THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND TESTOSTERONE ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF CASTRATED RATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Intact Rats

SUMMARY Adult male rats which had been castrated prepuberally secreted less sebum than intact rats. When hypophysectomy followed castration there was a further decrease in sebum secretion. Treatment of the castrated and hypophysectomized castrated rats with testosterone propionate produced a large and comparable increase in the sebum secretion of both groups. Testosterone propionate also caused a marked increase in the preputial gland weight of the castrated rats, although a much smaller response occurred after hypophysectomy. The effect of hypophysectomy on the response of the sebaceous and preputial glands to testosterone is discussed.

THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS GLAND TO TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Actual Increase ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Higher Doses

SUMMARY The effect of varying doses of testosterone propionate (TP) on the sebum secretion and preputial gland weight of castrated and hypophysectomized—castrated rats was studied. The changes in preputial gland weight closely paralleled those of sebum secretion. Small doses of TP (0·05 mg) stimulated sebum secretion in hypophysectomized-castrated rats, but not in the castrated rats. Higher doses of TP increased sebum secretion in both the hypophysectomized—castrates and the castrated rats. While 0·5 mg TP completely restored sebum secretion to normal levels in castrated rats but not in the hypophysectomized—castrated rats, the actual increase in sebum secretion produced by this dose of TP was similar in both groups. It is concluded that at physiological doses the action of TP on the sebaceous glands is independent of the pituitary. However, the presence of the pituitary is required for normal sebaceous gland activity.

EFFECT OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON CUTANEOUS AND MODIFIED SEBACEOUS GLANDS IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
MARY F. COOPER ◽  
P. E. BOWDEN ◽  
D. MEDDIS ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Sebum Secretion

SUMMARY The effects of α-MSH and testosterone propionate on sebum secretion, sebaceous gland volume, dermal lipogenesis, and preputial gland weight and lipogenesis were examined in hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomy reduced sebum secretion, sebaceous and preputial gland size, and dermal and preputial gland lipogenesis. The greatest effects were seen on the biosynthesis of wax esters and squalene. Testosterone propionate (TP) increased sebum secretion, sebaceous gland volume and preputial gland weight and lipogenic activity, but had no significant effect on the pattern of lipid labelling. α-MSH had no effect on sebaceous or preputial gland size, but increased sebum secretion and dermal lipogenesis, especially wax ester biosynthesis. When given together TP and α-MSH had a synergistic effect on sebum secretion and on dermal and preputial gland lipogenesis, and the pattern of lipid labelling was shifted towards normal. TP and α-MSH also showed synergism in increasing preputial gland weight, but together they had no greater effect on sebaceous gland volume than that achieved with TP alone. These results suggest that TP and α-MSH have different actions on the sebaceous glands with α-MSH acting predominantly on lipogenesis and TP on cellular proliferation and turnover leading to an increase in gland size. Preputial glands differ from cutaneous sebaceous glands in their response to α-MSH and androgen which could be a reflection of their more specialized function.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PITUITARY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS AND PREPUTIAL GLANDS OF THE RAT TO PROGESTERONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Preputial Glands

SUMMARY Progesterone, given as an implant releasing 0·1–0·2 mg./day for 24 days, failed to increase sebum production or preputial gland weight in castrated or hypophysectomized-castrated male rats. A dose of 10 mg./day in arachis oil also failed to increase sebum production or mitoses in the sebaceous glands, though it increased by 70% preputial gland weight in the presence of the pituitary. Hypophysectomy greatly reduced preputial gland wt, and the response of hypophysectomized rats to 10mg. progesterone/day was much less than when the pituitary was present. A porcine growth hormone preparation, known to facilitate the response of the sebaceous gland to testosterone in the hypophysectomized rat, failed to facilitate the response of the preputial gland to progesterone. It is concluded that 'sebum-permissive' activity (the facilitation of the response of the sebaceous gland to testosterone) may be distinct from ' sebotropic' activity (facilitation of the response of the preputial gland to progesterone), and it is argued that each of these activities may prove to be separable from somatotrophic activity.

