INTRA-UTERINE TISSUES FROM LATE-PREGNANT RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA) PRODUCE 6-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F1α IN VITRO

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
B. R. HICKS ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Decidua Basalis ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Near Term

The rates of production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (6-oxo-PGF1α) in vitro by intra-uterine tissues taken from late-pregnant monkeys at Caesarean section have been determined. For tissues obtained between days 140 and 149 of pregnancy (late pregnancy) the general quantitative order of rates of production (per unit weight) was decidua basalis> placenta > decidua parietalis>amnion>chorion = myometrium. When tissues were taken between days 160 and 168 of pregnancy (near term) this order was placenta > decidua parietalis = amnion> myometrium = decidua basalis > chorion. There was a significant reduction near term in the rate of production of 6-oxo-PGF1α by decidua basalis; all other tissues exhibited similar rates of production at the two gestational periods investigated.

PRODUCTION OF THROMBOXANE B2 BY INTRA-UTERINE TISSUES FROM LATE PREGNANT RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA) IN VITRO

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
B. R. HICKS ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Thromboxane B2 ◽  
Decidua Basalis

The rates of production of thromboxane B2 in vitro by intra-uterine tissues obtained from late pregnant monkeys by Caesarean section have been determined. The general quantitative order of rates of production was decidua basalis = decidua parietalis > placenta > chorion > amnion = myometrium. Myometrial production of thromboxane B2 was greater at term than during late pregnancy; no other tissue showed a significant trend with advancing gestation. These data demonstrate that the production of thromboxane B2 by intra-uterine tissues from late pregnant monkeys is both qualitatively and quantitatively different from the production of prostaglandins described previously. It is suggested that prostaglandins rather than thromboxanes are more intimately involved in the onset of labour in the rhesus monkey.

SPECIFIC CHANGE IN THE DIRECTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS BY INTRA-UTERINE TISSUES OF THE RHESUS MONKEY (MACACA MULATTA) DURING LATE PREGNANCY

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
L. CLOVER ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Specific Change ◽  
Decidua Basalis ◽  
Prostaglandin F

The rates of production of prostaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F (PGFM) by intra-uterine tissues from pregnant monkeys in vitro have been determined using a method of tissue superfusion. The amnion, chorion, placenta, decidua basalis, decidua parietalis and myometrium were obtained at Caesarean section during late pregnancy. Production of PGE by all tissues was significantly lower at term than during late pregnancy, whereas production of PGF by the amnion, chorion, decidua parietalis and myometrium was significantly greater. All tissues produced significantly more PGE than PGF and also, excepting the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis, more PGFM than PGF. Close to parturition the amnion was quantitatively (per unit weight) the major source of prostaglandins. It is suggested that a specific change in the direction of prostaglandin synthesis by intra-uterine tissues occurs near parturition in the rhesus monkey.

OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN PREGNANT RHESUS MONKEYS

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. SHORT ◽  
P. ECKSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Near Term

SUMMARY Progesterone was chemically determined in the placental tissue of four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in the blood and placenta of a fifth monkey at the time of an elective caesarean section near term. The urine of the same animal was also collected before the operation and assayed for oestradiol-17β, oestrone and oestriol. Comparison with the reported results of similar assays in women revealed a marked difference between the two species. The concentrations of all steroids measured in the monkey were invariably lower than the corresponding human ones, the difference in placental progesterone being of the order of 30–40 times. Oestriol appears to be absent from the urine of pregnant macaques. The reason for the difference in hormone levels between pregnant women and rhesus monkeys would seem to be the lesser endocrine activity of the monkey placenta. These findings are briefly discussed and it is tentatively concluded that in the production (and probably in the metabolism) of oestrogens and progesterone during pregnancy the macaque appears more closely related to the domestic animals than to the higher primates.

Control of ovarian follicular growth and maturation by the corpus luteum and the placenta during pregnancy in sheep

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Driancourt ◽  
J Fevre ◽  
J Martal ◽  
KH Al-Gubory
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Mating Experiment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Growth

Ovarian follicular growth and maturation and its control throughout pregnancy have not been described fully in sheep. Experiment 1 characterized the size and maturation (steroid production in vitro and aromatase activity) of ovarian follicles obtained at days 20, 50, 80 and 110 of pregnancy compared with those obtained at day 12 of the oestrous cycle. There was no difference in the number of small follicles (< 3 mm in diameter) between cyclic and pregnant ewes, regardless of the stage of pregnancy. There was a marked reduction (P < 0.01) in the number of medium follicles (3-5 mm) starting at day 80 of pregnancy. Large follicles (> 5 mm) were not detected at day 110 of pregnancy. In vitro testosterone output by follicles was constant throughout pregnancy. Oestradiol output remained steady until day 80, but decreased markedly at day 110 of pregnancy. This decrease was associated with a reduction in aromatase activity in follicles obtained at this stage. Experiment 2 examined the effect of administration of high concentrations of progesterone between day 100 and day 120 after mating on resumption of follicular growth in ewes that underwent Caesarean section at day 99 of pregnancy. In ewes that underwent Caesarean section, progesterone supplementation was successful in mimicking the profile found in pregnant ewes, but did not prevent re-initiation of follicular growth, as demonstrated by the presence of large follicles (> 5 mm) at day 120 after mating. Experiment 3 examined the effects of PGF(2alpha)-induced regression of the corpus luteum of day 100 of pregnancy on resumption of follicular growth. High concentrations of PGF(2alpha) (0.28 mg kg(-1) body weight) administrated at day 100 of pregnancy were required to initiate regression of the corpus luteum. At day 120 after mating, the mean (+/- SEM) diameter of the largest follicle in PGF(2alpha)-treated ewes (3.40 +/- 0.47 mm) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in control pregnant ewes (2.52 +/- 0.34 mm). Experiment 4 examined the effect of removal of the fetus and of the corpus luteum at day 100 of pregnancy on resumption of ovulation. Removal of the corpus luteum by PGF(2alpha) treatment at the time of removal of the fetus resulted in earlier occurrence of short luteal phases (27.8 versus 40.6 days, PGF(2alpha)-treated versus non-treated) but did not alter the timing of the first normal luteal phases (41 days). In conclusion, the results from these experiments indicate that placental compounds play a major role in inhibiting follicular growth and maturation during late pregnancy in sheep.

