THE DECIDUOMA ASSAY: A METHOD FOR MEASURING PROLACTIN

1963 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADA KOVAČÍC
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Parallel Line ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
End Point ◽  
Simultaneous Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Dose Levels

SUMMARY Mice 3 months of age were hypophysectomized on the 1st day of dioestrus and treated with prolactin for 5 consecutive days commencing immediately after hypophysectomy. One uterine horn was traumatized on the 3rd day of the experiment and autopsy was performed on the 6th day. Prolactin maintained the function of the corpus luteum and induced the formation of deciduomata in the injured uterine horn. The increase in weight of the damaged uterine horn compared with the control horn was used as the end point. Since mechanical injury alone caused an increase of up to 10·4 mg., a positive response was taken as an increase of 11 mg. or more. The response was treated as quantal and the percentage of positive responses was transferred to probits. Parallel line assays were used with three or two dose levels of the standard and the unknown. The design permitted a simultaneous study of the effects of a preparation on both the damaged and the undamaged horns of the uterus. Prolactin caused an increase in weight of the damaged horn and gonadotrophin an increase in weight of both horns, but when prolactin was contaminated with gonadotrophin it could still be assayed by the difference in weight between the two. Three different preparations of ovine prolactin (Armour) were assayed against the 2nd International Prolactin Standard and the results compared favourably with the maker's estimate of potency. Two preparations were also assayed by the pigeon crop gland and by the dioestrus methods and the results were similar. The index of discrimination was about unity.

SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICS FOR MULTIPLE BIOASSAYS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (III) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Borth
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Line ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Dose Levels

ABSTRACT Gaddum's simplified system of computation for the analysis of biological parallel-line assays is extended to the assay of several unknown preparations simultaneously against the same standard, using up to four dose levels of each preparation. Complete working directions and formulae are provided and illustrated by a numerical example. Limiting conditions are briefly discussed.

CLINICAL TRIAL OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S3-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Crooke ◽  
W. R. Butt ◽  
P. V. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT Thirteen patients with prolonged secondary amenorrhoea and 5 with anovular cycles each provided sufficient data to establish their individual sensitivity to FSH. The parameters used were based on the rise in excretion of oestriol and of pregnanediol. The sensitivity expressed as the ED 50 (that dose which is effective in 50 per cent of times it is given) varied between patients over at least a sevenfold range but the difference between the 2 groups of patients was not significant. After adjusting for differences between patients a dose-response relationship was established and it was found that a dose equal to half the ED 50 would be expected to produce a response in less than Io per cent of the times it is given while a dose equal to twice the ED 50 would be expected to produce a response in more than go per cent of the times it is given. Such a dose would be likely to produce an excessive response. An excessive response occurred three times in 140 months of treatment. Sixteen of the I8 patients became pregnant. The 2 who failed gave up treatment prematurely. A test of individual patient's sensitivity to FSH was established which depended on single injections of the hormone mixed with HCG. The test was repeated at 2 to 3 weekly intervals with increasing dosages until a positive response was obtained as judged by an increase in excretion of oestriol. The rate at which the dose should be increased was investigated and a 30 per cent rate was selected. When the effective test dose was established a standard schedule of dosages was recommended for treatment using 3 equal doses of FSH in 8 days and HCG on the tenth.

scholarly journals Design of Auto-tuning Relay Feedback controller for Shell Heavy Oil Fractionator

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Wahyudi ◽  
Sela Martasia ◽  
Budi Setiyono ◽  
Iwan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
System Response ◽  
Relay Feedback ◽  
End Point ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Point Composition ◽  
Auto Tuning ◽  
The Difference

