Pup contact induces the expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the brain of female rats: effects of ovariectomy and hypophysectomy on receptor gene expression

1996 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sugiyama ◽  
H Minoura ◽  
N Toyoda ◽  
K Sakaguchi ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Long Form ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA expression levels in the female rat brain (cerebrum) during pup contact stimulation were determined by the reverse transcription-PCR method. The high expression levels of long form PRL-R mRNA found in the brain of lactating rats were markedly reduced by removal of pups, and long form PRL-R mRNA levels were recovered by resumption of pup contact. Interestingly, pup contact stimuli of nulliparous virgin rats also markedly induced long form but not short form PRL-R mRNA expression in the brain in 1·3 days, together with the expression of maternal behaviour. In ovariectomized (OVX) or hypophysectomized (HYPOX) virgin rats, or in OVX plus HYPOX virgin rats, however, brain long form PRL-R mRNA was not significantly induced by pup contact stimuli for as long as 7 days, while maternal behaviour was fully expressed in these rats after 7 days of pup contact. The in situ hybridization experiments revealed that the long form PRL-R mRNA induced in virgin rats in contact with pups or in lactating rats was localized in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. No significant increase in mRNA was detected in other regions of the brain, such as the hypothalamus or cortex, in these maternal female rats. These results suggest that pup contact induces the expression of long form PRL-R mRNA in the choroid plexus of the brain in the presence of female sex steroid and pituitary hormones for the rapid expression of maternal behaviour. Our studies also suggested that maternal behaviour can be expressed in OVX or HYPOX rats after exposure to pups for 7 days without any significant increase in brain PRL-R mRNA expression. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 335–340

scholarly journals Quantitation of prolactin receptor mRNA in the maternal rat brain during pregnancy and lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Augustine ◽  
IC Kokay ◽  
ZB Andrews ◽  
SR Ladyman ◽  
DR Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Prolactin receptor (PRL-R) expression in the brain is increased in lactating rats compared with non-pregnant animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the time-course of changes in PRL-R mRNA levels during pregnancy and/or lactation, and to determine relative levels of the two forms (short and/or long form) of receptor mRNA in specific brain regions. Brains were collected from female rats on dioestrus, days 7, 14 or 21 of pregnancy, day 7 of lactation or day 7 post-weaning. Frozen, coronal sections were cut (300 microm) and specific hypothalamic nuclei and the choroid plexus were microdissected using a punch technique. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, then first strand cDNA was amplified using quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed an up-regulation of long-form PRL-R mRNA in the choroid plexus by day 7 of pregnancy compared with dioestrus, which further increased on days 14 and 21 of pregnancy and day 7 of lactation, and then decreased to dioestrous levels on day 7 post-weaning. Short-form PRL-R mRNA levels increased on day 14 of pregnancy relative to dioestrus, increased further on day 7 of lactation and decreased on day 7 post-weaning. Changes in mRNA were reflected in increased levels of PRL-R immunoreactivity in the choroid plexus during pregnancy and lactation, compared with dioestrus. In the arcuate nucleus, long-form PRL-R mRNA was increased during pregnancy. In contrast to earlier work, no significant changes in short- or long-form PRL-R mRNA expression were detected in several other hypothalamic nuclei, suggesting that changes in hypothalamic mRNA levels may not be as marked as previously thought. The up-regulation of PRL-R mRNA and protein expression in the choroid plexus during pregnancy and lactation suggest a possible mechanism whereby increasing levels of peripheral prolactin during pregnancy may have access to the central nervous system. Together with expression of long-form PRL-R mRNA in specific hypothalamic nuclei, these results support a role for prolactin in regulating neuroendocrine and behavioural adaptations in the maternal brain.

Differential regulation of prolactin receptor mRNA expression in rat liver and kidney by testosterone and oestradiol

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sakaguchi ◽  
T Ohkubo ◽  
T Sugiyama ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
H Ushiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Prolactin (PRL) exerts a wide variety of physiological effects on mammalian tissues through its receptor (PRL-R) on the target cells. PRL-R in rat tissue consists of two isoforms, the long and the short form, and the regulatory mechanisms of their mRNA expression in tissues are complex and diverse. The present study reports the differential regulation of PRL-R mRNA expression in rat liver and kidney by testosterone and oestradiol. Using Northern blot analysis, short form PRL-R mRNA was clearly detected in female rat liver and male rat kidney, and long form PRL-R mRNA was faintly observed only in female rat liver. However, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method enabled efficient analysis of mRNA levels in short and long forms of PRL-R in the liver and kidney of both male and female rats. The mRNA levels for the long and short forms of PRL-R were depressed in the liver of male rats but not in that from female rats during sexual maturation. Castration of male rats resulted in the induction of the mRNAs for these two forms of PRL-R in the liver. Testosterone, but not oestradiol, completely blocked the induction by castration of liver PRL-R gene expression. In kidney, in contrast, mRNA levels for both forms of PRL-R were depressed in female rats but not in male rats after sexual maturation. Administration of oestradiol, but not of testosterone, caused marked repression of short form PRL-R mRNA, particularly in the kidney of male rats. The levels of long form PRL-R mRNA in the kidney was less affected by the administration of oestradiol. These results have suggested that the expression of PRL-R mRNAs in rat liver and kidney is differentially regulated by testosterone and oestrogen. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 383–392

