PARTURITION IN THE GOAT: PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF PROSTAGLANDIN F AND STEROID HORMONES AND UTERINE ACTIVITY DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND PARTURITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. UMO ◽  
R. J. FITZPATRICK ◽  
W. R. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Uterine Activity ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY Changes in plasma concentrations of hormones and uterine activity associated with spontaneous parturition in the goat were examined. No change in oestradiol-17β concentration was detected during the experimental period, but oestradiol-17α consistently increased in concentration 3–4 days before parturition. This was followed by an increase in prostaglandin F two days later, while a pre-partum decline in progesterone concentration occurred 18–20 h after the significant increase in prostaglandin F. The onset of uterine contractions coincided with a significant decline in progesterone concentration and a period of continually rising prostaglandin F and oestradiol-17α concentrations. Uterine activity expressed in Montevideo units did not change until 10–8 h before foetal expulsion. These results support the hypothesis that in the goat the elevated prepartum concentration of prostaglandin F brings about luteolysis and a subsequent decline in progesterone concentration.

THE CONCENTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IN MATERNAL PLASMA, FOETAL PLASMA AND AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING PREGNANCY IN WOMEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Johnson ◽  
P. A. Manning ◽  
J. F. Hennam ◽  
J. R. Newton ◽  
W. P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Venous Plasma

ABSTRACT The concentration of prostaglandin F2α has been determined in serial samples of peripheral venous plasma from women at defined times during labour, and studied in detail throughout two consecutive uterine contractions. In addition, the same compound has been measured in single samples of uterine venous plasma, cord venous plasma, and amniotic fluid in groups of patients during early and late pregnancy, labour and at delivery of the baby. The results from the analysis of peripheral venous plasma show that there is considerable individual variation in the concentration of prostaglandin F2α during labour (mean ± sd, 33.1 ± 11.6 pg/ml). However, it is not possible to establish a definite correlation with either the latent or accelerated phases or with the time of delivery. Furthermore, there is no apparent temporal relationship between the concentrations in peripheral venous plasma and the contractile state of the uterus as assessed by external tocography. In early pregnancy (16th to 20th week) the concentration of prostaglandin F2α (pg/ml, mean ± sd) in peripheral venous plasma is 26.3 ± 4.3 and in amniotic fluid 32.7 ± 26.5. At the 36th week to the start of labour the corresponding values are 27.1 ± 8.1 and 110.0 ± 73.8. At the same time the levels in cord plasma and uterine venous plasma are 100.4 ± 74.9 and 87.9 ± 55.0 respectively. During labour there is a significant increase (P < 0.005, Student's t-test) in the concentration in amniotic fluid (335.1 ± 171.0). The results are discussed in relation to the possible role of prostaglandin F2α in the process of parturition.

EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE WITHDRAWAL IN SHEEP DURING LATE PREGNANCY

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. TAYLOR ◽  
R. WEBB ◽  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Prostaglandin F

The concentration of progesterone in the peripheral plasma of seven sheep during late pregnancy was reduced by injection of an inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Concentrations of progesterone were 10·0± 1·0(s.e.m.) ng/ml (n = 6) before injection of the inhibitor, fell to 1·39 ± 0·40 ng/ml (n = 6) 30 min after injection, and remained within this lowered range for 6 h after injection. By 20–24 h and 30–35 h after injection progesterone concentrations had recovered to 4·63±0·94 and 14·07 ±4·17 ng/ml respectively (n = 6). Six out of seven ewes delivered prematurely 32·5± 2·9 h after injection. Delivery appeared to be normal, and was associated with increasing concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo prostaglandin F2α in peripheral plasma. Concentrations of oestradiol-17β17β in peripheral plasma were slightly raised immediately before delivery, at which time progesterone concentrations were within the preinjection range. These data suggest that progesterone withdrawal is one mechanism that initiates increased prostaglandin F2α secretion in the pregnant sheep.

