Inhibin immunoneutralization by antibodies raised against synthetic peptide sequences of inhibin α subunit: effects on gonadotrophin concentrations and ovulation rate in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Wrathall ◽  
B. J. McLeod ◽  
R. G. Glencross ◽  
A. J. Beard ◽  
P. G. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to explore the effectiveness of synthetic peptide-based vaccines for active and passive autoimmunization of sheep against inhibin. In the first experiment, adult Romney ewes (n = 20) were actively immunized against a synthetically produced peptide that corresponded to the N-terminus of the α-subunit of bovine inhibin (bIα(1–29)-Tyr30). This peptide was conjugated to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) to increase its antigenic properties. Control groups comprised non-immunized (n = 10) and PPD-immunized (n = 10) ewes. Primary immunization (400 μg conjugate/ewe) was followed by two booster immunizations (200 μg conjugate/ewe), given 5 and 8 weeks later. Following synchronization of oestrus using progestagen sponges, ovulation rates were assessed by laparoscopy. Weekly blood samples were taken throughout the experiment. All inhibin-immunized ewes produced antibodies which bound 125I-labelled bovine inhibin (Mr 32 000), and ovulation rate in inhibin-immunized ewes (2·15 ± 0·22; mean ± s.e.m.) was significantly (P<0·01) greater than in both non-immunized (0·90 ± 0·23) and PPD-immunized (1·20 ± 0·13) control groups. Immunization against the peptide, but not against PPD alone, resulted in a modest rise in plasma FSH, with mean levels after the second boost being significantly (P<0·025) higher (22%) than those before immunization. Moreover, when blood samples were taken (2-h intervals) from randomly selected groups of control (n = 7) and inhibin-immunized (n = 7) ewes for an 84-h period following withdrawal of progestagen sponges, the mean plasma concentration of FSH during the 48 h immediately before the preovulatory LH surge was 37% greater (P< 0·025) in immunized than in control animals. However, more frequent blood sampling (every 15 min for 12 h) during follicular and mid-luteal phases of the oestrous cycle revealed no significant differences between treatment groups in mean plasma concentrations of FSH. In addition, neither mean concentrations of LH nor the frequency and amplitude of LH episodes differed between immunized and control ewes. However, the mean response of LH to a 2 μg bolus of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, given during the luteal phase, was significantly (P<0·05) less in immunized than in control ewes. These findings indicate that active immunization of Romney ewes against a synthetic fragment of inhibin can promote a controlled increase in ovulation rate, but this response cannot be unequivocally related to an increase in plasma levels of FSH. In the second experiment, passive immunization of seasonally anoestrous ewes (mule × Suffolk crossbred; n = 6 per group) against inhibin, using an antiserum raised in sheep against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the α-subunit of human inhibin promoted a rapid (<3 h), dose-dependent rise in plasma levels of FSH which remained increased (2·5-fold; P<0·001) for up to 30 h. Plasma concentrations of LH, however, were unaffected by treatment with the antiserum. It is deduced from this observation that, even in the seasonally anoestrous ewe, the ovary secretes physiologically active levels of inhibin, which exert an inhibitory action on the synthesis and secretion of FSH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 167–176

ANNUAL VARIATIONS IN PLASMA LEVELS OF TESTOSTERONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE LABORATORY MALE MONGREL DOG

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. FALVO ◽  
L. R. DEPALATIS ◽  
J. MOORE ◽  
T. A. KEPIC ◽  
J. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Cyclic Pattern ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Mongrel Dog ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Blood samples, drawn every 15 days (September 1975–September 1976) from four laboratory-housed male mongrel dogs, were assayed by radioimmunoassay for levels of testosterone and LH in the plasma. The mean plasma concentrations of testosterone remained relatively constant for most of the year with the exception of a significant rise in late August and early September. Mean plasma levels of LH showed a cyclic pattern throughout the year which could be represented by a cosine function curve. However, this cyclic pattern of LH was not accompanied by cyclic changes in plasma levels of testosterone and there was no relationship between these two hormones during the period of 1 year. As the cyclic pattern of LH was altered, the plasma level of testosterone began to rise and reached its highest concentration. Since this alteration of the LH cycle occurred before the increased concentrations of testosterone, and since there was no relationship between these two hormones for the period of a year, we have concluded that there may be another hormone(s) involved which either alters the sensitivity of the canine testis to LH or alters the LH synthesis/release mechanism of the pituitary gland.

