EFFECT OF CORPORA LUTEA ON PLACENTAL HYPERTROPHY IN RATS

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIGETAKA ICHIKAWA ◽  
YUKIO NAKAMURA ◽  
TSUTOMU SAWADA
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Main Factor

Prepubertal rats, induced to mate by treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (sperm present = day 0), were used in all experiments. The reduction in the number of corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy to four on days 10 or 13 of pregnancy produced placental hypertrophy when compared to sham-operated controls, but a reduction to six had no effect on placental growth. The removal of all primary CL on days 11 or 13 of pregnancy in pregnant rats bearing additional secondary CL induced by an injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on days 5 or 7 of pregnancy also resulted in placental hypertrophy. Ovarian secretion of progesterone on day 13 of pregnancy was significantly lowered after reducing CL to four in normal pregnant rats and removing primary CL from rats treated with hCG on day 5. Removal of primary CL from rats treated with hCG on day 5 had no effect on oestradiol-17β secretion, whereas reducing CL to four in normal pregnant rats significantly increased it. Daily injections of 4 mg progesterone until day 17 of pregnancy from the day of reduction of the number of CL, or from the day of removal of primary CL, prevented placental hypertrophy. These results suggest that the decrease of progesterone, but not of oestrogen, is the main factor inducing placental hypertrophy in ovariectomized pregnant rats.

Difference in luteal and placental P45017α: substrate preference and hormonal regulation in the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
B. Eckstein ◽  
I. Khan ◽  
G. Gibori
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the substrate specificity of P45017α in both the corpus luteum and placenta of pregnant rats, and to analyse the site at which LH/human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) regulates the activities of this enzyme. To distinguish the substrate preference, placentas and corpora lutea were obtained from rats on day 15 of pregnancy. Tissues were homogenized and the 10 000 g supernatants incubated in the presence of equimolar concentrations of [14C]progesterone and [3H]17α-hydroxyprogesterone as substrate with either NADH or NADPH as cofactors for 2, 8, 16 and 24 min. The labelling pattern of both 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone indicated that the corpus luteum produced testosterone preferentially from progesterone, whereas the placenta principally used 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and synthesized six times as much testosterone from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone than from progesterone. Addition of either NADPH or NADH as cofactors had no effect on substrate preference. The products of the two enzymatic activities were identified by recrystallization to constant 14C/3H ratios. The ratio of 14C/3H in testosterone produced by the corpus luteum was 16-fold higher than in that produced by the placenta. To explore which of the two activities of P45017α is regulated by the gonadotrophin, rats were treated with either 1·5 IU hCG or vehicle between days 13 and 15 of pregnancy. Hydroxylase and lyase activities were determined on day 15 after incubation for 2,8,16 or 24 min in the presence of either NADH or NADPH. Administration of hCG significantly inhibited NADH-dependent 17α-hydroxylase in the placenta at each time-point studied. The inhibition reached 69% at 24 min. Human chorionic gonadotrophin did not affect the NADPH-dependent 17α-hydroxylase and had only a slight inhibitory effect on both NADH- and NADPH-dependent 17,20-lyase activities in the placenta. In contrast to its effect on the placenta, hCG stimulated both NADH- and NADPH-linked 17,20-lyase activities but had no measurable effect on 17α-hydroxylase activities in the corpus luteum. In summary, the results of the present investigation have revealed a significant difference in the behaviour of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase activities in the placenta and corpus luteum. The substrate preference and the control of both enzyme activities by LH/hCG differs dramatically. J. Endocr. (1987) 115, 387–393

THE EFFECT OF CHLORMADINONE ON THE RESPONSE OF THE OVARIES AND UTERUS OF THE IMMATURE RAT TO GONADOTROPHIC STIMULATION

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. K. HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Intact Rats