FOETAL AND MATERNAL PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF 13,14-DIHYDRO-15-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F IN THE MARE DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND AT PARTURITION

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BARNES ◽  
R. S. COMLINE ◽  
L. B. JEFFCOTT ◽  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
P. D. ROSSDALE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY The concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F (PGFM), the stable metabolite of prostaglandin F, were measured in the plasma of catheterized mares and foetuses and non-catheterized thoroughbred mares and ponies during the last months of gestation. The plasma concentration of PGFM increased gradually towards term in all groups of animals. During the operation for insertion of catheters, maternal and foetal concentrations of PGFM were high, but the values fell to basal levels 24–48 h after the operation. It was found that preoperative starvation (24 h) led to a rise in the concentration oef PGFM in th maternal plasma. The raised concentrations of PGFM during the operation were associated with low progestogen and high oestrogen concentrations in umbilical venous plasma. The subsequent survival period of the catheterized foal was inversely related to the maximum concentration of PGFM attained during the operation. Changes in the plasma concentration of PGFM were studied during normal parturition in thoroughbred mares, during oxytocin-induced delivery in non-catheterized ponies and during premature delivery or abortion in the catheterized animals. The greatest increase in the concentration of PGFM was seen in the thoroughbred animals during second-stage labour; oxytocin also resulted in a very rapid rise in the level of PGFM, which remained high until delivery. In the catheterized animals, the birth of live foetuses was associated with a rise in the concentration of PGFM in both foetal and maternal plasma during the last 2 h before delivery. Less consistent changes were found during abortion.

scholarly journals Effects of passive immunization of goats against inhibin on follicular development, hormone profile and ovulation rate

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Medan ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
K Sasaki ◽  
Y Nagura ◽  
H Sakaime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of immunoneutralization against endogenous inhibin on FSH secretion and ovulation rate, with the aim of developing a new superovulation method using inhibin antiserum in goats. Two groups of goats received an i.v. injection of either 10 ml normal goat serum (control; n = 6) or 10 ml inhibin antiserum developed against [Tyr(30)]-inhibin alpha (1-30) (n = 6) 48 h before treatment with prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)). Blood samples were collected at 6 h intervals and ovaries were examined each day using a B-mode ultrasound scanner equipped with a 7.5 MHz transducer during the experimental period. Immunization against inhibin resulted in a four- to fivefold increase (P < 0.01) in plasma concentrations of FSH. After luteolysis, plasma concentrations of oestradiol increased markedly to reach a preovulatory peak, which was about two times higher (P < 0.01) than that of the controls. The treatment was accompanied by a significant increase in the total number of follicles of > or = 3 mm in diameter at 24 (8.2 +/- 0.4 in inhibin antiserum group versus 4.8 +/- 0.3 in control group) and 96 h later (13.5 +/- 1.0 in inhibin antiserum group versus 5.3 +/- 0.6 in control group). The ovulation rate was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in goats treated with inhibin antiserum (4.2 +/- 0.5; n = 6) than in control goats (1.8 +/- 0.3; n = 6). These results indicate that inhibin is an important factor in the regulation of FSH secretion in goats and demonstrate that passive immunization against inhibin at 48 h before treatment with PGF(2alpha) induces the development of more follicles and increases ovulation rate. Thus, inhibin antiserum treatment may be an alternative to the use of exogenous gonadotrophins for induction of superovulation in goats.

β-Endorphin in sows during late pregnancy: effects of cloprostenol and oxytocin on plasma concentrations of β-endorphin in the jugular and uterine veins

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Aurich ◽  
I. Dobrinski ◽  
N. Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Peptides ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin F

ABSTRACT β-Endorphin was measured in the plasma of pigs during late pregnancy and at different stages of the oestrous cycle. In pregnant animals, β-endorphin secretion from uteroplacental tissues into the maternal circulation and the possible effects of oxytocin and the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analogue cloprostenol on β-endorphin release were determined. Plasma β-endorphin concentrations in pregnant sows were significantly higher than in non-pregnant pigs. However, there were no significant changes in β-endorphin values throughout the oestrous cycle. Because the increase in plasma β-endorphin concentrations had occurred before luteolysis and onset of labour it could not be attributed to the stress of parturition. The surgical intervention of a laparotomy increased β-endorphin release into peripheral plasma. Cloprostenol but not oxytocin caused an immediate increase in plasma β-endorphin concentrations. At parturition, endogenous PGF2α may be involved in the regulation of β-endorphin secretion. Concentrations of β-endorphin in the jugular and uterine vein plasma were not significantly different, and so it would appear that β-endorphin in the plasma of pregnant sows is not of uteroplacental origin. In conclusion, changes in the concentration of β-endorphin in peripheral plasma, associated with pregnancy but not the oestrous cycle, exist in pigs. Hence a physiological function of peripheral opioid peptides in the periparturient sow is feasible. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 199–206

Differences in feed intake and the performance of Finn × Dorset ewes during late pregnancy