Auto-tuning relay feedback is one of the control techniques, which is used to solve the non-linear, long delay time, and disturbance's problems. This control technique is the development of Ziegler-Nichols that can be done automatically without doing system modeling. In this paper, auto-tuning relay feedback is used in the control system response to optimization of Shell Heavy Oil Fractionator (SHOF) system so the output of product composition as expected. SHOF is a distillation column type used to separate crude oil into desired products based on the difference in the boiling point of each product. PI regulators of relay feedback are used to control the valves on the SHOF with three inputs and three outputs that has been decoupled. Based on the tests, the average values of IAE at top end point composition (Y1) obtained with disturbance and no disturbance are 83.17 and 10.933, respectively. At the side end point composition (Y2), the average values of IAE with disturbance and no disturbance are obtained respectively, 336.38 and 42.3467. The average values of IAE at bottom reflux temperature (Y3) with disturbance and no disturbance are obtained 0.15 and 0.13, respectively.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 mg OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total oestrogens were performed in 6 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed by three cycles of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate continuously. The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. Two of the women showed a normal LH excretion pattern in all treatment cycles. The four other subjects also had periodical variations in the LH excretion but no distinct midcycle peaks occurred. The mean oestrogen excretion was increased in all three treatment cycles but the difference was satistically significant only in the last two cycles. Compared with the treatment cycles, the sum of progesterone values was significantly decreased in the first two cycles. Chlormadinone acetate in this dose had no thermogenic effect. Three of the subjects showed bleeding irregularities which had no clear connection with the hormone variations measured in the study. It is suggested that the low levels of progesterone might be due to a defective corpus luteum function.

Receptors for lactogenic hormones in the ovine corpus luteum. III: Inhibition of 125I-labelled human growth hormone binding by a high molecular weight factor in ovine corpus luteum cytosol

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Bramley ◽  
G. S. Menzies ◽  
A. S. McNeilly ◽  
H. G. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Cytosol Fraction ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

ABSTRACT Ovine luteal cytosol fractions inhibited the specific binding of 125I-labelled human GH and ovine prolactin (oPRL) to ovine luteal microsomes in a dose-dependent fashion. Inhibition was dependent on divalent cation concentrations, and was abolished by divalent metal ion chelating agents or by boiling. Inhibition was not due to ionic strength or salt effects on hormone binding, the release of endogenously bound oPRL into the cytosol fraction during tissue disruption and fractionation, or the presence of a soluble (or solubilized) lactogenic receptor in ovine cytosol preparations. Gel chromatography of cytosol fractions gave a molecular weight for the inhibitor of approximately 50 000. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 383–389

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the Growth-Regulating Factor Family in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunkun Zhao ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Longlong Ning ◽  
Jialin He ◽  
Xingli Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transcriptome Expression

Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that perform important functions in plant growth and development. Herein, we identified and characterised 24 AhGRF genes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). AhGRF family genes were divided into six classes with OLQ and WRC domains. Transcriptome expression profile showed that more AhGRF genes, such as AhGRF5a gene, were at higher expression during pod development in Arachis monticola than cultivated species, especially at the pod rapid-expansion stage. AhGRF5a and AhGRF5b genes expressed at higher levels in pods than roots, leaves and stems tissues, existing in the difference between Arachis monticola and H8107. Exogenous GA3 application can activate AhGRF5a and AhGRF5b genes and H8107 line showed more positive response than Arachis monticola species. These results imply that these two AhGRF genes may be active during the peanut pod development.

PROLACTIN RECEPTORS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND, CORPUS LUTEUM AND OTHER TISSUES OF THE TAMMAR WALLABY, MACROPUS EUGENII

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SERNIA ◽  
C. H. TYNDALE-BISCOE
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

SUMMARY Specific binding of radio-iodinated ovine prolactin to subcellular tissue fractions of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) was investigated. Specific binding was found, in order of decreasing binding activity, in the lactating mammary gland, corpus luteum, corpus albicans, adrenal gland and ovary. Specific binding was absent in kidney, liver, brain and inactive mammary gland. The mean association constant (Ka at 23 °C) was determined as 0·90 × 109, 2·20 × 109, 2·44 × 109, 3·38 × 109 and 10·98 × 1091/mol for mammary gland, adrenal, corpus albicans, corpus luteum and ovary respectively. The mean receptor concentration (N) varied from 92·87 × 10−14 mol/mg protein for the mammary gland to 1·03 × 10−14 mol/mg protein for the ovary. The concentration in the corpus luteum varied between tissue pools collected at different times of the annual breeding cycle. The specificity for prolactin was shown in the mammary gland and corpus luteum by the failure of ovine FSH, LH, GH and TSH to displace 125I-labelled ovine prolactin, whereas it was displaced readily by both ovine and bovine prolactin.