Preferential expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the rat brain during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation: hormones involved in its gene expression

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sugiyama ◽  
H Minoura ◽  
N Kawabe ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
K Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The mRNA species for prolactin receptor (PRL-R) isoforms, long and short form PRL-Rs, were estimated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method in the rat brain (cerebrum) during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation. The levels of long form PRL-R mRNA increased at pro-oestrus and oestrus, at the same time as serum prolactin levels increased, whereas the mRNA level of short form PRL-R was relatively unchanged. Long form PRL-R mRNA expression was also markedly increased in the brain at mid- and late gestation, and this elevated mRNA level was maintained during the period of lactation. In contrast, basal levels of short form PRL-R mRNA were also maintained throughout these periods of gestation and lactation. Ovariectomy moderately reduced brain mRNA levels of both long and short form PRL-R from the levels of those in control dioestrous rats, and hypophysectomy further suppressed them to the lowest levels. Administration of oestradiol valerate (E2V) or 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHPC) to ovariectomized rats resulted in dramatic increases in long form PRL-R mRNA levels in the brain, whereas no significant increase in short form PRL-R mRNA was observed. In rats which were ovariectomized and hypophysectomized, the administration of 17OHPC, rat prolactin or rat GH partially restored the brain level of long form PRL-R mRNA but not short form PRL-R mRNA. E2V, on the other hand, had no effect on the expression of brain PRL-R mRNAs in these hypophysectomized rats, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of E2V on long form PRL-R mRNA expression in ovariectomized rats was mediated by an enhanced secretion of a pituitary hormone, prolactin. These results suggest that the expression of long form PRL-R mRNA in the rat brain is directly induced by progesterone, prolactin or GH during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 325–333

Regulation of prolactin receptor gene expression by thyroid hormone status in the rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Tiong ◽  
J. L. Stevenson ◽  
A. C. Herington
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Mrna Species

ABSTRACT The nature and tissue distribution of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA in both male and female rats was studied. A single mRNA species of 2.2kb was identified in the liver, kidney, adrenal, prostate, lactating mammary gland and ovary but not in the male lung, heart, skeletal muscle, thymus, adipose tissue or brain. There were distinct and contrasting sex differences in abundance of PRL-R mRNA in some tissues: liver (female>>male), kidney and adrenal (male >>female). A mRNA species of 4kb was occasionally detected in the male adrenal and female liver. Given previous reports on the effects of thyroid status on PRL binding, the effects of thyroxine (T4), propylthiouracil (PTU) or combined treatment on PRL-R mRNA were assessed. In the male rat, PTU treatment markedly increased (three- to fourfold) PRL-R mRNA in the liver but decreased it (∼50%) in the kidney. These changes were reflected in similar changes in lactogenic binding activity. T4 or PTU treatment increased PRL-R mRNA in the prostate, with no obvious changes in binding. No major changes were seen in adrenal glands. In the female rat, PTU had little effect on PRL-R mRNA in any tissue, although binding of 125I-labelled lactogen was decreased in both the liver and kidney. There was an unexpected threefold rise in PRL-R mRNA in the female kidney following combined T4 and PTU treatment. Overall, there was a quite close correlation between the effects of thyroid status on PRL-R mRNA levels and specific lactogenic binding to membranes prepared from the same tissue samples. These studies provide data on the tissue distribution and size of PRL-R mRNA in rats and suggest a novel and complex tissue- and sex-dependent regulation by thyroid hormone.

scholarly journals Responses of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity related genes to elevated CO 2 levels in the brain of three teleost species

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 20170240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Lai ◽  
Cathrine E. Fagernes ◽  
Nicholas J. Bernier ◽  
Gabrielle M. Miller ◽  
Philip L. Munday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