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shevah ◽  
W. J. M. Black ◽  
R. B. Land
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYIn two experiments carried out in the autumn of 1971 and 1972 (treatment prefixes 1 and 2 respectively), 84 Finn x Dorset ewes found by X-ray to carry from 1 to 4 foetuses were individually fed during the last 6 weeks of gestation either: 1A, ad libitum; 1H and 2H, 33 kcal M/kg ewe live weight+365 kcal per ME/kg foetus (anticipated birth weight); 1M, 80%; and 2L, 50% of the total energy fed to treatments 1H and 2H. The amounts given remained constant during the experimental period. The method of feeding according to foetal number within treatments, attempted to standardize the nutritional state within treatments.All ewes (except those on 2L which remained constant) gained 6 to 8 kg live weight during the last 6 weeks of gestation and lost 8 to 10 kg at parturition. The birth weight of lambs was not affected by the range of energy (2·3 to 4·4 Meal ME/ewe per day) consumed during the last 6 weeks of gestation.Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose and ketone bodies were determined weekly. The mean FFA levels were significantly higher in the low energy treatment groups than the high ones.The present data indicated that if there is little change in body weight i n the early stages of pregnancy a 65 kg ewe bearing twin lambs, will require about 4 Meal ME/day during the last 50 days of gestation t o prevent a rise in plasma FFA concentration or loss of weight over the gestation period.

THE EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE AND INDOMETHACIN ON THE OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY IN THE RABBIT

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. G. CHALLIS ◽  
I. J. DAVIES ◽  
K. J. RYAN
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Length Of Gestation

SUMMARY Pregnant rabbits were treated with indomethacin (8–10 mg/kg/day) or dexamethasone (1·2–1·8 mg/kg/day) during late gestation. The effects of these treatments on the concentrations of progesterone and prostaglandin F (PGF) in the peripheral plasma, and the outcome of gestation were studied. Treatment with indomethacin significantly prolonged the length of gestation (P < 0·01) compared with control, untreated animals. In these treated animals, the plasma progesterone levels declined at a similar time to that in control rabbits but the increase in systemic PGF normally seen during late pregnancy was reduced. Dexamethasone treatment reliably induced premature delivery within 3–6 days. The plasma progesterone concentration fell rapidly during the first 24 h of dexamethasone administration, but in no animal was this associated with a significant increase in the plasma levels of PGF. These results are consistent with the suggestion that prostaglandins are involved in the normal initiation of parturition in the rabbit. They do not support the hypothesis that the effect of dexamethasone on the length of gestation is mediated through an increase in the production of prostaglandin F.

Relation between fetal arterial and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in pregnant sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Lye ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
John R. G. Challis
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Uterine Activity ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Intrauterine Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Maximum Decrease

The relation between oxytocin-induced type A uterine contractions and fetal arterial [Formula: see text], measured continuously with an intravascular oxygen electrode, was studied in nine chronically catheterized sheep during late pregnancy. Oxytocin provoked dose-related increases in intrauterine pressure (IUP) and decreases in fetal [Formula: see text]. There was a significant positive relationship between changes in IUP and the maximum decrease in fetal [Formula: see text] (average r = 0.696, df = 92; P < 0.001). We conclude that changes in uterine activity contribute to transient fetal hypoxemia, and that administration of exogenous oxytocin provides an experimental paradigm to examine the consequences of this relationship.

EFFECT OF LOW ZINC INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY ON PLASMA PROLACTIN, PROGESTERONE, PROSTAGLANDIN, CORTISOL AND PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS OF EWES DURING THE PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. FITZGERALD ◽  
G. A. EVERETT ◽  
J. APGAR
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

The effect of low dietary Zn intake upon several plasma endocrine and metabolic profiles was examined during late gestation in the ewe. Thirty adult, primiparous Finncross ewes were fed a low Zn diet with (+Zn, n = 14) or without (0Zn, n = 16) supplemental Zn in the drinking water starting day 1 of pregnancy. Although the mean prepartum progesterone and prolactin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in 0Zn than in +Zn ewes, the peak prolactin concentrations in 0Zn ewes at lambing were similar to +Zn ewes. Both basal and thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin release were less (P < 0.01) in 0Zn ewes 2 d postpartum. Plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) of ewes sampled within 45 min post-lambing were lower (P < 0.05) in 0Zn ewes. There was no difference in cortisol concentrations within 45 min after lambing between 0Zn and + Zn ewes. Plasma protein concentrations in 0Zn ewes were higher (P < 0.01) than those in +Zn ewes during pregnancy. In summary, these data show that low Zn intake in the pregnant ewe affected several endocrine and metabolic plasma parameters associated with normal pregnancy and parturition. Key words: Zinc, parturition, dystocia, feed intake, ovine

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