INCREASED SEBUM SECRETION IN ADULT FEMALE RATS AFTER NEONATAL TREATMENT WITH TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Androgen Treatment ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Normal Inhibition ◽  
Normal Adults

SUMMARY Testosterone propionate (TP) was administered to female rats at 3 and 6 days of age. When adult the sebum secretion rate of these rats was significantly increased, although the response to TP was normal. Neonatal androgen treatment had no effect on the preputial gland weight of adult female rats. On the other hand ovarian weight was reduced. After ovariectomy of normal adult rats there was an increase in sebum secretion to a level comparable to that found in adult rats given TP as neonates. By contrast there was no change in sebum secretion after ovariectomy of adult rats given TP as neonates and the rate of sebum secretion in these rats was comparable to that in ovariectomized normal adults. It is suggested that after neonatal androgen treatment the normal inhibition of the sebaceous glands by the ovaries was abolished and consequently the rate of secretion was increased. Thus the endocrine state in early life may have a lasting effect on sebaceous gland activity in the adult.

CONTROL OF SEBACEOUS GLAND FUNCTION IN THE RAT BY α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The effect of α-MSH on sebum secretion and preputial gland weight was examined in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized male rats and in hypophysectomized rats receiving treatment with either testosterone propionate (TP) or progesterone. After treatment with α-MSHMSH for 2 weeks, increases in sebum secretion occurred in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized rats, but larger responses were found in the hypophysectomized rats that had received treatment with either TP or progesterone, suggesting that α-MSH acts synergistically with TP and progesterone to stimulate sebum secretion. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone also increased preputial gland weight in intact rats, but there was no response after castration and only a small response after hypophysectomy. However, when the hypophysectomized rats received simultaneous treatment with either TP or progesterone, α-MSH increased preputial gland weight. It is suggested that α-MSH acts directly on the sebaceous glands to stimulate lipogenesis and, together with steroid hormones, may have an important role in controlling sebaceous gland function in the rat and other hairy mammals. With the evolution of hair, certain of the MSH peptides may have lost their significance as pigmentary hormones and have developed a sebotrophic function. For this reason, it might be more appropriate to refer to these peptides as the 'sebotrophins'.

scholarly journals Altered sexual differentiation of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase by neonatal hormone treatment in rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coral A. Lamartiniere ◽  
Cindy S. Dieringer ◽  
Etsuko Kita ◽  
George W. Lucier
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Neonatal Administration

The hepatic microsomal enzyme UDP-glucuronyltransferase undergoes a complex developmental pattern in which enzyme activity is first detectable on the 18th day of gestation in rats. Prepubertal activities are similar for males and females. However, postpubertal sexual differentiation of enzyme activity occurs in which male activities are twice those of females. Neonatal administration of testosterone propionate or diethylstilboestrol to intact animals resulted in lowered UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in liver microsomal fractions of adult male rats, whereas no changes were observed in the adult females and prepubertal male and female animals. Neonatal administration of testosterone propionate and diethylstilboestrol adversely affected male reproductive-tract development as evidenced by decreased weights of testes, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. Diethylstilboestrol also markedly decreased spermatogenesis. Hypophysectomy of adult male rats resulted in negative modulation of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase and prevented the sexual differentiation of enzyme activity. In contrast hypophysectomy had no effect on female UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity. A pituitary transplant under the kidney capsule was not capable of reversing the enzyme effects of hypophysectomy, therefore suggesting that the male pituitary factor(s) responsible for positive modulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase might be under hypothalamic control in the form of a releasing factor. Neonatal testosterone propionate and diethylstilboestrol administration apparently interfered with the normal sequence of postpubertal UDP-glucuronyltransferase sexual differentiation.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ANDROGENIC STEROIDS ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOSULPHUR IN A HEALING FRACTURED BONE IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
R. T. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Intact Rats

The uptake of radiosulphur in the fractured and intact humerus of male rats was determined in normal and in castrated animals and the ratio F/I of radioactivity of fractured (F) to intact (I) bone was calculated. Castration resulted in a significant decrease of F/I ratio, as compared with normal control rats.The effect of testosterone propionate and 17-ethyl-19 nortestosterone (Nilevar) on the S35 uptake in bones was studied. Testosterone administration resulted in a slight increase of the F/I in castrated rats, but had no effect on this ratio in intact animals. Both castrated and intact rats treated with Nilevar exhibited a significant rise of S35 uptake in fractured bones and, consequently, high F/I ratios. It is suggested that Nilevar has a marked effect on the synthesis of chondroitin sulphate in the collagen tissues of healing fractures, as measured by the described S35 uptake technique.