PROSTAGLANDINS IN THE PLASMA AND AMNIOTIC FLUID OF RHESUS MONKEYS DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER INTRA-UTERINE FOETAL DEATH

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
J. E. PATRICK ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON ◽  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
J. R. G. CHALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY Prostaglandin F (PGF) was measured in amniotic fluid, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) was measured in maternal peripheral venous plasma and amniotic fluid of rhesus monkeys during late pregnancy. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α was determined in the maternal peripheral venous plasma of two animals following intrauterine foetal death. The mean concentration of PGF and PGFM in amniotic fluid increased fourfold during the last 5 days of pregnancy. This increase was associated with an increase in the oestrone concentration in amniotic fluid and in maternal plasma. In normal pregnancy there was no increase in PGFM levels in the maternal peripheral vein, up to 1–2 days pre partum. After intra-uterine death, progesterone concentration in the maternal peripheral vein was unaltered, but oestrone and oestradiol declined. In plasma samples taken within 12 h of delivery, the concentration of PGFM was raised. It is concluded that an increase in prostaglandin production accompanies delivery at normal term, and at delivery past term following intra-uterine foetal death.

GLYCOGEN METABOLISM IN FETAL, NEONATAL, AND INFANT MUSCLE OF THE RHESUS MONKEY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-420
Author(s):  
Rose Mary Bocek ◽  
Clarissa H. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Infant Rhesus ◽  
Glycogen Turnover

Muscle fiber groups from fetal, neonatal, and infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were incubated with glucose-C14 under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Glycogen concentrations in the 90-day fetal and 4 to 5-day-old neonatal and infant series were lower when incubated under hypoxic than under aerobic conditions. The percent of glucose uptake appearing in glycogen was lowest at 90 days fetal age and highest in the infant series. Hypoxia markedly decreased glucose-C14 incorporation into glycogen. The dilution of the lactate-C14 produced indicated that glycogen turnover can be demonstrated under aerobic conditions as early as 90 days fetal age (55% of gestation) and that glycogen is mobilized from fetal and neonatal muscle under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia increased glycogen mobilization, and the magnitude of glycogenolysis was similar in 90-and 120-day fetal, neonatal, and infant muscle but higher in muscle from fetuses near term (150 and 160 days). Therefore, the increased resistance of the near-term fetus to anoxia which would be fatal to older animals may be partially explained by the increased availability of glycogen stores.

PROSTAGLANDIN E, THROMBOXANE B2 AND 6-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F1α IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND MATERNAL PLASMA OF RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA) DURING THE LATTER THIRD OF GESTATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. ROBINSON ◽  
R. NATALE ◽  
L. CLOVER ◽  
M. D. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Thromboxane B2 ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Serial Samples

The concentrations of prostaglandin E (PGE), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (6-oxo-PGF1α) were measured by radioimmunoassay in serial samples of amniotic fluid and maternal peripheral plasma in the latter third of pregnancy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The samples were collected under ketamine-induced anaesthesia. The concentration of PGE was undetectable in amniotic fluid until a few days before delivery when a large increase was observed in three of the five animals. There were small increases of TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1α in amniotic fluid before delivery. In maternal plasma the concentrations of PGE, TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1α were generally higher and more variable than in amniotic fluid and did not increase with advancing gestation. It is suggested that increased production of primary prostaglandins occurs before, and is involved in, the onset of parturition in the rhesus monkey.

Effect of interferon-γ treatment on the expression of interleukin-1β at the maternal - fetal interface of pregnant rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Fei Xia ◽  
Quan-Hong Sun ◽  
Jing-Pian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Decidua Basalis ◽  
Ifn Γ

In the present study, the possible mechanisms by which interferon (IFN)-γ affects pregnancy were investigated using the cytokine network model. The IFN-γ-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β was examined using western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The results showed that IFN-γ treatment significantly decreased the expression of uterine IL-1β protein during the preimplantation, post-implantation and mid-gestation periods. The expression of IL-1β protein was increased after IFN-γ treatment compared with the control group in late pregnancy. In the placenta, IL-1β protein levels were significantly increased after IFN-γ treatment in early and mid-pregnancy. In late pregnancy, IFN-γ treatment significantly decreased placental IL-1β protein levels. IL-1β was mainly expressed in the myometrium, uterine arteries, decidua basalis, trophospongium of the junctional layer and trophoblastic epithelium of the labyrinthine layers. IL-1β was mainly located in the cytoplasm of in vitro cultured endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). IFN-γ treatment did not affect the distribution of IL-1β, only the expression of IL-1β. The effects of IFN-γ on the proliferation of ESCs were determined using an MTS (a novel tetrazolium compound) assay. IFN-γ treatment inhibited the proliferation of ESCs and decreased the weight of the fetus and placenta. These results indicate that exogenous IFN-γ affects the expression of IL-1β and inhibits ESC proliferation.

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