scholarly journals A PROPERTY OF THE HODRICK–PRESCOTT FILTER AND ITS APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Sakarya ◽  
Robert M. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Asymptotic Results ◽  
Deterministic Trend ◽  
Cyclical Component ◽  
Hp Filter ◽  
Polynomial Trends ◽  
Weakly Dependent

This article explores a simple property of the Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter: when the HP filter is applied to a series, the cyclical component is equal to the HP-filtered trend of the fourth difference of the series, except for the first and last two observations, for which different formulas are needed. We use this result to derive small sample results and asymptotic results for a fixed smoothing parameter. We first apply this property to analyze the consequences of a deterministic break. We find that the effect of a deterministic break on the cyclical component is asymptotically negligible for the points that are away from the break point, while for the points in the neighborhood of the break point, the effect is not negligible even asymptotically. Second, we apply this property to show that the cyclical component of the HP filter when applied to series that are integrated up to order 2 is weakly dependent, while the situation for series that are integrated up to order 3 or 4 is more subtle. Third, we characterize the behavior of the HP filter when applied to deterministic polynomial trends and show that in the middle of the sample, the cyclical component reduces the order of the polynomial by 4, while the end point behavior is different. Finally, we give a characterization of the HP filter when applied to an exponential deterministic trend, and this characterization shows that the filter is effectively incapable of dealing with a trend that increases this fast. Our results are compared with those of Phillips and Jin (2015, Business cycles, trend elimination, and the HP filter).

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Changha Jin ◽  
◽  
Terry V. Grissom ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Price Adjustments ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Cyclical Component ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Arima Modeling ◽  
Hp Filter ◽  
Real Estate Prices ◽  
Residential Market

This paper applies the Hodrck-Prescott (HP) filter to forecast short-term residential real estate prices under cyclical movements. We separate the trend component from the cyclical component. We show that each regional residential market reacts not only to previous price movements, but also that these regional markets react to previous shocks under Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling. Using the S&P Case-Shiller Home Price Index, we compare our forecast to index values from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Housing Futures and Options. Our study identifies possible systematic errors from the different price adjustments reflecting current market situations.

A parametric stationarity test with smooth breaks

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Chuan Tsong ◽  
Cheng-Feng Lee ◽  
Li Ju Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample ◽  
Fourier Component ◽  
Deterministic Trend ◽  
Fisher Hypothesis ◽  
Trend Breaks ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Unknown Form ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Parametric Adjustment ◽  
Smooth Breaks

Abstract We propose a test to investigate the stationarity null against the unit-root alternative where a Fourier component is employed to approximate nonlinear deterministic trend of unknown form. A parametric adjustment is also adopted to accommodate possible stationary error. The asymptotic distribution of the test under the null is derived, and the asymptotic critical values are tabulated. We also show that it is a consistent test. Even with small sample sizes often encountered in empirical applications, our parametric stationarity test employing Fourier term has good size and power properties when trend breaks are gradual. The validity of the Fisher hypothesis for 15 OECD countries is investigated to illustrate the usefulness of our test.

Tribological performance characterization of brake friction materials: What test? What coefficient of friction?

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kchaou ◽  
Amira Sellami ◽  
Jamal Fajoui ◽  
Recai Kus ◽  
Riadh Elleuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Reduced Scale

This article describes and explains the tribological tests and methods for the evaluation of the performance of the brake friction materials. It starts by discussing the particularities of these materials and the variation of characterization tests, which can experimentally simulate many aspects of brake situation but with a large field of tribo-test, from standard to specific protocol. Examples of preparation, procedures, instrumentation, and analysis results for the tribological aspect testing ranging from the scale of vehicle braking performance (by methods including inertia dynamometers, Krauss testing, friction assessment screening test, and Chase testing) to simplified test using reduced-scale prototypes for small-sample friction, are explained. A particular attention is attributed to the discussion of the viability of the friction coefficient report in relation to the material properties and brake compound performance. At the end of this article, the guarantee of the performance output or ranking evaluated by such experimental methods is discussed.

CHARACTERIZATION OF TRAJECTORY, BREAK POINT, AND BREAK POINT DYNAMICS OF A PLAIN LIQUID JET IN A CROSSFLOW

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
U. M. Mondragon ◽  
C. T. Brown ◽  
Vincent G. McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Break Point ◽  
Liquid Jet

scholarly journals Characterization of Thermophysical Properties of Phase Change Materials Using Unconventional Experimental Technologies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4687
Author(s):  
Arnold Martínez ◽  
Mauricio Carmona ◽  
Cristóbal Cortés ◽  
Inmaculada Arauzo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Inhomogeneous Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

The growing interest in developing applications for the storage of thermal energy (TES) is highly linked to the knowledge of the properties of the materials that will be used for that purpose. Likewise, the validity of representing processes through numerical simulations will depend on the accuracy of the thermal properties of the materials. The most relevant properties in the characterization of phase change materials (PCM) are the phase change enthalpy, thermal conductivity, heat capacity and density. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most widely used technique for determining thermophysical properties. However, several unconventional methods have been proposed in the literature, mainly due to overcome the limitations of DSC, namely, the small sample required which is unsuitable for studying inhomogeneous materials. This paper presents the characterization of two commercial paraffins commonly used in TES applications, using methods such as T-history and T-melting, which were selected due to their simplicity, high reproducibility, and low cost of implementation. In order to evaluate the reliability of the methods, values calculated with the proposed alternative methods are compared with the results obtained by DSC measurements and with the manufacturer’s technical datasheet. Results obtained show that these non-conventional techniques can be used for the accurate estimation of selected thermal properties. A detailed discussion of the advantage and disadvantage of each method is given.

scholarly journals WASP-180Ab: Doppler tomography of a hot Jupiter orbiting the primary star in a visual binary

