THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS GLAND TO TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Actual Increase ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Higher Doses

SUMMARY The effect of varying doses of testosterone propionate (TP) on the sebum secretion and preputial gland weight of castrated and hypophysectomized—castrated rats was studied. The changes in preputial gland weight closely paralleled those of sebum secretion. Small doses of TP (0·05 mg) stimulated sebum secretion in hypophysectomized-castrated rats, but not in the castrated rats. Higher doses of TP increased sebum secretion in both the hypophysectomized—castrates and the castrated rats. While 0·5 mg TP completely restored sebum secretion to normal levels in castrated rats but not in the hypophysectomized—castrated rats, the actual increase in sebum secretion produced by this dose of TP was similar in both groups. It is concluded that at physiological doses the action of TP on the sebaceous glands is independent of the pituitary. However, the presence of the pituitary is required for normal sebaceous gland activity.

EFFECT OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON CUTANEOUS AND MODIFIED SEBACEOUS GLANDS IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
MARY F. COOPER ◽  
P. E. BOWDEN ◽  
D. MEDDIS ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Sebum Secretion

SUMMARY The effects of α-MSH and testosterone propionate on sebum secretion, sebaceous gland volume, dermal lipogenesis, and preputial gland weight and lipogenesis were examined in hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomy reduced sebum secretion, sebaceous and preputial gland size, and dermal and preputial gland lipogenesis. The greatest effects were seen on the biosynthesis of wax esters and squalene. Testosterone propionate (TP) increased sebum secretion, sebaceous gland volume and preputial gland weight and lipogenic activity, but had no significant effect on the pattern of lipid labelling. α-MSH had no effect on sebaceous or preputial gland size, but increased sebum secretion and dermal lipogenesis, especially wax ester biosynthesis. When given together TP and α-MSH had a synergistic effect on sebum secretion and on dermal and preputial gland lipogenesis, and the pattern of lipid labelling was shifted towards normal. TP and α-MSH also showed synergism in increasing preputial gland weight, but together they had no greater effect on sebaceous gland volume than that achieved with TP alone. These results suggest that TP and α-MSH have different actions on the sebaceous glands with α-MSH acting predominantly on lipogenesis and TP on cellular proliferation and turnover leading to an increase in gland size. Preputial glands differ from cutaneous sebaceous glands in their response to α-MSH and androgen which could be a reflection of their more specialized function.

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND TESTOSTERONE ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF CASTRATED RATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Intact Rats

SUMMARY Adult male rats which had been castrated prepuberally secreted less sebum than intact rats. When hypophysectomy followed castration there was a further decrease in sebum secretion. Treatment of the castrated and hypophysectomized castrated rats with testosterone propionate produced a large and comparable increase in the sebum secretion of both groups. Testosterone propionate also caused a marked increase in the preputial gland weight of the castrated rats, although a much smaller response occurred after hypophysectomy. The effect of hypophysectomy on the response of the sebaceous and preputial glands to testosterone is discussed.

INCREASED SEBUM SECRETION IN ADULT FEMALE RATS AFTER NEONATAL TREATMENT WITH TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Androgen Treatment ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Normal Inhibition ◽  
Normal Adults

SUMMARY Testosterone propionate (TP) was administered to female rats at 3 and 6 days of age. When adult the sebum secretion rate of these rats was significantly increased, although the response to TP was normal. Neonatal androgen treatment had no effect on the preputial gland weight of adult female rats. On the other hand ovarian weight was reduced. After ovariectomy of normal adult rats there was an increase in sebum secretion to a level comparable to that found in adult rats given TP as neonates. By contrast there was no change in sebum secretion after ovariectomy of adult rats given TP as neonates and the rate of sebum secretion in these rats was comparable to that in ovariectomized normal adults. It is suggested that after neonatal androgen treatment the normal inhibition of the sebaceous glands by the ovaries was abolished and consequently the rate of secretion was increased. Thus the endocrine state in early life may have a lasting effect on sebaceous gland activity in the adult.

CONTROL OF SEBACEOUS GLAND FUNCTION IN THE RAT BY α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The effect of α-MSH on sebum secretion and preputial gland weight was examined in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized male rats and in hypophysectomized rats receiving treatment with either testosterone propionate (TP) or progesterone. After treatment with α-MSHMSH for 2 weeks, increases in sebum secretion occurred in intact, castrated and hypophysectomized rats, but larger responses were found in the hypophysectomized rats that had received treatment with either TP or progesterone, suggesting that α-MSH acts synergistically with TP and progesterone to stimulate sebum secretion. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone also increased preputial gland weight in intact rats, but there was no response after castration and only a small response after hypophysectomy. However, when the hypophysectomized rats received simultaneous treatment with either TP or progesterone, α-MSH increased preputial gland weight. It is suggested that α-MSH acts directly on the sebaceous glands to stimulate lipogenesis and, together with steroid hormones, may have an important role in controlling sebaceous gland function in the rat and other hairy mammals. With the evolution of hair, certain of the MSH peptides may have lost their significance as pigmentary hormones and have developed a sebotrophic function. For this reason, it might be more appropriate to refer to these peptides as the 'sebotrophins'.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PITUITARY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS AND PREPUTIAL GLANDS OF THE RAT TO PROGESTERONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Preputial Glands

SUMMARY Progesterone, given as an implant releasing 0·1–0·2 mg./day for 24 days, failed to increase sebum production or preputial gland weight in castrated or hypophysectomized-castrated male rats. A dose of 10 mg./day in arachis oil also failed to increase sebum production or mitoses in the sebaceous glands, though it increased by 70% preputial gland weight in the presence of the pituitary. Hypophysectomy greatly reduced preputial gland wt, and the response of hypophysectomized rats to 10mg. progesterone/day was much less than when the pituitary was present. A porcine growth hormone preparation, known to facilitate the response of the sebaceous gland to testosterone in the hypophysectomized rat, failed to facilitate the response of the preputial gland to progesterone. It is concluded that 'sebum-permissive' activity (the facilitation of the response of the sebaceous gland to testosterone) may be distinct from ' sebotropic' activity (facilitation of the response of the preputial gland to progesterone), and it is argued that each of these activities may prove to be separable from somatotrophic activity.