Comparison of bovine uterine horns for progesterone and oxytocin levels with bilateral corpus luteum

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Cerbito ◽  
M. P. B. Wijayagunawardane ◽  
M. Takagi ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
A. Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Bovine uterine horns with both ovaries containing a corpus luteum (CL) were compared for progesterone (P4) and oxytocin (OT) concentrations during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Uterine tissue samples from five Holstein cows with bilateral CL obtained from the slaughterhouse were used for this study. No significant difference was observed in P4 and OT levels in the right and left horns with corpora lutea in both ovaries. The data clearly indicate that both sides of the uterine horn having a functional CL are exposed to similar levels of P4 and OT, supporting the hypothesis that luteal products are delivered locally to the uterus. Key words: Progesterone, oxytocin, uterine horn, bilateral, corpus luteum, cow

108 FACTORS AFFECTING PREGNANCY RATES IN RECIPIENTS RECEIVING IN VITRO-PRODUCED EMBRYOS BY FIXED TIME EMBRYO TRANSFER

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
M. Pelizzari ◽  
A. Tribulo ◽  
J. Garzon ◽  
B. Bernal ◽  
R. Tribulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Embryo Transfer Technique

A retrospective analysis of factors that affect pregnancy rates from 4214 fresh in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos that were transferred at a fixed-time (FTET) in 20 different farms. Recipients were all cycling cows or heifers that were synchronized with 1 of 3 treatments: 1) treatments with progesterone (P4) devices and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB) on Day 0 (day of insertion) and 24 h after device removal (Day 8); 2) treatments with P4 devices and EB on Day 0, but with 0.5 mg of oestradiol cypionate (ECP) at device removal (Day 8); or 3) treatments with P4 devices and GnRH on Day 0 and a second GnRH 60 h after device removal (Day 5). Cows in all treatment groups also received 500 µg of cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2α) at the time of P4 device removal and 400 IU of eCG either at device removal or 3 days before device removal. All embryos were transferred 7 or 8 days after the expected time of oestrus (24 h after EB, 48 h after ECP or at the time of the second GNRH for each synchronization treatment, respectively). On the day of embryo transfer, recipients were examined by ultrasonography and those with corpus luteum >14 mm in diameter received a fresh, IVP embryo in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. Pregnancy rates were determined by ultrasonography 35 days after FTET. Data were analysed by logistic regression. Independent variables were classified into the following three categories. 1) Factors related to the recipient and the environment; there were no significant differences in pregnancy rates for corpus luteum diameter (≥14 and <16 mm, ≥16 and <18 mm, or ≥18 mm; P = 0.46), number of corpus luteum (1 or ≥2; P = 0.26), and category of recipient (cow or heifer; P = 0.21). However, there were significant effects of farm (P = 0.01) and body condition score (BCS; P = 0.01). Cows with BCS ≥4.5 (1 to 5 scale) resulted in lower pregnancy rates (4/20, 20.0%) than those with BCS 2 (74/225, 32.9%), 2.5 (502/1434, 35.0%), 3 (570/1467, 38.9%), 3.5 (193/532, 36.3%), and 4 (44/118, 37.3%). 2) Factors related to the synchronization treatment; there were no significant differences between recipients receiving eCG at device removal (84/209, 40.2%) or 3 days before device removal (874/2291, 38.1%; P = 0.35). However, recipients synchronized with P4 devices and ECP had higher (P = 0.01) pregnancy rates (232/483, 48.0%) than those treated with EB (679/1888, 36.0%) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (47/129, 36.4%). 3) Factors related to the embryo transfer technique; day of the recipient’s oestrous cycle (P = 0.36), stage of embryo transferred (IETS stages 6 or 7; P = 0.62), and operator (P = 0.57) did not affect pregnancy rates. However transfers made in the anterior third of the uterine horn resulted in higher (649/1545, 42.0%) pregnancy rates than those in the mid-third (845/2511, 33.6%) or in the distal third (6/35, 17.1%; P = 0.01). It was concluded that factors related to the recipient and the environment (farm and BCS), the synchronization treatment (ECP), and the embryo transfer technique (site of deposition) affect pregnancy rates in recipients of embryos produced in vitro and transferred at a fixed time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document