Macrozoobenthos as an Indicator in Monitoring of the Environmental Quality of the Black Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
G. V. Losovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
The Black Sea

Characterization ofRapana thomasianaas an indicator of environmental quality of the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Namiesnik ◽  
Piotr Szefer ◽  
Snejana Moncheva ◽  
Kyung-Sik Ham ◽  
Seong-Gook Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Earth Observation products  for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilaure Grégoire ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Ocean Colour ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Mesoscale Dynamics

<p>The Black Sea is a small enclosed basin where coastal regions have a large influence and mesoscale signals dominate the dynamics (the Rossby radius of deformation is about 20km). Large riverine inputs, mainly on the northwestern shelf, induce well-marked horizontal gradients in the distribution of the Black Sea salinity and optical characteristics: coastal and shelf waters have very low salinity and contain large amounts of optically active materials (e.g. coloured dissolved organic matter) and its oligotrophic deep sea has a salinity around 18.2. The presence of these contrasting water characteristics in a relatively small enclosed environment, combined with land contamination and the specificities of its atmospheric composition(e.g. high cloud coverage, aerosols) make the Black Sea a challenging area for the development of high quality satellite products. </p><p> </p><p>We present first results from a 2-year on-going ESA-funded project, EO4SIBS (Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea) dedicated to the development, and subsequent scientific analysis, of new algorithms and products. In particular, ocean colour products (chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter concentrations, turbidity) were produced from Sentinel 3 (S3) OLCI data combining different algorithms selected based on an automatic water mass classification procedure (case-1 versus case-2 waters). In specific areas, S3-OLCI and Sentinel 2-MSI data were merged to address local features. A revised gridded altimetry product based on 5-Hz along track data (combining Cryosat and S3 SAR) was produced and validated in the coastal zone with tide gauge data. Sea Surface Salinity was derived from the L-Band measured by SMOS and compared with in-situ surface salinity data from field sampling and Argo. </p><p> </p><p>All these products are now being integrated to further understand the Black Sea physical and biogeochemical functioning (e.g., plume and productivity patterns, mesoscale dynamics, deoxygenation). For instance, the Black Sea mesoscale dynamics are inferred from the 5-Hz altimetry product using an eddy detection and tracking algorithm. The quality of the eddy mapping is assessed by comparison with visible and infrared satellite products while the derived velocities are compared with drifters. Also, the benefit of assimilating ocean colour data in the Black Sea operational model (also known as CMEMS BS-MFC BIO) for the prediction of the Black Sea ecosystem will  be illustrated.</p><p> </p><p>Gridded products are archived as CF-compliant NetCDF files and disseminated through ncWMS protocol. In-situ data are modeled as vector points in a PostGIS database. A web portal is being implemented in order to propose an efficient spatiotemporal exploration of both data sources in a user-friendly interface, including interactive map layers and export possibilities.</p><p> </p><p>We conclude with a set of recommendations for observational requirements needed  to increase the quality of satellite products in the Black Sea and to be able to use the full potential of current and new information provided by  satellites. </p><p> </p>

IMPROVEMENT OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF FAT FROM THE LIVER OF THE BLACK SEA SHARK-KATRAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. ИВАНОВА ◽  
Е.А. ДУБИНЕЦ ◽  
А.Л. БОЧАРОВА-ЛЕСКИНА
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Для стабилизации показателя биологической эффективности исследована возможность повышения количества полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) за счет снижения количества насыщенных жирных кислот (НЖК) в жирнокислотном составе жира из печени черноморской акулы-катрана в летний период вылова (с мая по октябрь). С целью повышения содержания омега-3 ПНЖК в продукте применен способ винтеризации. Кристаллизацию жира из печени акулы-катрана проводили в специальном охладителе при температуре от 0 до –5°С. Во время охлаждения жир медленно перемешивали (скорость вращения мешалки 20–25 об/мин) для равномерного охлаждения по всему объему. Полная кристаллизация НЖК при этих условиях проходила за 5–6 ч. Охлажденный жир немедленно направляли на осадительную центрифугу. В качестве параметров оптимизации процесса были выбраны: качество жира – прозрачность при температуре 15°С и степень ненасыщенности – йодное число жира. Установлено, что факторами, существенно влияющими на йодное число и органолептические показатели жира, являются: температура охлажденного жира, продолжительность центрифугирования, число оборотов барабана центрифуги. Для моделирования значений йодного числа и органолептического показателя в области изменения указанных факторов применена схема полного факторного двухуровневого эксперимента, в результате которого определены натуральные значения факторов, отвечающие наилучшему значению показателя качества жира: температура охлаждения жира –4°С, продолжительность центрифугирования 30 мин, частота вращения барабана центрифуги 6000 об/мин. Общая ненасыщенность жидкой фракции возросла с 122,2–138,0 до 131,0–145,0% йодного числа жира. Полученный очищенный жир был прозрачен, имел светло-желтый цвет, низкие значения кислотного и перекисного чисел. Содержание ПНЖК в полученном продукте увеличилось на 10–30%. Содержание неомыляемых веществ в нем, в том числе биологически активных веществ алкилглицеролов, при этом не снизилось. Биологическая эффективность жира увеличилась с 0,6 до 0,9. To stabilize the increased biological effectiveness the possibility of increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by reducing the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the fatty acid composition of fat from the liver of the black sea shark-katran in the summer fishing period (May – October) is investigated. With the aim of increasing the content of omega-3 PUFA in the product method of winterization was applied. Crystallization of fat from the liver of sharks-katran dogfish was conducted in a special chiller with temperature from 0 to –5°C. During cooling, the fat is slowly stirred (speed of rotation of the mixer 20–25 rpm) for uniform cooling throughout. Full crystallization of SFA under these conditions was held for 5–6 h. The cooled fat was immediately sent to precipitating in the centrifuge. Quality of fat – transparency at a temperature of 15°C and unsaturation – iodine number of fat was selected as the optimization parameters of the process. It is established that: the temperature of the refrigerated fat, the duration of centrifugation, the number of drum rotations of the centrifuge are factors that significantly affect the iodine number and the organoleptic indicators of fat. Scheme two-level full factorial experiment was applied for modeling the values of iodine number and organoleptic indicator in changing these factors. Natural values of factors corresponding to the best value of indicator of the quality of the fat: temperature of cooling fat –4°C, duration of centrifugation 30 min, and the speed of rotation of the drum centrifuge 6000 rpm were determined in the experiment. The result of this treatment, the total unsaturation of the liquid fraction increased from 122,2–138,0 up to 131,0–145,0% of iodine number. The purified obtained fat was transparent, had a light yellow color, low acid value and peroxide values. In the obtained product the content of PUFA increased by 10–30%. The content of unsaponifiables in it, including biologically active substances alkylglycerols, was not decreased. The biological effectiveness of fat increased from 0,6 to 0,9.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE MARINE MICROALGAE CULTURES AS AN INDICATOR OF THE WATER POLLUTION LEVEL OF THE SEVASTOPOL BAY