Control and function of sebaceous glands

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thody ◽  
S. Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sebum Secretion

This review describes the various types of sebaceous glands, their locations, and where possible their different functions. All sebaceous glands are similar in structure and secrete sebum by a holocrine process. However, the nature of this secretion and the regulation of the secretory process seem to differ among the various types of glands. Methods for measuring sebum secretion and assessing sebaceous gland activity are also described. The area of major interest during the last 20 years has undoubtedly been the mechanisms that control sebaceous gland function. Most studies have focused on the endocrine control and in particular on the role of androgens and pituitary hormones, although evidence suggests that nonendocrine factors may also be important. However, many questions remain and during the next few years attention will certainly be given to the role of retinoids and their mode of action in the treatment of acne.

INTERACTIONS OF OESTRONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE RABBITS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
A. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary glands of castrated male rabbits was studied. Testosterone propionate was used in daily doses from 0.5 to 80 mg. The doses of oestrone ranged from 0.05 to 25 μg per day. Mammary glands were examined after 14, 28 or 56 days of injections. 1) Testosterone in doses below 20 mg failed to affect the mammary glands. With 40 or 80 mg a distinct, though abnormal growth reaction was consistently obtained. 2) Oestrone in doses lower than 0.5 μg did not stimulate mammary growth. With 0.5 μg and higher doses extensive growth of the mammary glands occurred. Stunted growth and secretion were found in the mammary glands of rabbits injected with 12.5 or 25 μg oestrone. 3) Testosterone in doses of 1 or 5 to 10 mg depressed or abolished the response of the mammary glands to 0.5 μg oestrone. When testosterone, in doses ineffective when given alone, was added to at least 3.125 μg oestrone, the mammary glands developed alveoli. The abnormalities produced by the highest doses of oestrone studied were exaggerated by the addition of testosterone. 4) The observations indicate a complicated interplay between the actions of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary gland of the rabbit. The interactions between testosterone and oestrone are presumably different from those observed between progesterone and oestrone.

THE ACTION OF AN ANTI-ANDROGENIC STEROID, 17α-METHYL-B-NORTESTOSTERONE, ON SEBUM SECRETION IN RATS TREATED WITH TESTOSTERONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Do So

SUMMARY An anti-androgenic steroid, 17α-methyl-B-nortestosterone was shown to reduce sebum production in spayed female rats treated simultaneously with testosterone. The sebum production was assessed by measuring the increase in the amount of ether-extractable hair fat over a period of 8 days immediately after washing the rats. Testosterone increased the secretion of sebum mainly by stimulating mitosis in the sebaceous glands and it was shown that the anti-androgenic steroid acted at this site, i.e. by suppressing mitosis. These effects were in contrast to the action of oestradiol which also depressed sebaceous activity, but appeared to do so by interfering with synthesis in the sebaceous cells.

OVARIAN SENSITIVITY TO OVULATORY STIMULI IN THE ANDROGEN-INDUCED PERSISTENT-OESTROUS RATS

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Anant P. Labhsetwar
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Postnatal Treatment ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACT The ovarian response of adult rats made persistent-oestrus by the postnatal treatment with testosterone propionate was examined by determining the number of ova shed in response to small doses of LH and/or FSH, and placental gonadotrophins (PMSG or HCG). A dose of LH (10 μg/rat) estimated to be equivalent to twice the minimal amount secreted for ovulation in normal rats failed to release a normal complement of ova. The same dose of FSH induced ovulation in 40% of rats with an ova count of 5.7 ± 1.8/rat. Both placental gonadotrophins induced ovulation, although the ova yield was significantly below the normal oestrous control. It is inferred from these findings that the ovarian sensitivity of androgen-sterilized rats is far below that of the normal animals despite the presence of numerous follicles in the ovaries of the persistent-oestrous rats.

Neostriatal administration of somatostatin: differential effect of small and large doses on behavior and motor control

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rezek ◽  
V. Havlicek ◽  
L. Leybin ◽  
C. Pinsky ◽  
E. A. Kroeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Behavioral Excitation ◽  
Higher Doses

The administration of small doses of somatostatin (SRIF) (0.01 and 0.1 μg) into the neostriatal complex of unrestrained, freely moving rats induced general behavioral excitation associated with a variety of stereotyped movements, tremors, and a reduction of rapid eye movements (REM) and deep slow wave sleep (SWS). In contrast, the higher doses of SRIF (1.0 and 10.0 μg) caused movements to be uncoordinated and frequently induced more severe difficulties in motor control such as contralateral hemiplegia-in-extension which restricted or completely prevented the expression of normal behavioral patterns. As a result, the animals appeared drowsy and inhibited. Analysis of the sleep-waking cycle revealed prolonged periods of a shallow SWS while REM sleep and deep SWS were markedly reduced; electroencephalogram recordings revealed periods of dissociation from behavior. The administration of endocrinologically inactive as well as the active analogues of SRIF failed to induce effects comparable with those observed after the administration of the same dose of the native hormone (10.0 μg).

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