Preovulatory follicle development and luteal function in ewes immunized against a synthetic peptide sequence of the α subunit of bovine inhibin

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. McLeod ◽  
M. G. Hunter ◽  
E. C. L. Bleach ◽  
R. G. Glencross ◽  
J. H. M. Wrathall
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Immunization against inhibin consistently results in an increase in ovulation rate in sheep, but the effects that this treatment has on follicle development are unknown. In order to determine the influence of inhibin, parameters of follicle development were assessed in ewes that had been actively immunized against a synthetic peptide homologous to the N-terminal sequence (α1–29, Tyr30) of the a subunit of bovine inhibin, a treatment that neutralizes the biological activity of endogenous inhibin. The final stages of preovulatory follicle development that culminate in ovulation were induced in seasonally anoestrous ewes, and follicles were recovered prior to the predicted time of ovulation. After priming with progestagen, inhibin-immunized and control ewes were treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by continuous infusion (200 ng/h). The ovaries were recovered at slaughter 24 h after the start of GnRH treatment and all follicles ≥ 2·0 mm diameter were dissected out and their capacity to produce oestradiol in vitro was assessed. Further groups of similarly treated animals were blood-sampled daily to determine luteal function following GnRH-induced ovulation. The ovaries were recovered from these ewes at slaughter 10 days after the start of GnRH treatment, the corpora lutea were dissected out and their progesterone content was assessed. There were more (P < 0·01) follicles of 5–6 mm diameter (3·2 ± 0·45 (s.e.m.) compared with 1·1 ± 0·25 follicles/ewe) and more (P < 0·001) follicles of > 6 mm diameter (2·8 ± 0·56 compared with 0·9 ± 0·17 follicles/ewe) in inhibin-immunized than in control ewes. In addition, the mean number of the antral follicles that were oestrogenic was greater (P < 0·05) in immunized than in control ewes (2·8 ± 0·66 compared with 1·3 ± 0·25 follicles/ewe). In animals slaughtered 10 days after the start of GnRH treatment, mean ovulation rate was greater (3·17 ± 0·65 and 1·14 ± 0·14, P < 0·01) in inhibin-immunized ewes. Although there was more (P < 0·01) total luteal tissue/ewe in the immunized group, both the mean weight and progesterone content (ng/mg tissue) of individual corpora lutea were similar between treatment groups. Mean plasma progesterone levels increased earlier and reached higher (P < 0·01) mean concentrations in immunized than in control ewes. These results demonstrate that immunization against inhibin increases the number of preovulatory follicles during the follicular phase, and that steroidogenesis within these follicles and the resultant corpora lutea appears to be normal. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 413–419

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Ibuprofen: Plasma Concentrations in Man

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M E Janssen ◽  
J F Venema
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Value

The plasma levels of Ibuprofen were measured in five healthy subjects who took 600 mg tablets of Ibuprofen twice daily, three times daily and four times daily in a crossover study. Peak plasma levels were obtained 1 hour after the first dose in all but one subject (slow absorber), the mean peak value being 51·3 μg.ml−1 (range 39·4–63·7 μg.ml−1). After the repeated dose regimens of two, three or four times daily of ibuprofen, the peak levels achieved were in a similar range to those seen after the first dose: Twice daily 39·4–66·4 μg.ml−1 Three times daily 43·6–63·3 μg.ml−1 Four times daily 44·1–58·4 μg.ml−1 There was no evidence of accumulation of the drug and no side-effects occurred during the trial.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TWO-SITE IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY FOR DIMERIC INHIBIN USING ANTIBODIES AGAINST CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED FRAGMENTS OF THE α AND β SUBUNIT

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. R9-R12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Knight ◽  
N. Groome ◽  
A.J. Beard
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT A two-site (liquid-phase) immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for dimeric inhibin has been developed using antibodies raised against synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to the N-terminus (1-32) of the α subunit and the C-terminal region (82-114) of the βA subunit of Mr ∼30,000 human inhibin. Highly-purified Mr 32,000 bovine inhibin (standard) gave a dilution curve parallel to those for bovine follicular fluid (bFF), human (h)FF and rat ovary extract. Whilst the assay detected both Mr 56,000 and 32,000 inhibin forms in bFF, little reaction with higher Mr forms was evident. Cross-reaction of 'free' inhibin subunit (Mr 25,000 form) and recombinant human activin A in the IRMA were minimal (< 0.1 and < 2% respectively). Although the detection limit of the IRMA (∼ 50 pg/tube) was similar to that of several reported radioimmunoassays (RIA), the IRMA was unable to detect dimeric inhibin in jugular or utero-ovarian vein plasma of heifers. Similarly, when assayed by IRMA, bFF, hFF and rat ovary extract contained 8-58 times less inhibin than was indicated by RIA. These observations are consistent with earlier evidence that the ovary secretes a substantial excess of 'free' inhibin α subunit and that this material reaches the peripheral circulation. Surprisingly, however, the inhibin contents of bFF, hFF and rat ovary extract determined by in vitro bioassay were 8-23 times greater than the corresponding IRMA values, being similar to those derived by RIA. It is suggested that this quantitative discrepancy between inhibin contents estimated by IRMA and bioassay may be due to (1) loss of bioactivity of the inhibin standard during its purification and/or storage, (2) failure of the IRMA to detect high Mr forms of bioactive inhibin and/or (3) cross reaction of follistatin and other FSH-suppressing substances in the in vitro bioassay.

