scholarly journals Resistin expression and plasma concentration peak at different times during pregnancy in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Caja ◽  
Izaskun Martínez ◽  
María Abelenda ◽  
Marisa Puerta
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

Resistin has been proposed as both an anti-adipogenic factor and an inducer of insulin resistance. During late pregnancy, white adipose tissue mass increases and insulin sensitivity decreases. To check for the involvement of resistin in these processes, we measured plasma resistin in pregnant and non-pregnant rats and in lactating dams. Plasma resistin increased by day 15 of pregnancy and remained high 5 days post partum. The simultaneous increase in plasma resistin concentration and the decrease in insulin sensitivity is compatible with resistin depressing maternal insulin sensitivity. Resistin expression increased 5–15 times in visceral white adipose tissue depots by day 8 of pregnancy but was similar to pre-pregnancy values by day 19. Resistin expression in the placenta and mammary gland was similar to that in the parametrial adipose depot by day 8 but was almost null by day 19. There was therefore a time-lag between the peaks in expression and in plasma concentration. White adipose tissue mass increased without changes in adipocyte size once peaks in resistin expression had passed, which is compatible with an anti-adipogenic role for enhanced resistin expression. A bolus injection of chorionic gonadotrophin – which peaks in early pregnancy – to non-pregnant rats increased resistin expression in white adipose tissue, indicating that this hormone is involved in controlling resistin expression. Resistin was not detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Our results have suggested a role for resistin in pregnancy.

scholarly journals MED19 Regulates Adipogenesis and Maintenance of White Adipose Tissue Mass by Mediating PPARγ-Dependent Gene Expression

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dean ◽  
Anyuan He ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Dongliang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

scholarly journals Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidewij Schipper ◽  
Steffen van Heijningen ◽  
Giorgio Karapetsas ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

AbstractIndividual housing from weaning onwards resulted in reduced growth rate during adolescence in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice. Body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice during adulthood, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice results in impaired adolescent growth and higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood. Mice are widely used to study obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. For (metabolic) research models using mice, (social) housing practices should be carefully considered and regarded as a potential confounder due to their modulating effect on metabolic health outcomes.

scholarly journals The PDK1-FoxO1 signaling in adipocytes controls systemic insulin sensitivity through the 5-lipoxygenase–leukotriene B4axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 11674-11684
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hosooka ◽  
Yusei Hosokawa ◽  
Kaku Matsugi ◽  
Masakazu Shinohara ◽  
Yoko Senga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Impaired Insulin Action ◽  
Microarray Analyses

Although adipocytes are major targets of insulin, the influence of impaired insulin action in adipocytes on metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. We here show that adipocyte-specific PDK1 (3′-phosphoinositide–dependent kinase 1)-deficient (A-PDK1KO) mice manifest impaired metabolic actions of insulin in adipose tissue and reduction of adipose tissue mass. A-PDK1KO mice developed insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis, and this phenotype was suppressed by additional ablation of FoxO1 specifically in adipocytes (A-PDK1/FoxO1KO mice) without an effect on adipose tissue mass. Neither circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin nor inflammatory markers in adipose tissue differed between A-PDK1KO and A-PDK1/FoxO1KO mice. Lipidomics and microarray analyses revealed that leukotriene B4(LTB4) levels in plasma and in adipose tissue as well as the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in adipose tissue were increased and restored in A-PDK1KO mice and A-PDK1/FoxO1KO mice, respectively. Genetic deletion of the LTB4receptor BLT1 as well as pharmacological intervention to 5-LO or BLT1 ameliorated insulin resistance in A-PDK1KO mice. Furthermore, insulin was found to inhibit LTB4production through down-regulation of 5-LO expression via the PDK1−FoxO1 pathway in isolated adipocytes. Our results indicate that insulin signaling in adipocytes negatively regulates the production of LTB4via the PDK1−FoxO1 pathway and thereby maintains systemic insulin sensitivity.

Activation of adipose tissue glycerokinase contributes to increased white adipose tissue mass in mice fed a high-fat diet

Endocrine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Samyra Lopes Buzelle ◽  
Franciele Przygodda ◽  
Rafael Rossi-Valentim ◽  
Graziella Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Maria Antonieta Rissato Garófalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

scholarly journals High Dietary Sodium Intake Increases White Adipose Tissue Mass and Plasma Leptin in Rats*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam H. Fonseca-Alaniz ◽  
Luciana C. Brito ◽  
Cristina N. Borges-Silva ◽  
Julie Takada ◽  
Sandra Andreotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Plasma Leptin

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid antagonism limits adiposity rebound and glucose intolerance in young male rats following the cessation of daily exercise and caloric restriction

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. E56-E68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Teich ◽  
Emily C. Dunford ◽  
Deanna P. Porras ◽  
Jacklyn A. Pivovarov ◽  
Jacqueline L. Beaudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adiposity Rebound ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

Severe caloric restriction (CR), in a setting of regular physical exercise, may be a stress that sets the stage for adiposity rebound and insulin resistance when the food restriction and exercise stop. In this study, we examined the effect of mifepristone, a glucocorticoid (GC) receptor antagonist, on limiting adipose tissue mass gain and preserving whole body insulin sensitivity following the cessation of daily running and CR. We calorically restricted male Sprague-Dawley rats and provided access to voluntary running wheels for 3 wk followed by locking of the wheels and reintroduction to ad libitum feeding with or without mifepristone (80 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 1 wk. Cessation of daily running and CR increased HOMA-IR and visceral adipose mass as well as glucose and insulin area under the curve during an oral glucose tolerance test vs. pre-wheel lock exercised rats and sedentary rats (all P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were preserved and adipose tissue mass gain was attenuated by daily mifepristone treatment during the post-wheel lock period. These findings suggest that following regular exercise and CR there are GC-induced mechanisms that promote adipose tissue mass gain and impaired metabolic control in healthy organisms and that this phenomenon can be inhibited by the GC receptor antagonist mifepristone.

scholarly journals How does 6 months of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise affect insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal fat? A randomised controlled trial in individuals with overweight and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 1183-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Mads Rosenkilde ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Marie Tindborg ◽  
Anders Nymark Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes).Methods188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity were recruited. In the 6-month trial, 130 participants were randomised to either: no intervention (CON), active commuting (BIKE) or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, 50% VO2peak) or vigorous (VIG, 70% VO2peak) intensity. 100 completed follow-up testing. Exercise prescription was 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1600 kcal for women and 2100 kcal for men. Testing was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (ml/min/pmol insulin/L) increased (improved) by 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%, p=0.01) in VIG compared with CON at 3 months. Peripheral insulin sensitivity increased (improved) by 20% in BIKE (95% CI 1% to 43%, p=0.04) and 26% in VIG (95% CI 7% to 47%, p<0.01) compared with CON at 6 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in all exercise groups compared with CON at 6 months; but the increase was higher in those that undertook vigorous exercise than those who did moderate exercise. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass diminished across all exercise groups in comparison to CON at 6 months.ConclusionsActive bike commuting improved cardiometabolic health; as did leisure-time exercise. Leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity conferred more rapid effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as additional effects on cardiorespiratory fitness than did moderate intensity exercise.Trial registrationNCT01962259

scholarly journals High fat diet induces an increase in the direct phosphorylation of glycerol which can contribute for the increase in white adipose tissue mass (575.2)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyra Buzelle ◽  
Graziella Ferreira‐Sodré ◽  
Rafael Valentim ◽  
Franciele Przygodda ◽  
Maria Antonieta Garófalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass
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