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
L.V. Stelmakh ◽  
◽  
I.M. Mansurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation

The possibility of using cultures of Black Sea planktonic microalgae of different taxonomic affiliation to assess the quality of the aquatic environment based on the assessment of their functional state is shown. The research was carried out on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, three dinoflagellates species Prorocentrum cordatum, Prorocentrum pusillum and Gyrodinium fissum, as well as the coccolithopho-ride Emiliania huxleyi. It was found that the waters of the Sevastopol Bay in the period from May to August 2021 in 50% of cases had a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested species. In other cases, algae growth was either stimulated or the effect of pollution on cultures was not revealed. The need for using several types of algae in carrying out complex work on water biotesting of the coastal are-as of the Black Sea is highlighted.

scholarly journals Mean dynamic topography of the black sea, computed from altimetry, drifters measurements and hydrology data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 701-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kubryakov ◽  
S. V. Stanichny
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Mean Dynamic Topography ◽  
Sea Level Anomalies ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Geostrophic Velocities ◽  
Mesoscale Processes

Abstract. Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is a crucial parameter for estimating dynamic topography, and, therefore, geostrophic circulation from satellite altimetry Sea Level Anomalies (SLA). In this work we use drifting buoy measurements, hydrographic profiles and SLA to reconstruct MDT of the Black Sea by "synthetic" method. Obtained mean dynamic topography shows higher gradients of sea level and resolves a lot of mesoscale processes in comparison to previous works, mostly based on climatic hydrological measurements. Verification of dynamic topography determined by altimetry SLA and estimated MDT, with independent dynamic heights and drifter buoy velocities shows good quantitative and qualitative coincidence for all Black Sea basin and improvements compare to previous fields of MDT. New MDT for the Black Sea will improve quality of altimetry derived geostrophic velocities for better understanding of the spatial and temporal features of the upper layer dynamics.

Impact of Bulgarian rivers on heavy metal pollution of the Black Sea

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
G. A. Mirinchev ◽  
Tz. V. Tzankov ◽  
I. S. Kostova ◽  
M. G. Mirincheva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

In the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea coast there are seventeen rivers and three lakes which contribute to the pollution and eutrophication of the Black Sea. The hydrophysical and hydrological characteristics of these rivers are described. The variation in the concentration of heavy metals during recent years (data up to 1996) has been determined. The total annual quantity of some pollutants and their percentage distribution are presented. Conclusions are made based on the variation of water quality of the rivers and their impact on the heavy metal pollution of the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Quality of the water received from air by means of conditioners

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
K. Kormosh
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
To Receive

For the recreational zone located in the Odessa region along the coast of the Black Sea it is expedient to use (as an additional source of water supply) the water received from air. It is shown that it is possible to receive water from air by means of conditioners which it is much placed on recreation facilities and sanatoria. As water from air may contain various dissolved substances, it is necessary to investigate its quality. It is important to know it for development of technology of water treatment. Results of research of quality of water of two types are presented. Samples are received under different service conditions of conditioners. In samples indicators of epidemic safety, and also sanitary and chemical indicators of safety and quality of the water received from air are defined.

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