scholarly journals The feeding route (enteral or parenteral) affects the plasma response of the dipetide Ala-Gln and the amino acids glutamine, citrulline and arginine, with the administration of Ala-Gln in preoperative patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdien C. Melis ◽  
Petra G. Boelens ◽  
Joost R. M. van der Sijp ◽  
Theodora Popovici ◽  
Jean-Pascal De Bandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Enteral Administration ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Arginine Concentration

Enhancement of depressed plasma concentrations of glutamine and arginine is associated with better clinical outcome. Supplementation of glutamine might be a way to provide the patient with glutamine, and also arginine, because glutamine provides the kidney with citrulline, from which the kidney produces arginine when plasma levels of arginine are low. The aim of the present study was to investigate the parenteral and enteral response of the administered dipeptide Ala-Gln, glutamine, citrulline and arginine. Therefore, seven patients received 20 g Ala-Gln, administered over 4 h, parenterally or enterally, on two separate occasions. Arterial blood samples were taken before and during the administration of Ala-Gln. ANOVA and a pairedttest were used to test differences (P<0·05). Ala-Gln was undetectable with enteral administration, whereas Ala-Gln remained stable at a plasma concentration of 268 μmol/l throughout parenteral infusion and rapidly decreased towards zero after infusion was stopped. The highest level of glutamine was observed with parenteral infusion of the dipeptide, although enteral infusion also significantly increased plasma levels of glutamine. The highest plasma response of citrulline was observed with the enteral administration of the dipeptide, although parenteral administration also increased plasma levels of citrulline. Plasma arginine increased significantly with parenteral infusion, but not with enteral administration of Ala-Gln. In conclusion, administrations of Ala-Gln, parenteral or enteral, resulted in an increased plasma glutamine response, as compared with baseline. Interestingly, in spite of the high availability of citrulline with enteral administration of the dipeptide, only parenteral infusion of Ala-Gln increased plasma arginine concentration.

Effects of immunization against recombinant bovine inhibin α subunit on circulating concentrations of gonadotrophins in ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Findlay ◽  
B. Doughton ◽  
D. M. Robertson ◽  
R. G. Forage
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Breeding Seasons

ABSTRACT Immunization of ewes against a pure recombinant preparation of the α subunit of bovine inhibin (α-bI) resulted in a three- to fourfold increase in ovulation rate, associated with antibodies in plasma recognizing pure native 31 kDa inhibin. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of this immunization on basal and GnRH-stimulated plasma concentrations of FSH and LH in ewes during the anoestrous and breeding seasons. The groups were untreated control ewes (n = 5), control ewes treated with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH alone, n = 4), ewes treated with α-bI alone (n = 4) and α-bI–KLH conjugate-treated ewes (n = 3). There were no effects of immunization on basal FSH or LH in anoestrous ewes, despite the presence of antibodies recognizing 31 kDa inhibin. In the breeding season, immunization against α-bI resulted in increased basal (follicular phase, P < 0·1; luteal phase P < 0·05) and GnRH-stimulated (follicular phase only, P < 0·001) release of FSH, but not LH. The data are compatible with the hypotheses that the increase in ovulation rate in immunized ewes is due to an increase in circulating FSH concentrations and that inhibin may only have a major peripheral influence on FSH in sheep during the breeding season. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 59–65

Effect of active immunization of heifers against inhibin on plasma FSH concentrations, ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Glencross ◽  
E. C. L. Bleach ◽  
B. J. McLeod ◽  
A. J. Beard ◽  
P. G. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development

