Changes in area of shallow siliciclastic marine habitat in response to sediment deposition: implications for onshore-offshore paleobiologic patterns

Paleobiology ◽  
10.1666/12053 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Holland ◽  
Max Christie
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Water Region ◽  
Shallow Water Region

Models presented here of shallow-marine siliciclastic deposition show that the widths of depth-defined regions differ markedly in response to sea-level change. These models add to recent studies that have emphasized the highly specific response of habitat area to sea-level change. Collectively, these studies indicate that a particular bathymetric zone on a particular margin may vary substantially in area during a sea-level change, while other such zones and margins may experience little or even opposite responses. In the models presented here, intermediate-depth and deep-water regions tend to show sinusoidal variations in width, with widening during relative falls in sea level and narrowing during relative rises. The shallow-water region displays markedly non-sinusoidal change and is consistently characterized by abrupt widening at the beginning of the highstand systems tract and an equally abrupt narrowing at the onset of sea-level fall at the beginning of the falling-stage systems tract. These onshore-offshore differences in how width and area change with sea level may explain why taxa in shallow-water settings tend to be more abundant, eurytopic, and widespread than those in deeper-water settings. Likewise, these models suggest that the evolution of novelty in nearshore habitats may be a response to wide variation in shallow-marine area during sea-level change.

Sea level change and the area of shallow-marine habitat: implications for marine biodiversity

Paleobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Habitat Area ◽  
And Sea Level

Analysis of a global elevation database to measure changes in shallow-marine habitat area as a function of sea level reveals an unexpectedly complicated relationship. In contrast to prevailing views, sea level rise does not consistently generate an increase in shelf area, nor does sea level fall consistently reduce shelf area. Different depth-defined habitats on the same margin will experience different changes in area for the same sea level change, and different margins will likewise experience different changes in area for the same sea level change. Simple forward models incorporating a species-area relationship suggest that the diversity response to sea level change will be largely idiosyncratic. The change in habitat area is highly dependent on the starting position of sea level, the amount and direction of sea level change, and the habitat and region in question. Such an idiosyncratic relationship between diversity and sea level reconciles the widespread evidence from the fossil record for a link between diversity and sea level change with the lack of quantitative support for such a relationship throughout the Phanerozoic.

Obliquity-dominated glacio-eustatic sea level change in the early Oligocene: evidence from the shallow marine siliciclastic Rupelian stratotype (Boom Formation, Belgium)

Terra Nova ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemmo A. Abels ◽  
Stefaan Van Simaeys ◽  
Frits J. Hilgen ◽  
Ellen De Man ◽  
Noël Vandenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Early Oligocene

scholarly journals PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION FROM BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES OF EARLY HOLOCENE, SHALLOW MARINE DEPOSITS IN GOMBONG, CENTRAL JAVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Luli Gustiantini ◽  
Kresna Tri Dewi ◽  
Anne Muller ◽  
Praptisih Praptisih
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
The Core ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Changes ◽  
Central Java

A 30m-long sediment core covering the Holocene period was taken from the area of Gombong in the southern part of Central Java. The sediments were deposited in a shallow marine to lagoonal environment that was confirmed by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii along the core intervals. In addition, the species Quinqueloculina poeyana, Miliolinella lakemacquariensis, and Miliolinella subrotunda were also found in the sediments that are typical of normal shallow marine conditions. The decrease and increase in the abundance of these species throughout the core is an expression of sea level change in the area, which results the environmental changes. Low sea level is expressed by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii, and the low abundances or absence of the other three species. In contrast, high sea level stands are reflected by the presence of all four species. The high sea level would imply favorable conditions for benthic foraminifera because it would result in normal shallow marine conditions in the area. Finally, from this benthic assemblages study, it can be assumed that the environmental transformation from the originally shallow marine environment into land was occurred at level 5.5m depths of the sediment core, when all benthic foraminifera were terminated, including Ammonia beccarii. These new results from the shallow marine deposits in the Gombong area are a new contribution to the understanding of paleoenvironmental change in the region, which in turn is important for understanding sea level change as well as climate change in the region. Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, Holocene, paleoenvironmental changes, sea level changes Southcoast of Central Java Sebuah percontoh sedimen bor sepanjang 30m yang berumur Holosen diambil dari daerah Gombong, bagian selatan Jawa Tengah. Percontoh sedimen diendapkan pada lingkungan laut dangkal –laguna, berdasarkan kelimpahan foraminifera bentik Ammonia beccarii di sepanjang sedimen bor. Selain itu ditemukan juga spesies-spesies Quinqueloculina poeyana, Miliolinella lakemacquariensis, dan Miliolinella subrotunda, yang merupakan penciri lingkungan laut dangkal dengan kondisi normal. Penurunan dan kenaikan dari kelimpahan masing-masing spesies foraminifera bentik di atas, dapat mencerminkan perubahan permukaan air laut daerah studi, yang menghasilkan terjadinya perubahan lingkungan. Penurunan muka air laut dapat dicirikan dengan hadirnya Ammonia beccarii yang sangat dominan, sementara spesies lainnya cenderung berkurang bahkan hampir tidak ada. Sebaliknya ketika muka air laut naik, maka keempat spesies foraminifera tersebut cenderung hadir dengan jumlah yang seimbang satu sama lainnya. Kenaikan muka air laut akan menghasilkan lingkungan laut normal yang merupakan kondisi ideal bagi foraminifera. Akhirnya, dari kajian perubahan kelimpahan foraminifera bentik ini, dapat diperkirakan bahwa pada level kedalaman bor 5,5m, terjadi perubahan lingkungan dari lingkungan laut dangkal-laguna menjadi daratan, yang ditandai dengan musnahnya semua jenis foraminifera bentik, termasuk Ammonia beccarii. HAsil kajian ini merupakan kontribusi baru untuk mempelajari perubahan lingkungan pada lokasi penelitian, terutama penting untuk lebih mengerti mengenai perubahan muka air laut dan perubahan iklim. Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, Holocene, paleoenvironmental changes, sea level changes

