THE HYPOPHYSIAL CONTROL OF THE X-RAY STERILIZED OVARY

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. INGRAM ◽  
ANITA M. MANDL
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
X Irradiation

SUMMARY Adult rats which had been previously sterilized by means of X-rays were hypophysectomized a fortnight after the onset of continuous vaginal cornification (which begins within 40 days of X-irradiation [Mandl & Zuckerman, 1956]). The animals, including non-irradiated hypophysectomized controls, were killed at periods of 5–70 days after hypophysectomy. Cornified cells disappeared from the vaginal smear of non-irradiated rats within 3, and of irradiated rats within 4 days after hypophysectomy. The ovaries involuted rapidly in both groups of animals. Stromal cells decreased in size and post-hypophysectomy 'deficiency cells' appeared. On the other hand, the rate of uterine involution was slower in the X-irradiated animals after hypophysectomy than in the non-irradiated hypophysectomized controls. This finding indicates that in the absence of the pituitary, the X-irradiated ovary can produce more oestrogen than a non-irradiated ovary, or that the oestrogen it produces is biologically more active. After treatment with gonadotrophin, the 'deficiency cells' in the ovaries of both groups of animals disappeared. The X-irradiated hypophysectomized animals responded to the gonadotrophin less vigorously (as judged by an increase in ovarian and uterine size) than did the hypophysectomized controls.

scholarly journals On the interpretation of X-ray, single crystal, rotation photographs

1926 ◽  
Vol 113 (763) ◽  
pp. 117-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Method ◽  
Convenient Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Laue Method

In the development of the study of crystals by X-rays the methods used divide themselves naturally into four types : the Bragg Ionisation Spectrometer method, the Laue method, the Powder method of Debye and Scherrer, and the Rotating Crystal method of Rinne, Schiebold and Polyani. The techniques of the first three of these methods are fully explained in such books as ‘ X-Rays and Crystal Structure,’ by W. H. and W. L. Bragg, ‘ The Structure of Crystals,’ by Wyckoff, and ‘ Krystalle und Rontgenstrahlen,’ by Ewald, as well as in original papers. On the other hand, the rotation method is only slightly touched on in these works, the literature is scattered in a great number of papers, and the technique has not so far been described at any length in a convenient form. Particularly in English, references to it are scanty. In this paper the author has tried to give a concise account of the method, together with various types of charts and tables as it is used in the Davy Faraday Laboratory. The methods described differ in certain respects from those used on the Continent,* but they have been found to be rapid and sufficiently accurate.

Polydipsia and polyuria by the X-irradiated rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Kay ◽  
Cecil Entenman
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Drinking Fluid

The results of partial-body x-irradiation experiments established the abdomen as the radiosensitive area involved in postirradiation polydipsia and polyuria. However, the responses do not appear to be due to the action of x-rays on any one organ in this region, since x-irradiation of individual exteriorized organs was only partially effective. On the other hand, shielding of the exteriorized kidneys or liver was effective in the prevention of postirradiation polyuria and polydipsia. Removal of the adrenal glands or spleen prior to x-irradiation did not prevent polydipsia or polyuria, whereas removal of the pancreas greatly diminished the extent of the polydipsia and polyuria and removal of the pituitary gland eliminated the responses. Anoxic anoxia during the time of x-irradiation did not prevent polyuria or polydipsia, but when isotonic sugar solutions were given as the drinking fluid polyuria and polydipsia did not occur.

THE REACTIVITY OF THE X-IRRADIATED OVARY OF THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL ◽  
S. ZUCKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Apparatus

SUMMARY 1. The ovaries of adult rats were directly X-irradiated by means of a superficial irradiation apparatus, the rest of the body being screened with lead. A dose of 4400 r produced complete sterilization. None of the animals developed radiation sickness. 2. The sterilized ovary does not undergo compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral ovariectomy, nor does it increase in size in response to exogenous gonadotrophin. 3. After irradiation, short periods of vaginal cornification recur at increasingly irregular intervals; after a minimum of 5 days and usually within 40 days, the vaginal smear becomes continuously cornified. After the period of cornification, which lasts from 2 to 14 weeks, and during which the animals will not mate, the smears become similar to those seen in spayed animals. 4. In sterilized animals the uterus is smaller than normal, but as long as 26 weeks after treatment is still significantly larger than that of spayed controls. 5. These indications of oestrogenic effects continue after bilateral adrenalectomy. They cease after removal of the X-ray sterilized ovaries. 6. Changes in the weight of the body, thymus and spleen after X-irradiation are similar to, but less rapid than, those occurring after ovariectomy. The increase in the weight of the pituitary is greater than that after ovariectomy. The adrenal glands do not decrease in size, as they do after bilateral ovariectomy. 7. The pituitaries of X-ray sterilized animals contain more gonadotrophin than do those of control-operated litter-mates, and about the same amount as do those of spayed rats.

