate-response study was conducted to characterize the efficacy of pinoxaden against common grassy weeds. Weed species examined in this study were yellow foxtail, southern sandbur, annual bluegrass, roughstalk bluegrass, large crabgrass, dallisgrass, bahiagrass, goosegrass, and perennial ryegrass. Nonlinear regressions were modelled to determine visible injury rates (the application rate at which 50% of the weed species were injured and the 90% [I90] rate) and weight reduction rates (the application rate at which there was a 50% reduction in fresh weight and 90% reduction [WR90]) for each weed species. Only annual bluegrass, bahiagrass, and goosegrass had visible injury I90 values greater than the maximum labelled spot spray rate of 310 g ai ha−1. Annual bluegrass, bahiagrass, southern sandbur, and goosegrass all had WR90 values greater than the maximum labelled spot spray rate of 310 g ai ha−1. Results from this study indicate that the evaluated weed species can be ranked, according to visible injury I90 values, from most to least susceptible: perennial ryegrass > yellow foxtail > dallisgrass > large crabgrass > southern sandbur > roughstalk bluegrass > bahiagrass > goosegrass > annual bluegrass.

Dates of Herbicide Application for Weed Control in Bermudagrass

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Made In

In field studies, herbicides were applied at various times to different plots during the summer and fall at two locations over a 3-year period to control winter weeds in nonoverseeded bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control was higher at Griffin for all herbicide applications made in October when compared with herbicide applications made at the same rate in July, August, or September. At Lawrenceville, optimum annual bluegrass control was obtained when bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide] was applied in August, terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate) applied in either August or September, benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro −2,6 dinitro-p-toluidine) applied in September, pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] applied in either September or October, and simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] applied in October. DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) did not control annual bluegrass satisfactorily at either location, regardless of dates of application. The control of several broadleaf weeds was generally higher when herbicides were applied in October at Griffin and when applied in September or October at Lawrenceville when compared with earlier treatments. Bensulide applied in October was the only herbicide that satisfactorily controlled parsley-piert (Alchemilla microcarpa Boissie Reuter).

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