FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE KOBER COLOUR AND ITTRICH FLUORESCENCE REACTIONS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OESTRIOL, OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL

SUMMARY Higher temperatures allow lower sulphuric acid concentrations and shorter heating times to be used in the Kober colour reaction for oestrogens. A one-stage reaction which is completed in 5 min. at 120° is described for oestrone and oestradiol, and a two-stage reaction which requires two periods of heating for 5 min. at 120° is described for oestriol. The conditions were applied to the Ittrich fluorescence procedure. A spectrophotofluorimetric correction was developed in which fluorescence was measured at wavelengths for excitation and emitted light near the optima for the oestrogens and at another combination at which the oestrogens produced virtually no fluorescence whereas that of impurities was not diminished. Extraction, centrifugation and fluorimetry were performed in specially designed cells. The sensitivity is 0·05–0·1 ng./sample with a linear response up to 300 ng. and a precision better than 4% in the range 1·0–100 ng.

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Removal Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in Peat Water from Wetland Area by Coagulation-Ultrafiltration Hybrid Process with Pretreatment Two-Stage Coagulation

Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management ◽

10.20527/jwem.v1i1.88 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmud Mahmud ◽

Chairul Abdi ◽

Badaruddin Mu'min

Keyword(s):

Membrane Fouling ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Hybrid Process ◽

Two Stage ◽

One Stage ◽

Coagulation Process ◽

Hydrophilic Fraction ◽

The One ◽

Better Than

The primary problem encountered in the application of membrane technology was membrane fouling. During this time, hybrid process by coagulation-ultrafiltration in drinking water treatment that has been conducted by some research, using by one-stage coagulation. The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of two-stage coagulation as a pretreatment towards performance of the coagulation-ultrafiltration hybrid process for removal NOM in the peat water. Coagulation process, either with the one-stage or two-stage coagulation was very good in removing charge hydrophilic fraction, i.e. more than 98%. NOM fractions of the peat water, from the most easily removed by the two-stage coagulation and one-stage coagulation process was charged hydrophilic>strongly hydrophobic>weakly hydrophobic>neutral hydrophilic. The two-stage coagulation process could removed UV254 and colors with a little better than the one-stage coagulation at the optimum coagulant dose. Neutral hydrophilic fraction of peat water NOM was the most influential fraction of UF membrane fouling. The two-stage coagulation process better in removing the neutral hidrophilic fraction, while removing of the charged hydrophilic, strongly hydrophobic and weakly hydrophobic similar to the one-stage coagulation. Hybrid process by pretreatment with two-stage coagulation, beside can increased removal efficiency of UV254 and color, also can reduced fouling rate of the ultrafiltration membraneIt must not exceed 250 words, contains a brief summary of the text, covering the whole manuscript without being too elaborate on every section. Avoid any abbreviation, unless it is a common knowledge or has been previously stated.

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Periprosthetic shoulder infection: one-stage better than two-stage?

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jse.2016.07.064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. e332-e333

Author(s):

Geoffrey P. Stone ◽

Rachel Clark ◽

Kathleen C. O'Brien ◽

Lisa Vaccaro ◽

Richard S. Tannenbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Two Stage ◽

One Stage ◽

Shoulder Infection ◽

Periprosthetic Shoulder Infection ◽

Better Than

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The Effects of Multi-Stage Homogenizations on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Zr–Sc Alloys

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Yang-Chun Chiu ◽

Tse-An Pan ◽

Mien-Chung Chen ◽

Jun-Wei Zhang ◽

Hui-Yun Bor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽

Two Stage ◽

Homogenization Heat Treatment ◽

T6 Heat Treatment ◽

One Stage ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Better Than

This study is aimed at exploring the effects of multi-stage homogenization and trace amounts of Zr and Sc on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and recrystallization of Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg alloys. The mechanical properties of the AA7005 aluminum alloys after the T6 heat treatment were evaluated through a hardness test and tensile test. The microstructures were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the grain refinement effect of the as-cast, homogenized, and recrystallized Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg alloy containing 0.05Sc (wt%) after the T6 heat treatment was more significant than that of the alloy containing 0.1Zr (wt%). In addition, compared with the aforementioned one-stage homogenization heat treatment, the two-stage homogenization made the dispersed grain phase (Al3Zr/Al3Sc) smaller. As a result, the T6 mechanical strength of the alloy after the two-stage homogenization heat treatment was better than that of the contrastive alloy after the one-stage homogenization heat treatment. However, the two different homogenization heat treatments caused a greater divergence between the sizes of the dispersed grain phases of the Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg alloys containing Zr than between the sizes of the dispersed grain phases of the alloys containing Sc. Therefore, after the two-stage homogenization heat treatment, the alloy with 0.1Zr (wt%) promoted the mechanical properties better than the alloy with 0.05Sc (wt%).

