This paper presents a fundamental study into the underlying mechanisms influencing heat transfer during condensation on enhanced surfaces. New experimental data are reported for condensation of ethylene glycol at near atmospheric pressure and low velocity on 11 different 3-dimensional pin-fin tubes tested individually. Enhancements of the vapor-side, heat-transfer coefficients were found between 3 and 5.5 when compared to a plain tube at the same vapor-side temperature difference. Heat-transfer enhancement was found to be strongly dependent on the active surface area of the tubes, i.e., on the surface area of the parts of the tube and pin surface not covered by condensate retained by surface tension. For all the tubes, vapor-side, heat-transfer enhancements were found to be approximately twice the corresponding active-area enhancements. The best performing pin-fin tube gave a heat-transfer enhancement of 5.5; 17% higher than obtained from “optimised” two-dimensional fin-tubes reported in the literature and about 24% higher than the “equivalent” two-dimensional integral-fin tube (i.e., with the same fin-root diameter, longitudinal fin spacing and thickness, and fin height). The effects of surface area and surface tension induced enhancement and retention are discussed in the light of the new data and those of previous investigations.
Heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids (MnFe2O4-ethylene glycol) in mini heat exchanger shell and tube