SUMMARY The effects of chlormadinone (6-chloro-Δ6-17α-acetoxyprogesterone), an orally active progestational agent without significant oestrogenic activity, on the response of the ovaries of intact and hypophysectomized immature female rats to exogenous gonadotrophin have been examined. Administration of the steroid whether starting on the same day as, or 4 days before treatment with gonadotrophin, did not depress the ovarian response in intact rats. In hypophysectomized animals, pretreated with the progestagen, the ovarian response to gonadotrophin was depressed. In intact rats, treatment with the steroid and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) resulted in ovulation, whereas in similar animals given PMSG alone no corpora lutea were found. Corpora lutea were seen in all groups given PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) but ovulation occurred earlier when, in addition, treatment with the steroid was included. In only one experiment with intact rats did administration of the steroid alone cause a significant increase in uterine weight compared with controls. In neither experiment on hypophysectomized animals did such an increase occur, and significant decreases were recorded.

Hormonal synchronization of ovulation in beef heifers and fertility after artificial insemination

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

After ovarian examination, and enucleation of corpora lutea where possible, groups of beef heifers on farms in the New England region were injected with progesterone in oil for 6 days. This was followed in some experiments by treatment with placental gonadotrophins. Artificial insemination was carried out 3–5 days after the final injection of progesterone. The effects of dose of progesterone, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin on fertility were observed. Fertility was highest in heifers in which the corpus luteum was enucleated prior to injection of progesterone.

STIMULATION BY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN OF OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: COMPARISON WITH PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; UTILIZATION OF EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Cell suspensions were prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the mid- and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both oestradiol and progesterone production by dispersed cells were stimulated by similar concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As the degree of stimulation of production by hCG was greater for progesterone than for oestradiol (five- to tenfold compared with two- to threefold higher than basal production), the ratio of progesterone to oestradiol produced varied according to the level of trophic stimulation. A comparison of cell suspensions prepared from mid- and late-luteal phase corpora lutea, exposed to the same concentration of hCG (10 i.u./ml) in vitro, did not reveal a shift to oestradiol production in the late-luteal phase. Provision of additional testosterone during incubation raised the level of oestradiol production by dispersed luteal cells. At an optimum concentration of testosterone (1 μmol/l), oestradiol synthesis was not raised further in the presence of hCG or N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a lack of induction or activation of the aromatase system by gonadotrophin in short-term cultures. Basal and stimulated levels of progesterone production were not significantly impaired in the presence of testosterone.

Oxytocin may play a role in the control of the human corpus luteum

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
R. Tweedale ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

The effects of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cells from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle were studied. Oxytocin at a concentration of 4 mi.u./ml produced a slight increase in basal progesterone production. However, higher oxytocin concentrations (400 and 800 mi.u./ml) markedly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced progesterone production. These data provide evidence for an effect of oxytocin on the human corpus luteum. In view of the inhibitory action of oxytocin, increased secretion of this hormone may be important in the demise of the corpus luteum at the end of the menstrual cycle.

Internalization of receptor-bound human chorionic gonadotrophin in preovulatory rat granulosa cells in vivo

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Jääkeläinen ◽  
Seppo Markkanen ◽  
Hannu Rajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Silver Grains ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Abstract. The subcellular distribution of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in preovulatory rat granulosa cells was studied in vivo. Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin-pretreated immature female rats received an iv injection of [125I]hCG a few hours before the endogenous preovulatory gonadotrophin surge. The animals were killed at 2 or 6 h after the [125I]hCG injections. Light microscope autoradiographs showed that the mural granulosa cells of large follicles were the most highly labelled cells in the ovaries. Electron microscope autoradiography was used to study the subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the mural granulosa cells. At 2 h 45% of the counted silver grains were associated with the plasma membrane and 10% with the lysosomes, at 6 h the values were 51% and 9%, respectively. The distribution of the observed silver grains was compared with the generated expected source to grain pairs by computerized linear multiple regression analysis. The magnitudes of the regression coefficients revealed that the plasma membrane and the lysosomes were the only specifically 125I-labelled organelles, that a few radioactive molecules were located diffusely over the cytoplasm at 2 h and that the 125I-radioactivity of the nuclei was negligible. The present results suggest that preovulatory rat granulosa cells are in vivo able to internalize into lysosomes [125I]hCG initially bound to LH/hCG receptors of the plasma membrane.