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Molecular genetic background of haemophilia A patients with discrepancy between one-stage and two-stage factor VIII assays

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1619100 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (S 01) ◽

pp. S153-S155

Author(s):

D. Delev ◽

S. Pahl ◽

J. Driesen ◽

H. Brondke ◽

J. Oldenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Haemophilia A ◽

Two Stage ◽

One Stage

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Plasma Factor V Activation Is Prevented by Activated Protein C in the Presence of Phospholipid Vesicles, Not Platelets

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651567 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 69 (02) ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan Solymoss ◽

Kim Thi Phu Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Western Blotting ◽

Protein C ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

Blood Platelets ◽

Activated Protein C ◽

Phospholipid Vesicles ◽

Factor V ◽

Two Stage ◽

One Stage ◽

Plasma Factor

SummaryActivated protein C (APC) is a vitamin K dependent anticoagulant which catalyzes the inactivation of factor Va and VIIIa, in a reaction modulated by phospholipid membrane surface, or blood platelets. APC prevents thrombin generation at a much lower concentration when added to recalcified plasma and phospholipid vesicles, than recalcified plasma and platelets. This observation was attributed to a platelet associated APC inhibitor. We have performed serial thrombin, factor V one stage and two stage assays and Western blotting of dilute recalcified plasma containing either phospholipid vesicles or platelets and APC. More thrombin was formed at a given APC concentration with platelets than phospholipid. One stage factor V values increased to higher levels with platelets and APC than phospholipid and APC. Two stage factor V values decreased substantially with platelets and 5 nM APC but remained unchanged with phospholipid and 5 nM APC. Western blotting of plasma factor V confirmed factor V activation in the presence of platelets and APC, but lack of factor V activation with phospholipid and APC. Inclusion of platelets or platelet membrane with phospholipid enhanced rather than inhibited APC catalyzed plasma factor V inactivation. Platelet activation further enhanced factor V activation and inactivation at any given APC concentration.Plasma thrombin generation in the presence of platelets and APC is related to ongoing factor V activation. No inhibition of APC inactivation of FVa occurs in the presence of platelets.

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Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655029 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 18 (01/02) ◽

pp. 198-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ronald S Reno ◽

Walter H Seegers

Keyword(s):

Prothrombin Time ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Two Stage ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

One Stage ◽

Assay Procedure ◽

Bovine Plasma ◽

The One ◽

Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

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Standardization of Factor VIII – IV. Establishment of the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII: C Concentrate

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1665290 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (03) ◽

pp. 697-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

T W Barrowcliffe ◽

A D Curtis ◽

D P Thomas

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

High Purity ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

World Health ◽

Current Standard ◽

Two Stage ◽

International Standard ◽

One Stage ◽

The One ◽

Health Organization

SummaryAn international collaborative study was carried out to establish a replacement for the current (2nd) international standard for Factor VIII: C, concentrate. Twenty-six laboratories took part, of which 17 performed one-stage assays, three performed two-stage assays and six used both methods. The proposed new standard, an intermediate purity concentrate, was assayed against the current standard, against a high-purity concentrate and against an International Reference Plasma, coded 80/511, previously calibrated against fresh normal plasma.Assays of the proposed new standard against the current standard gave a mean potency of 3.89 iu/ampoule, with good agreement between laboratories and between one-stage and two- stage assays. There was also no difference between assay methods in the comparison of high-purity and intermediate purity concentrates. In the comparison of the proposed standard with the plasma reference preparation, the overall mean potency was 4.03 iu/ampoule, but there were substantial differences between laboratories, and the two-stage method gave significantly higher results than the one stage method. Of the technical variables in the one-stage method, only the activation time with one reagent appeared to have any influence on the results of this comparison of concentrate against plasma.Accelerated degradation studies showed that the proposed standard is very stable. With the agreement of the participants, the material, in ampoules coded 80/556, has been established by the World Health Organization as the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII :C, Concentrate, with an assigned potency of 3.9 iu/ampoule.

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An Over 120dB Dynamic Range Linear Response Single Exposure CMOS Image Sensor with Two-stage Lateral Overflow Integration Trench Capacitors

Electronic Imaging ◽

10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.7.iss-143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (7) ◽

pp. 143-1-143-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasuyuki Fujihara ◽

Maasa Murata ◽

Shota Nakayama ◽

Rihito Kuroda ◽

Shigetoshi Sugawa

Keyword(s):

Linear Response ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Cmos Image Sensor ◽

Image Sensor ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Single Exposure ◽

Two Stage ◽

Noise Ratio ◽

Maximum Signal

This paper presents a prototype linear response single exposure CMOS image sensor with two-stage lateral overflow integration trench capacitors (LOFITreCs) exhibiting over 120dB dynamic range with 11.4Me- full well capacity (FWC) and maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 70dB. The measured SNR at all switching points were over 35dB thanks to the proposed two-stage LOFITreCs.

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