EFFECT OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND OVARIAN STEROIDS ON PREPUTIAL GLAND FUNCTION IN THE FEMALE RAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. DONOHOE ◽  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Preputial Glands

Sexually experienced male rats were used to test the attractiveness of preputial gland odours of female rats. The male rats showed a clear preference for the preputial gland odours of hypophysectomized females given oestradiol benzoate (OB) for 3 or 8 days to those of control rats. Progesterone treatment had no effect on the attractiveness of the preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized female rats. Administration of α-MSH for either 3 or 8 days, on the other hand, increased the attractiveness to male rats of preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized females and the presence of progesterone produced no further change. When administered alone α-MSH had no effect on the attractiveness of the preputial gland odours. Other pituitary hormones, such as ACTH and prolactin, had no effect on the attractiveness of preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized rats when administered for 3[unk]days. An increase in preputial gland size was only seen when OB, progesterone and α-MSH were administered together. It would appear that no relationship exists between the size of the preputial glands and their ability to attract male rats. It is concluded that, while α-MSH and progesterone may be important in controlling growth of the preputial glands, an interaction between α-MSH and oestrogen is more important for regulating the production of sex attractants by the preputial glands.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ANDROGENIC STEROIDS ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOSULPHUR IN A HEALING FRACTURED BONE IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
R. T. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Intact Rats

The uptake of radiosulphur in the fractured and intact humerus of male rats was determined in normal and in castrated animals and the ratio F/I of radioactivity of fractured (F) to intact (I) bone was calculated. Castration resulted in a significant decrease of F/I ratio, as compared with normal control rats.The effect of testosterone propionate and 17-ethyl-19 nortestosterone (Nilevar) on the S35 uptake in bones was studied. Testosterone administration resulted in a slight increase of the F/I in castrated rats, but had no effect on this ratio in intact animals. Both castrated and intact rats treated with Nilevar exhibited a significant rise of S35 uptake in fractured bones and, consequently, high F/I ratios. It is suggested that Nilevar has a marked effect on the synthesis of chondroitin sulphate in the collagen tissues of healing fractures, as measured by the described S35 uptake technique.

EFFECTS OF 17β-HYDROXY-4-ANDROSTEN-19-OL-3-ONE (19-HYDROXYTESTOSTERONE) AND 5α-ANDROSTAN-17β-OL-3-ONE (DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE) ON ASPECTS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN CASTRATED MALE RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. PARROTT
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Refractory Periods ◽  
Peripheral Effect ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experienced Adult

SUMMARY The ability of 19-hydroxytestosterone propionate (150 μg/day) to maintain sexual behaviour, accessory organ weights and the number of penile spines in experienced adult male rats in the 5 weeks after castration was compared with intact males and castrated animals receiving testosterone propionate (75 μg/day) or oil treatment. In a second experiment a group of male rats receiving dihydrotestosterone propionate (150 μg/day) was also included. 19-Hydroxytestosterone did not maintain ejaculatory performance but animals that ejaculated had refractory periods similar to those in intact and testosterone-treated groups. Dihydrotestosterone, however, slowed the rate of decline of ejaculatory performance but the refractory periods were comparable to those in castrated controls. The former action of dihydrotestosterone was attributed to its stimulatory effect on peripheral structures, especially the penile spines. 19-Hydroxytestosterone was shown to have no peripheral effect at doses up to 1800 μg every other day. The results are discussed in terms of a theory of testosterone action involving aromatization in the brain and 5α-reduction peripherally.

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