Eds Of Radioactive Particles By Self-Induced Fluorescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Finch ◽  
Richard G. Cuddihy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Sources ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Individual Particles

The elemental composition of individual particles is commonly measured by using energydispersive spectroscopic microanalysis (EDS) of samples excited with electron beam irradiation. Similarly, several investigators have characterized particles by using external monochromatic X-irradiation rather than electrons. However, there is little available information describing measurements of particulate characteristic X rays produced not from external sources of radiation, but rather from internal radiation contained within the particle itself. Here, we describe the low-energy (< 20 KeV) characteristic X-ray spectra produced by internal radiation self-excitation of two general types of particulate samples; individual radioactive particles produced during the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident and radioactive fused aluminosilicate particles (FAP). In addition, we compare these spectra with those generated by conventional EDS.Approximately thirty radioactive particle samples from the Chernobyl accident were on a sample of wood that was near the reactor when the accident occurred. Individual particles still on the wood were microdissected from the bulk matrix after bulk autoradiography.

scholarly journals White Dwarf Masses and Accretion Rates of Recurrent Novae: an X-ray Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S281) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Koji Mukai ◽  
Jennifer L. Sokoloski ◽  
Thomas Nelson ◽  
Gerardo J. M. Luna
Keyword(s):  
White Dwarf ◽  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Accretion Rates

AbstractWe present recent results of quiescent X-ray observations of recurrent novae (RNe) and related objects. Several RNe are luminous hard X-ray sources in quiescence, consistent with accretion onto a near Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. Detection of similar hard X-ray emissions in old novae and other cataclysmic variables may lead to identification of additional RNe candidates. On the other hand, other RNe are found to be comparatively hard X-ray faint. We present several scenarios that may explain this dichotomy, which should be explored further.

Synthesis of ZrO2 Nanotubes by Anodization of Zr Foil

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela ◽  
April Alexa S. Lagarde ◽  
Stephen Jann A. Tamayo ◽  
Nikko S. Villareal ◽  
Ann Marielle Parreno
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zirconia (ZrO2) nanotubes were synthesized by anodization of zirconium (Zr) foil in NH4Fand (NH4)2SO4 aqueous solution. Different surface preparation methods (electropolishing and etching) were applied on the Zr foil prior to anodizaton. In addition, the anodization time and NH4F concentration were varied. The structure and morphologies of the nanotubes and their crystallinity were confirmed using scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer, respectively. ZrO2 nanotubes with large diameters and thick walls were formed at lower NH4F concentration and longer anodization time. On the other hand, smaller nanotubes with thinner walls were produced when the NH4F concentration was increased. The synthesized nanotubes were predominantly tetragonal ZrO2 with small amounts of monoclinic ZrO2.

Developmental effects of X-irradiation of early Drosophila embryos

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
M. Bownes ◽  
L. A. Sunnell
Keyword(s):  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Drosophila Embryos ◽  
Adult Cells

Drosophila embryos were treated at specific stages during early embryogenesis with various doses of X-irradiation. The lethality at various times during development was established and pattern defects in the adults noted. It was observed that the most sensitive stages of embryogenesis to X-ray-induced lethality were also the stages where most morphological defects were found in the adults which emerged. This suggests that presumptive larval and adult cells are sensitive to X-rays at the same stages of embryogenesis.

Distribution of Calcium and Phosphate in Cells of the Enamel Organ in the Rat Lower Incisor

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawamoto ◽  
M. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Layers

The distribution of calcium and phosphate in the cells of the enamel organ of the rat lower incisors was investigated by autoradiography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Radioactive calcium or phosphate was injected i.p. into seven-day-old rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were frozen 0.5, 1, and 10 min after injection, and embedded in 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. Sagittal sections of 10 μm thickness were made in which the lower incisor was included as a part of the whole-body section. For autoradiography, the sections were freeze-dried and placed in contact with dry thin films prepared from autoradiographic emulsion. For EDS, sections were mounted on carbon stubs, freeze-dried, coated with carbon, and examined by EDS in a SEM. 45Ca and 32P autoradiograms showed that the radioactivity was located over the papillary layer cells adjacent to the secretory stage ameloblasts and was much higher here than in the ameloblastic layer. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the amount of radioactivity of these two cell layers in the maturation stage, although higher radioactivity was detectable in the maturation stage enamel than in the secretory stage enamel. Pronounced Ka x-ray peaks were obtained for P, S, Cl, and K originating from the cells of the papillary and ameloblastic layers in the secretory stage, but only very low peaks were obtained for Ca. On the other hand, in addition to these elements, remarkably high Ca and Fe peaks could be detected in the ameloblastic layer of the maturation stage.

scholarly journals Year-scale Morphological Variation of the X-ray Crab Nebula

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Mori ◽  
David N. Burrows ◽  
George G. Pavlov ◽  
J. Jeff Hester ◽  
Shinpei Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Crab Nebula ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pulsar Wind ◽  
Circular Structures ◽  
The Crab Nebula

We present year-scale morphological variations of the Crab Nebula revealed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Observations have been performed about every 1.7 years over the three years from launch. The variations are clearly recognized at two sites: the torus and the southern jet. The torus, which had been steadily expanding until 1.7 years ago, now appears to have shrunk in the latest observation. Additionally, the circular structures seen to the northeast of the torus have decayed into several arcs. On the other hand, the southern jet shows the growth of its overall kinked-structure. We discuss the nature of these variations in terms of the pulsar wind nebula mechanism.

Isoelastic Cementless Total Hip Replacement in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Long-Term Results

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
U. Fusco ◽  
R. Capelli ◽  
A. Avai ◽  
M. Gerundini ◽  
L. Colombini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cementless Total Hip Replacement

Between 1980 and 1987 we have implanted 46 isoelastic cementless THR in 40 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis. We have reviewed 38 hips clinically and by X-ray. The mean follow-up was 8,5 years. Harris hip scores ranged from 30.6 preoperatively to 73,4 post-operatively when reviewed. While on the other hand Merle D'Aubigné hip scores ranged from 7,06 pre-operatively to 15,59 post-operatively. All patients have been satisfied, and X-rays showed an improvement for both Charnely and Gruen X-ray score.

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