THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED—CASTRATED MALE RATS TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE AND TO TESTOSTERONE

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
J. SKINNER ◽  
AUDREY WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Administration of 1 i.u./24h of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (Cortrophin ZN, ACTH) to hypophysectomized—castrated rats significantly increased sebum production to the level of that in castrated rats with intact pituitaries. The incidence of mitoses in the sebaceous glands was also significantly increased. Neither the preputial glands nor the seminal vesicles showed any response. No significant increase in sebum production in hypophysectomized—castrated rats could be detected 24 days after giving implants releasing 0·2 or 0·6 mg testosterone/24 h, although sebaceous mitoses were significantly increased in both instances. Concomitant administration of both ACTH and testosterone raised sebum production to the same extent as ACTH alone, and raised the incidence of sebaceous mitoses to a level equal to that produced by ACTH plus testosterone. It is concluded that the sebaceous glands respond—either directly or indirectly as the result of stimulation of the adrenal cortex—to ACTH and that this response is less dependent on the presence of the pituitary than is the action of testosterone. ACTH does not itself facilitate the response of the sebaceous glands to testosterone.

THE INFLUENCE OF PITUITARY HORMONES ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF THE MALE RAT TO TESTOSTERONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Testosterone implants releasing about 0·2 mg./day had no effect on sebum production in hypophysectomized-castrated rats, even though treatment by a similar dose of testosterone has been shown to effect a marked increase in sebaceous activity in rats with intact pituitaries. A preparation of porcine growth hormone, and a preparation of prolactin (luteotrophin) which had no growth hormone activity, were each capable of fully restoring the response of the sebaceous gland in hypophysectomized male rats to testosterone, though the pituitary hormones had no effect by themselves. The stimulation of sebaceous activity was measured both by the increase in sebum production and by the increased incidence of cell division in the sebaceous glands. The responses of the preputial glands and seminal vesicles to testosterone were independent of the presence of the pituitary, and were not significantly enhanced by the hypophysial hormones.

THE EFFECTS OF THYROTROPHIC HORMONE AND OF THYROXINE ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF THE RAT TO TESTOSTERONE

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Treatment with thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) significantly enhanced the action of testosterone in increasing sebum secretion in both castrated and hypophysectomized—castrated male rats. The dose of TSH, equivalent to about 0·1 i.u./24 h for 24 days, was insufficient to increase thyroid weight, even though this was only half of normal in the hypophysectomized—castrated rats. Treatment with thyroxine (T4) significantly added to the action of testosterone in increasing sebum production in castrated rats, but the effect was accompanied by a decreased incidence of mitoses in the sebaceous glands. Treatment with propylthiouracil did not by itself affect sebaceous activity in castrated rats, nor did it inhibit the action of testosterone. Sebum secretion in castrated animals treated with propylthiouracil and testosterone was significantly higher than in those treated with testosterone alone. In view of the evidence that TSH and T4, although similar in their effects on sebum secretion, appeared to act in opposite ways on the incidence of sebaceous mitoses, and that the response of the sebaceous glands to testosterone was increased rather than inhibited by treatment of the rats with propylthiouracil, it is concluded that the action of TSH in enhancing the sebaceous response is more likely to be direct than indirect by stimulation of the thyroid gland.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PITUITARY ON THE RESPONSE OF THE SEBACEOUS AND PREPUTIAL GLANDS OF THE RAT TO PROGESTERONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Preputial Glands

SUMMARY Progesterone, given as an implant releasing 0·1–0·2 mg./day for 24 days, failed to increase sebum production or preputial gland weight in castrated or hypophysectomized-castrated male rats. A dose of 10 mg./day in arachis oil also failed to increase sebum production or mitoses in the sebaceous glands, though it increased by 70% preputial gland weight in the presence of the pituitary. Hypophysectomy greatly reduced preputial gland wt, and the response of hypophysectomized rats to 10mg. progesterone/day was much less than when the pituitary was present. A porcine growth hormone preparation, known to facilitate the response of the sebaceous gland to testosterone in the hypophysectomized rat, failed to facilitate the response of the preputial gland to progesterone. It is concluded that 'sebum-permissive' activity (the facilitation of the response of the sebaceous gland to testosterone) may be distinct from ' sebotropic' activity (facilitation of the response of the preputial gland to progesterone), and it is argued that each of these activities may prove to be separable from somatotrophic activity.

THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON THE SEBACEOUS, PROSTATE, PREPUTIAL, HARDERIAN AND LACHRYMAL GLANDS, SEMINAL VESICLES AND BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED-CASTRATED RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING ◽  
ERIKA EBLING ◽  
VALERIE RANDALL ◽  
J. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone was shown to act synergistically with testosterone to stimulate the sebaceous, prostate and preputial glands and the seminal vesicles in hypophysectomized-castrated rats. The sebaceous glands differed from the other three organs in that α-MSH not only acted synergistically, but also had a significant effect which was independent of the presence of exogenous testosterone. The response of the brown adipose tissue to testosterone, considerably reduced by hypophysectomy, was not restored by α-MSH. The Harderian and lachrymal glands were also pituitary-dependent and their weights in hypophysectomized-castrated rats were not restored by α-MSH.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN CIRCULATING LEUKOCYTES INDUCED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF PITUITARY ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) IN MAN

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GORMAN HILLS ◽  
PETER H. FORSHAM ◽  
CLEMENT A. FINCH
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Initial Depression ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract 1. Pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), when administered in a single intramuscular dose of 25 mg. to human subjects with unimpaired adrenal function, results in a characteristic alteration of the leukocytic pattern. This consists of an increase of circulating neutrophils and a decrease of circulating lymphocytes and eosinophils. 2. The decrease in circulating lymphocytes and eosinophils is contingent upon the stimulation of a functionally competent adrenal cortex, and does not occur in its absence. The neutrophilic response is present but somewhat diminished in adrenal insufficiency. 3. The entire pattern of leukocytic alterations found in normal subjects after administration of ACTH can be induced in patients with Addison’s disease by 17-hydroxycorticosterone (20 mg.) but not with desoxycorticosterone glucoside (30 mg.). 4. Prolonged adrenal stimulation by ACTH, given over a four day period in a dose of 10 mg. every six hours, results in a sustained and striking elevation of neutrophils and depression of eosinophils; the lymphocytes, after an initial depression lasting not more than twenty-four hours, may increase above their initial levels in spite of the continued increased secretion of adrenal hormones. 5. The relation of the adrenal cortex to the characteristic nonspecific leukocyte pattern, observed as a response of the organism to any type of insult, is discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND TESTOSTERONE ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF CASTRATED RATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
Intact Rats

SUMMARY Adult male rats which had been castrated prepuberally secreted less sebum than intact rats. When hypophysectomy followed castration there was a further decrease in sebum secretion. Treatment of the castrated and hypophysectomized castrated rats with testosterone propionate produced a large and comparable increase in the sebum secretion of both groups. Testosterone propionate also caused a marked increase in the preputial gland weight of the castrated rats, although a much smaller response occurred after hypophysectomy. The effect of hypophysectomy on the response of the sebaceous and preputial glands to testosterone is discussed.

THE EFFECTS OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE AND OESTRADIOL UPON TESTOSTERONE STIMULATED SEBACEOUS ACTIVITY IN THE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Preputial Glands

ABSTRACT Castrated rats were implanted with testosterone and in addition treated with either cyproterone acetate or oestradiol or both. Testosterone by itself very significantly increased both sebum production and the incidence of sebaceous mitoses. Each of the other compounds significantly reduced sebum production in rats treated with testosterone. Cyproterone acetate reduced the incidence of sebaceous mitoses and the weight of the preputial glands, whereas oestradiol had neither of these effects. When both compounds were given simultaneously, their combined effect in reducing sebaceous secretion was equal to the product of their individual effects. The results reinforce the view that oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic steroids have different points of action in the sebaceous glands, and suggest that the most effective way of reducing sebaceous activity might be to use both types of compound in combination.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE, THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH OESTRADIOL AND/OR CORTISONE

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated adrenalectomized male rats following daily injections for sixteen days of oestradiol benzoate or cortisone acetate alone, or in combination. Oestradiol was given in daily doses of 0.001 mg or 0.010 mg. Cortisone was administered in daily doses of 1 mg or 3 mg. After oestradiol alone the histological examination revealed an increase in the amount of fibromuscular tissue especially in the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles but no signs of secretory activity in the epithelium. Cortisone alone induced a moderate stimulation of the epithelium in all the accessory reproductive organs but no signs of secretory activity were observed in the ventral prostate. Oestradiol and cortisone given in combination induced pronounced proliferation of the epithelium in all the accessory reproductive organs. After this treatment the epithelium of the ventral prostate also showed signs of secretory activity. The response of the epithelium in all the accessory reproductive organs was dependent on the size of the dose of both oestradiol and cortisone. Cortisone counteracted the fibromuscular overgrowth especially observed in the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles after oestradiol given alone. The individual smooth muscle cells, however, were better developed after the combined treatment. The effects of the combined treatment are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of the individual effects of oestradiol and cortisone on the accessory reproductive organs. The importance of including a histological examination in experiments on hormonal dependent growth of the accessory reproductive organs of male rats is emphasized.

DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
F. J. Kessler ◽  
E. Steinkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

THE EFFECT OF NOR-ANDROSTENOLONEPHENYLPROPIONATE ON THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND BODY WEIGHT OF MALE RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Rinne ◽  
E. K. Näätänen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Male Rats
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