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 2467-2474
Author(s):  
L Y Temple ◽  
C Hellier ◽  
D R Anderson ◽  
K Barkaoui ◽  
F Bouchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Primary Star ◽  
Doppler Tomography ◽  
Companion Star ◽  
Hot Jupiters ◽  
Rotational Modulation ◽  
Hot Jupiter

ABSTRACT We report the discovery and characterization of WASP-180Ab, a hot Jupiter confirmed by the detection of its Doppler shadow and by measuring its mass using radial velocities. We find the 0.9  ±  0.1 MJup, 1.24  ±  0.04 RJup planet to be in a misaligned, retrograde orbit around an F7 star with Teff  =  6500 K and a moderate rotation speed of vsin i⋆  =  19.9 km s−1. The host star is the primary of a V  =  10.7 binary, where a secondary separated by ∼5 arcsec (∼1200 au) contributes ∼ 30 per cent of the light. WASP-180Ab therefore adds to a small sample of transiting hot Jupiters known in binary systems. A 4.6-d modulation seen in the WASP data is likely to be the rotational modulation of the companion star, WASP-180B.

Distribution of nitrogen in goats' milk and use of capillary electrophoresis to determine casein fractions

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIA GARCÍA-RUIZ ◽  
ROSINA LÓPEZ-FANDIÑO ◽  
LUCIDIA LOZADA ◽  
JAVIER FONTECHA ◽  
MARÍA J. FRAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Very High

The last few years have seen a number of advances in the understanding of genetic polymorphisms of caprine caseins, and especially in molecular characterization of the allelic variants and analysis of their frequencies in Spanish and other breeds (Grosclaude et al. 1994; Jordana et al. 1996). Although more is being discovered about the influence of these polymorphisms on the yield and characteristics of cheeses (Remeuf, 1993; Pirisi et al. 1994), little work has been done on the quantitation of different casein fractions of goats' milk throughout lactation. Measurements have been made using SDS-PAGE (Quiles et al. 1990) and cation- exchange FPLC (Brown et al. 1995), and Recio et al. (1997a) have demonstrated the potential of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis and quantitation of milk proteins. Use of CE has resulted in the development of rapid automated analysis with very high resolution, requiring very small sample and buffer volumes and with a significantly reduced amount of solvent waste.The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of herd and milking period on the contents of the various nitrogen and casein fractions, the latter being determined by CE, in milk from goats of the Murciana-Granadina breed.

A nonparametric version of Wilks’ lambda—Asymptotic results and small sample approximations

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxu Liu ◽  
Arne C. Bathke ◽  
Solomon W. Harrar
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample ◽  
Asymptotic Results ◽  
Wilks Lambda

scholarly journals Subcellular distribution and characterization of acetylcholinesterase activities from sheep platelets: relationships between temperature- dependence and environment

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744
Author(s):  
J Sanchez-Yague ◽  
JA Cabezas ◽  
M Llanillo
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Multiple Molecular Forms ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Hill Coefficients ◽  
Triton X

Acetylcholinesterase is a key enzyme in cholinergic neurotransmission for hydrolyzing acetylcholine and has been shown to possess arylacylamidase activity in addition to esterase activity. The enzyme is found at various loci, where its functional significance remains to be clarified, and it exists in multiple molecular forms. Sheep platelets have been shown to exhibit acetylcholinesterase activity associated with plasma membrane (Bp), endoplasmic reticulum (Cp), mitochondria granules (Dp), and soluble (As) fractions. These activities show differences in some physicochemical and kinetic properties. The soluble acetylcholinesterase is the most thermostable, and the enzyme from the Cp fractions shows the lowest affinity for the acetylthiocholine substrate and the strongest inhibition by fluoride. In all cases a noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme by this ion is found. When membrane-bound acetylcholinesterases were assayed at temperatures between 12 degrees C and 33 degrees C, the Arrhenius plots of all activities exhibited a break point at about 17 degrees C. This discontinuity was abolished by addition of detergent to the assay medium (0.02% Triton X-100, final concentration). Their Hill coefficients were calculated in the presence of fluoride, showing unitary values in all cases, which points to a noncooperative effect and nonallosteric behavior in the particulate enzyme. These results suggest that the sheep platelet acetylcholinesterase associated with membrane-bound systems is modulated by the physical state of its environment, despite the fact that the enzyme might be lipid- or nonlipid-dependent.

scholarly journals The Discovery of Twenty-Eight New Encapsulin Sequences, Including Three in Anammox Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Tracey ◽  
Maricela Coronado ◽  
Tobias W. Giessen ◽  
Maggie C. Y. Lau ◽  
Pamela A. Silver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Cargo Protein

AbstractMany prokaryotes encode protein-based encapsulin nanocompartments, including anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria. This study expands the list of known anammox encapsulin systems from freshwater species to include the marine genus Scalindua. Two novel systems, identified in “Candidatus Scalindua rubra” and “Candidatus Scalindua sp. SCAELEC01 167” possess different architectures than previously studied freshwater anammox encapsulins. Characterization of the S. rubra encapsulin confirms that it can self-assemble to form compartments when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. BLASTp and HMMER searches of additional genomes and metagenomes spanning a range of environments returned 26 additional novel encapsulins, including a freshwater anammox encapsulin identified in “Candidatus Brocadia caroliniensis”. Phylogenetic analysis comparing these 28 new encapsulin sequences and cargo to that of their closest known relatives shows that encapsulins cluster by cargo protein type and therefore likely evolved together. Lastly, prokaryotic encapsulins may be more common and diverse than previously thought. Through searching a small sample size of all public metagenomes and genomes, many new encapsulin systems were unearthed by this study. This suggests that many additional encapsulins likely remain to be discovered.

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