ABSTRACT To study the effects of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin on gonadotrophin secretion and ovarian function, prepubertal heifers (n = 6) were actively immunized against a synthetic peptide replica of the N-terminal sequence of bovine inhibin α subunit bIα(1–29)Tyr30) coupled to ovalbumin. In contrast to ovalbumin-immunized controls (n=6), bIα(1–29)Tyr30-immunized heifers had detectable inhibin antibody titres (% binding to 125I-labelled bovine inhibin at 1:2000 dilution of plasma) of 17 ± 3% (s.e.m.) at puberty, rising to 31 ± 5% by the end of the study period 7 months later. Neither age (immunized: 295 ± 8 days; controls: 300 ± 5 days) nor body weight (immunized: 254 ± 13 kg; controls 251 ± 9 kg) at onset of puberty differed between groups. Although the difference did not reach statistical significance, mean plasma FSH concentrations recorded in inhibin-immunized heifers remained 35–40% higher than in controls throughout the 12-week period leading up to puberty (P = 0·14) and during nine successive oestrous cycles studied after puberty (P=0·10). Plasma LH concentrations did not differ between groups at any time during the study. Inhibin immunization had no effect on oestrous cycle length (immunized: 19·8±0·5 days; controls: 19·9±0·5 days). However, in comparison with controls, inhibinimmunized heifers had more medium sized (≥0·5 to <1 cm diameter) follicles during both the preovulatory (95%, P<0·001) and post-ovulatory (110%, P < 0·05 waves of follicular growth and more large (>1 cm diameter) follicles during the preovulatory wave (49%, P<0·05). In addition, the number of corpora lutea observed during the post-ovulatory phase of each cycle was significantly greater in the inhibin-immunized group (43%, P<0·01), as was the recorded incidence of cycles with multiple ovulations (19/56 in the inhibin-immunized group compared with 0/54 in controls; P<0·001). All six inhibinimmunized heifers had at least one cycle with multiple ovulation whereas none of the control heifers did so. These results support the conclusion that immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin using a synthetic peptide-based vaccine can enhance ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate in heifers. Whether this ovarian response is dependent upon the expected increase in secretion of FSH remains to be established. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 11–18

PITUITARY LH AND FSH SECRETION AND RESPONSIVENESS IN WOMEN OF OLD AGE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Scaglia ◽  
Martha Medina ◽  
Ada L. Pinto-Ferreira ◽  
Guadalupe Vazques ◽  
Carlos Gual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Episodic Fluctuations ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT The plasma concentrations and episodic fluctuations of immunoreactive FSH and LH as well as the pituitary sensitivity to LH-RH stimulation were evaluated in post-menopausal women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to age. Group 1: 60–70 years old (n=11), group 2: 70–80 years old (n=22), group 3: 80–90 years old (n=31) and group 4: 90–100 years old (n=8). Standards used in gonadotrophin radioimmunoassays included the LER-907 preparation and a pooled post-menopausal serum. Since it was found that circulating gonadotrophins have an immunological pattern different from that shown by the pituitary preparation, the results were expressed in mIU/ml calculated accordingly to the immunological behaviour of pooled post-menopausal sera. The mean (± se) plasma levels of FSH (mIU/ml) were: group 1: 105.9 ± 9.5, group 2: 149.3 ± 10.5, group 3: 124.8 ± 7.1 and group 4: 149.4 ± 25.3. The mean (± se) plasma levels of LH (mIU/ml) were: group 1: 81.9 ± 12.5, group 2: 95.4 ± 9.9, group 3: 84.3 ± 7.7 and group 4: 113.5 ± 19.1. No statistically significant differences were observed among the 4 groups. One patient from each group was randomly selected in order to evaluate their LH and FSH episodic release as well as their pituitary responsiveness to exogenous stimulation. A pulsatile plasma pattern of gonadotrophin and a normal pituitary response to LH-RH injection were observed in the 4 patients studied. The results are interpreted as demonstrating that normal pituitary gonadotrophin function and pituitary reserve and responsiveness to exogenous stimulation are maintained in women of advanced age.

Pharmacokinetics of Prilocaine after Intravenous Administration in Volunteers 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auke Dirk van der Meer ◽  
Anton G. L. Burm ◽  
Rudolf Stienstra ◽  
Jack W. van Kleef ◽  
Arie A. Vletter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Unbound Fraction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background Prilocaine exists in two stereoisomeric configurations, the enantiomers S(+)- and R(-)-prilocaine. The drug is clinically used as the racemate. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers after intravenous administration of the racemate. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers received 200 mg racemic prilocaine as a 10-min intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected for 8 h after the start of the infusion. Plasma concentrations were measured by stereoselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Unbound fractions of the enantiomers in blank blood samples, spiked with racemic prilocaine, were determined using equilibrium dialysis. Results The unbound fraction of R(-)-prilocaine (mean +/- SD, 70%+/-8%) was smaller (P &lt; 0.05) than that of S(+)-prilocaine (73%+/-5%). The total plasma clearance of R(-)-prilocaine (2.57+/-0.46 l/min) was larger (P &lt; 0.0001) than that of S(+)-prilocaine (1.91+/-0.30 l/min). The steady-state volume of distribution of R(-)-prilocaine (279+/-94 l) did not differ from that of S(+)-prilocaine (291+/-93 l). The terminal half-life of R(-)-prilocaine (87+/-27 min) was shorter (P &lt; 0.05) than that of S(+)-prilocaine (124+/-64 min), as was the mean residence time of R(-)-prilocaine (108+/-30 min) compared with S(+)-prilocaine (155+/-59 min; P &lt; 0.005). Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of prilocaine are enantioselective. The difference in clearance is most likely a result of a difference in intrinsic metabolic clearance. The difference in the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of prilocaine does not seem to be clinically relevant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document