CHARACTERIZATION OF TRAJECTORY, BREAK POINT, AND BREAK POINT DYNAMICS OF A PLAIN LIQUID JET IN A CROSSFLOW

The present study focuses on experimental characterization of interfacial instability pertinent to liquid jet and liquid sheet in the first wind-induced zone. To accomplish this objective, the interfacial wave growth rate, critical wave number, and breakup frequency associated with air-assisted atomizer systems were extracted by utilizing high-speed flow visualization techniques. For a range of liquid to gas velocities tested, nondimensionalization with appropriate variables generates the corresponding correlation functions. These functions enable to make an effective comparison between interfacial wave developments for liquid jet and sheet configurations. It exhibits liquid sheets superiority over liquid jets in the breakup processes leading to efficient atomization.

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Test Bed for Characterization of Liquid Jet Injection Phenomenon at Augmentor Conditions

42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit ◽

10.2514/6.2006-4569 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christopher Brown ◽

Vincent McDonell ◽

Barry Kiel

Keyword(s):

Liquid Jet ◽

Test Bed ◽

Jet Injection ◽

Liquid Jet Injection

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Experimental Characterization of Liquid Jet Atomization in Mach 6 Crossflow

39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference ◽

10.2514/6.2009-4220 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Davide Masutti ◽

Sonja Bernhardt ◽

Cem Asma ◽

Maria Rosaria Vetrano

Keyword(s):

Liquid Jet ◽

Experimental Characterization ◽

Liquid Jet Atomization

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Subcellular distribution and characterization of acetylcholinesterase activities from sheep platelets: relationships between temperature- dependence and environment

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v76.4.737.bloodjournal764737 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 737-744

Author(s):

J Sanchez-Yague ◽

JA Cabezas ◽

M Llanillo

Keyword(s):

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Break Point ◽

Molecular Forms ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Multiple Molecular Forms ◽

Key Enzyme ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Hill Coefficients ◽

Triton X

Acetylcholinesterase is a key enzyme in cholinergic neurotransmission for hydrolyzing acetylcholine and has been shown to possess arylacylamidase activity in addition to esterase activity. The enzyme is found at various loci, where its functional significance remains to be clarified, and it exists in multiple molecular forms. Sheep platelets have been shown to exhibit acetylcholinesterase activity associated with plasma membrane (Bp), endoplasmic reticulum (Cp), mitochondria granules (Dp), and soluble (As) fractions. These activities show differences in some physicochemical and kinetic properties. The soluble acetylcholinesterase is the most thermostable, and the enzyme from the Cp fractions shows the lowest affinity for the acetylthiocholine substrate and the strongest inhibition by fluoride. In all cases a noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme by this ion is found. When membrane-bound acetylcholinesterases were assayed at temperatures between 12 degrees C and 33 degrees C, the Arrhenius plots of all activities exhibited a break point at about 17 degrees C. This discontinuity was abolished by addition of detergent to the assay medium (0.02% Triton X-100, final concentration). Their Hill coefficients were calculated in the presence of fluoride, showing unitary values in all cases, which points to a noncooperative effect and nonallosteric behavior in the particulate enzyme. These results suggest that the sheep platelet acetylcholinesterase associated with membrane-bound systems is modulated by the physical state of its environment, despite the fact that the enzyme might be lipid- or nonlipid-dependent.

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Experimental Characterization of a Liquid Jet Emanating From An Effervescent Atomizer

Journal of Fluids Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4046007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (6) ◽

Author(s):

V. Sivadas ◽

K. Balaji ◽

Antriksha Vishwakarma ◽

Sundar Ram Manikandan

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Intrinsic Property ◽

Liquid Jet ◽

Experimental Characterization ◽

Jet Breakup ◽

Effervescent Atomizer ◽

Visualization Techniques

Abstract The study focuses on experimental characterization of the primary atomization associated with an effervescent atomizer. Unlike the existing designs available in the literature that inject air perpendicular to the liquid flow direction, the present atomizer design utilizes coflowing air configuration. In doing so, the aerodynamic shear at the liquid–gas interface create instability and enhance the subsequent jet breakup. Both integrated and intrinsic properties of the liquid jet were extracted by utilizing high-speed flow visualization techniques. The integrated property consists of breakup length, while the intrinsic property involves primary and intermediate breakup frequencies. The primary instability is characterized by low-frequency sinusoidal mode, whereas the intermediate instability consists of high-frequency dilatational mode. Dimensionless plots of these parameters with Weber number ratio leads to a better collapse of data, thereby generating appropriate universal functions. The combined diagram of frequencies converge with increasing relative velocity. This may be due to the dominance of energy consuming sinusoidal wave as the aerodynamic shear increases.

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A PROPERTY OF THE HODRICK–PRESCOTT FILTER AND ITS APPLICATION

Econometric Theory ◽

10.1017/s0266466619000331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 840-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Neslihan Sakarya ◽

Robert M. de Jong

Keyword(s):

Business Cycles ◽

Break Point ◽

Small Sample ◽

Asymptotic Results ◽

Deterministic Trend ◽

Cyclical Component ◽

Hp Filter ◽

Polynomial Trends ◽

Weakly Dependent

This article explores a simple property of the Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter: when the HP filter is applied to a series, the cyclical component is equal to the HP-filtered trend of the fourth difference of the series, except for the first and last two observations, for which different formulas are needed. We use this result to derive small sample results and asymptotic results for a fixed smoothing parameter. We first apply this property to analyze the consequences of a deterministic break. We find that the effect of a deterministic break on the cyclical component is asymptotically negligible for the points that are away from the break point, while for the points in the neighborhood of the break point, the effect is not negligible even asymptotically. Second, we apply this property to show that the cyclical component of the HP filter when applied to series that are integrated up to order 2 is weakly dependent, while the situation for series that are integrated up to order 3 or 4 is more subtle. Third, we characterize the behavior of the HP filter when applied to deterministic polynomial trends and show that in the middle of the sample, the cyclical component reduces the order of the polynomial by 4, while the end point behavior is different. Finally, we give a characterization of the HP filter when applied to an exponential deterministic trend, and this characterization shows that the filter is effectively incapable of dealing with a trend that increases this fast. Our results are compared with those of Phillips and Jin (2015, Business cycles, trend elimination, and the HP filter).

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