Hepatoprotective Activity and the Mechanisms of Action of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. (Ling Zhi, Reishi Mushroom) (Aphyllophoromycetideae) (Review)

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihuai Gao ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
Zhi-Bin Lin ◽  
Shufeng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

scholarly journals PK/PD Modeling of the PDE7 Inhibitor—GRMS-55 in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Artur Świerczek ◽  
Hanna Plutecka ◽  
Marietta Ślusarczyk ◽  
Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa ◽  
Elżbieta Wyska
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Disease Progression Model ◽  
Time Courses

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and explore the mechanisms of action of a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE)7A and a moderate PDE4B inhibitor GRMS-55 in a mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The concentrations of GRMS-55 and relevant biomarkers were measured in the serum of BALB/c mice with concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis administered with GRMS-55 at two dose levels. A semi-mechanistic PK/PD/disease progression model describing the time courses of measured biomarkers was developed. The emetogenicity as a potential side effect of the studied compound was evaluated in the α2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced anesthesia model. The results indicate that liver damage observed in mice challenged with ConA was mainly mediated by TNF-α and IFN-γ. GRMS-55 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and the transaminase activities in the serum of mice with AIH. The anti-inflammatory properties of GRMS-55, resulting mainly from PDE7A inhibition, led to a high hepatoprotective activity in mice with AIH, which was mediated by an inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling. GRMS-55 did not induce the emetic-like behavior. The developed PK/PD/disease progression model may be used in future studies to assess the potency and explore the mechanisms of action of new investigational compounds for the treatment of AIH.

scholarly journals Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum

2022 ◽  
pp. 100204
Author(s):  
Shaodan Chen ◽  
Xiaoying Guan ◽  
Tianqiao Yong ◽  
Xiong Gao ◽  
Chun Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on Paracetamol-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase

The effect of Ganoderma lucidum in paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity was investigated on Wistar rats in the present study. Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of paracetamol (500 mg/kg of body weight) for 7 consecutive days. The extent of liver damage was studied by assessing biochemical parameters comprising of plasma aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB) and total plasma total protein (TP). Oral administration of paracetamol significantly increased the plasma levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH with concomitant decrease of TP. The feeding of G. lucidum (1% powder with basal food) significantly reversed the plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and TP nearly to those of the normal rats. Thus, the results of the present demonstrate that the G. lucidum has significant hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Kao ◽  
Amalini C. Jesuthasan ◽  
Karen S. Bishop ◽  
Marcus P. Glucina ◽  
Lynnette R. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Agent

Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy. The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords “Ganoderma” and “cancer” was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper. We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma’s bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, cancer, bioactive pathways, triterpene, polysaccharide

Case Formulation and Design of Behavioral Treatment Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Haynes ◽  
Andrew E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Causal Variables

Summary: We review the rationale for behavioral clinical case formulations and emphasize the role of the functional analysis in the design of individualized treatments. Standardized treatments may not be optimally effective for clients who have multiple behavior problems. These problems can affect each other in complex ways and each behavior problem can be influenced by multiple, interacting causal variables. The mechanisms of action of standardized treatments may not always address the most important causal variables for a client's behavior problems. The functional analysis integrates judgments about the client's behavior problems, important causal variables, and functional relations among variables. The functional analysis aids treatment decisions by helping the clinician estimate the relative magnitude of effect of each causal variable on the client's behavior problems, so that the most effective treatments can be selected. The parameters of, and issues associated with, a functional analysis and Functional Analytic Clinical Case Models (FACCM) are illustrated with a clinical case. The task of selecting the best treatment for a client is complicated because treatments differ in their level of specificity and have unequally weighted mechanisms of action. Further, a treatment's mechanism of action is often unknown.

Enkephalin influences on behavioral and neural plasticity: Mechanisms of action.

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe L. Martinez ◽  
Patricia H. Janak ◽  
Susan B. Weinberger ◽  
Gery Schulteis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action
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