Effects of thymulin on spontaneous puberty and gonadotrophin-induced ovulation in prepubertal normal and hypothymic mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hinojosa ◽  
R Chavira ◽  
R Dominguez ◽  
P Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

The effects of thymulin administration beginning on days 19 or 24 of age on spontaneous puberty and gonadotrophin-induced ovulation were analysed in female normal and hypothymic mice. In normal and hypothymic mice, the daily administration of thymulin at 24 days of age resulted in a delay in the age of vaginal opening, with an increase in serum progesterone levels. Normal mice treated with 200 ng thymulin beginning on day 19 of age and injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 24 h later had an increase in ovulation rate, number of ova shed and weight of the ovaries. None of the hypothymic mice treated with thymulin on day 19 and PMSG on day 20 ovulated. PMSG treatment on day 25 induced ovulation in hypothymic mice. When these animals were injected previously with 200 ng thymulin, the number of ova shed by ovulating animals was lower than in PMSG-treated animals. Administration of thymulin and sequential injection of PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin 54 h later resulted in an increase in ovulatory response in comparison with those receiving only PMSG. The results suggest that thymulin plays a role in the regulation of spontaneous puberty through its effects on adrenal and ovarian endocrine functions. The increase in the ovarian PMSG response-treated animals, previously given thymulin, showed that this thymic hormone participates in the regulation of gonadotrophin secretion mechanisms and seems to be dose- and age-dependent. In hypothymic mice, neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating puberty are different from those of normal mice.

CONCENTRATIONS OF CYCLIC AMP IN RABBIT OVARIAN TISSUE DURING THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD AND PSEUDOPREGNANCY AFTER INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. GOFF ◽  
PATRICIA W. MAJOR
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Relationship Of

SUMMARY Concentrations of cyclic AMP were measured in rabbit ovaries at various times after injection of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). A biphasic increase in cyclic AMP concentration occurred during the preovulatory period, with peaks 30 min and 3–4 h after HCG injection. Concentrations of cyclic AMP had returned to those observed in ovaries of control oestrous animals before the onset of ovulation 10–12 h after administration of HCG, and remained low throughout the period of pseudopregnancy. Concentrations of cyclic AMP in the newly formed and developing corpora lutea were similar to the concentrations observed in the remainder of the tissue during this period. No significant increase in cyclic AMP concentration was observed 7–9 days after initiation of ovulation. Concentrations of ATP were also investigated during the preovulatory period. The dose– response relationship of HCG to cyclic AMP production in oestrous rabbit ovaries was investigated.

STIMULATION BY β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS OF THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLIC AMP AND PROGESTERONE IN RAT OVARIAN TISSUE

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT RATNER ◽  
G. K. WEISS ◽  
CAROLYN R. SANBORN
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ovarian tissue from immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin was incubated in Medium 199. Stimulation of the formation of cyclic AMP in follicular and luteal tissue by terbutaline (10−5 mol/l), a selective β2-agonist, was blocked by butoxamine (10−5 mol/l), a selective β2-antagonist, whereas practolol (10−5 mol/l), a selective β1-antagonist, was ineffective. Propranolol (10−5 mol/l), a non-selective β-antagonist, butoxamine nor practolol affected the increase in cyclic AMP promoted by the addition of 1 μg LH. Stimulation of the production of progesterone in both follicular and luteal tissue by terbutaline was blocked by butoxamine, but not by practolol. These findings indicated that β-adrenergic stimulation of ovarian cyclic AMP and progesterone is mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors.

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