The sea-level signal in Pleistocene shallow-marine records – examples from carbonate and siliciclastic sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mauz ◽  
Zhixiong Shen ◽  
Natasha Barlow ◽  
David Hodgson ◽  
Colin Woodroffe
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Stratigraphic Architecture

<p>It is generally accepted that sea-level change represents the most important boundary condition that controls stratigraphic architecture in the shallow-marine area and further downdip. The shallow-marine stratigraphic body is then a result of the changing ratio between sediment supply and accommodation space with a range of local (autogenic) processes interplaying with the eustatic (allogenic) sea level. Extracting the sea-level signal from this interplay is typically approached through rigorous interpretation of the indicative meaning of relevant sea-level markers and through comparison with the most appropriate glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) model. The latter comparison is insightful for the last glacial period, but for the Pleistocene it suffers from the dilemma that the GIA contribution to sea-level change cannot be predicted for a specific location unless the ice history is known but this is what the shallow-marine record is trying to reconstruct.</p><p>Here we aim for Pleistocene sea-level reconstructions that are largely independent of GIA predictions. For this we present Pleistocene shallow-marine records from high-, mid- and low-latitudinal settings. The presentation focuses on four aspects: type and quality of the data (e.g. outcrop, borehole, etc), preservation of the record, separation of allogenic versus autogenic signal and completeness of the eustatic cycle.</p><p>We show that in siliciclastic systems the preservation depends on sediment supply and on the coastal energy with which ravinement and regression surfaces obliterate the stratigraphic record. Separating autogenic from allogenic signals depends very much on data quality and the ability to reconstruct the antecedent topography. None of our records show a complete eustatic cycle from lowstand to highstand and back to lowstand where the missing part of the cycle seems to be indicative for the type of shallow-marine record and its location on earth.</p><p>We discuss reasons and implications of our findings and emphasise the need for far greater consideration of stratigraphic architecture, carbonate facies and facies correlation.</p>

Eifelian–Givetian (Middle Devonian) high-paleolatitude storm- and wave-dominated shallow-marine depositional systems from the Bidouw Subgroup (Bokkeveld Group) of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1140-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron R. Penn-Clarke ◽  
Bruce S. Rubidge ◽  
Zubair A. Jinnah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Depositional Systems

ABSTRACT The sedimentology of the Eifelian–Givetian (Middle Devonian) Bidouw Subgroup in the Clanwilliam Sub-basin of South Africa has been reassessed. Four distinct lithofacies associations are recognized (A–D) and are representative of the deposits of offshore (Os), offshore transition zone to distal lower shoreface (OTZ-dLSF), proximal lower shoreface (pLSF), and upper shoreface–beach (USF-Beach) paleoenvironments. These paleoenvironments are arranged as several T-R-controlled storm- and wave-dominated shallow-marine depositional systems. The presence of storm- and wave-dominated shallow-marine depositional systems in the Bidouw Subgroup, as well as the preceding Emsian–Eifelian (Early–Middle Devonian) Ceres Subgroup provides an alternative explanation to storm- and wave-dominated delta and mixed wave- and-tide-dominated delta models that have previously been proposed for the Bokkeveld Group. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the Bidouw Subgroup suggests that although sedimentation occurred during two large-scale second-order transgressive events, the succession was predominantly regressive. Third-order and fourth-order transgressive–regressive (T-R) sequences are more numerous with respect to the preceding Ceres Subgroup, suggesting that the driver for T-R cyclicity and relative sea-level change was more active during the Eifelian–Givetian than in the Emsian–Eifelian of South Africa. These data are important since relative sea-level change and its effects on paleoenvironmental change at high paleolatitudes during the Devonian Period are poorly known.

Phanerozoic Oxygen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Eugene Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Level Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geologic Processes

This chapter discusses the modeling of the history of atmospheric oxygen. The most recently deposited sediments will also be the most prone to weathering through processes like sea-level change or uplift of the land. Thus, through rapid recycling, high rates of oxygen production through the burial of organic-rich sediments will quickly lead to high rates of oxygen consumption through the exposure of these organic-rich sediments to weathering. From a modeling perspective, rapid recycling helps to dampen oxygen changes. This is important because the fluxes of oxygen through the atmosphere during organic carbon and pyrite burial, and by weathering, are huge compared to the relatively small amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere. Thus, all of the oxygen in the present atmosphere is cycled through geologic processes of oxygen liberation (organic carbon and pyrite burial) and consumption (weathering) on a time scale of about 2 to 3 million years.

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