The continuous increase of anthropogenic CO 2 in the atmosphere resulting in ocean acidification has been reported to affect brain function in some fishes. During adulthood, cell proliferation is fundamental for fish brain growth and for it to adapt in response to external stimuli, such as environmental changes. Here we report the first expression study of genes regulating neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in brains of three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ), cinnamon anemonefish ( Amphiprion melanopus ) and spiny damselfish ( Acanthochromis polyacanthus ) exposed to elevated CO 2 . The mRNA expression levels of the neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD) and doublecortin (DCX) were upregulated in three-spined stickleback exposed to high-CO 2 compared with controls, while no changes were detected in the other species. The mRNA expression levels of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) remained unaffected in the high-CO 2 exposed groups compared to the control in all three species. These results indicate a species-specific regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis in response to elevated ambient CO 2 levels. The higher expression of NeuroD and DCX mRNA transcripts in the brain of high-CO 2 –exposed three-spined stickleback, together with the lack of effects on mRNA levels in cinnamon anemonefish and spiny damselfish, indicate differences in coping mechanisms among fish in response to the predicted-future CO 2 level.

scholarly journals Exploring the mRNA expression level of RELN in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Yin ◽  
Yana Lu ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Zhanzhan Dai ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: The Reelin (RELN) gene encodes the protein reelin, which is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a key role in brain development. Additionally, this protein may be involved in memory formation, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity, which have been shown to be disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ). A decreasing trend in the expression of RELN mRNA in the brain and peripheral blood of SCZ patients has been observed. There is a need to determine whether changes in RELN mRNA expression in SCZ patients are the result of long-term antipsychotic treatment rather than the etiological characteristics of schizophrenia. The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the peripheral blood of 48 healthy controls and 30 SCZ patients before and after 12-weeks of treatment were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.Results: The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the SCZ group were significantly lower than that of healthy controls; however, after 12-weeks of antipsychotic treatment, RELN mRNA levels were significantly increased in the SCZ group.Conclusion: The up-regulation of RELN mRNA expression was current in SCZ patients after antipsychotic treatment, suggesting that the changes in RELN mRNA expression were related to the effect of the antipsychotic treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring the mRNA expression level of RELN in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment

Hereditas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Yin ◽  
Yana Lu ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Zhanzhan Dai ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The Reelin (RELN) gene encodes the protein reelin, which is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a key role in brain development. Additionally, this protein may be involved in memory formation, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity, which have been shown to be disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ). A decreasing trend in the expression of RELN mRNA in the brain and peripheral blood of SCZ patients has been observed. There is a need to determine whether changes in RELN mRNA expression in SCZ patients are the result of long-term antipsychotic treatment rather than the etiological characteristics of schizophrenia. The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the peripheral blood of 48 healthy controls and 30 SCZ patients before and after 12-weeks of treatment were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Results The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the SCZ group were significantly lower than that of healthy controls; however, after 12-weeks of antipsychotic treatment, RELN mRNA levels were significantly increased in the SCZ group. Conclusion The up-regulation of RELN mRNA expression was current in SCZ patients after antipsychotic treatment, suggesting that the changes in RELN mRNA expression were related to the effect of the antipsychotic treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring the mRNA Expression Level of RELN in Peripheral Blood of Schizophrenia Patients Before and After Antipsychotic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Yin ◽  
Yana Lu ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Zhanzhan Dai ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: The Reelin (RELN) gene encodes the protein reelin, which is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a key role in brain development. Additionally, this protein may be involved in memory formation, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity, which have been shown to be disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ). A decreasing trend in the expression of RELN mRNA in the brain and peripheral blood of SCZ patients has been observed. There is a need to determine whether changes in RELN mRNA expression in SCZ patients are the result of long-term antipsychotic treatment rather than the etiological characteristics of schizophrenia. The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the peripheral blood of 48 healthy controls and 30 SCZ patients before and after 12-weeks of treatment were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the SCZ group were significantly lower than that of healthy controls; however, after 12-weeks of antipsychotic treatment, RELN mRNA levels were significantly increased in the SCZ group.Conclusion: The up-regulation of RELN mRNA expression was concurrent with the improvement of symptoms in SCZ patients after antipsychotic treatment, suggesting that the changes in RELN mRNA expression were related to the effect of the antipsychotic treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring the mRNA expression level of RELN in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Yin ◽  
Yana Lu ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Zhanzhan Dai ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: The Reelin (RELN) gene encodes the protein reelin, which is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a key role in brain development. Additionally, this protein may be involved in memory formation, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity, which have been shown to be disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ). A decreasing trend in the expression of RELN mRNA in the brain and peripheral blood of SCZ patients has been observed. There is a need to determine whether changes in RELN mRNA expression in SCZ patients are the result of long-term antipsychotic treatment rather than the etiological characteristics of schizophrenia. The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the peripheral blood of 48 healthy controls and 30 SCZ patients before and after 12-weeks of treatment were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The expression levels of RELN mRNA in the SCZ group were significantly lower than that of healthy controls; however, after 12-weeks of antipsychotic treatment, RELN mRNA levels were significantly increased in the SCZ group. Conclusion: The up-regulation of RELN mRNA expression was current in SCZ patients after antipsychotic treatment, suggesting that the changes in RELN mRNA expression were related to the effect of the antipsychotic treatment.

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