Progress in fabrication and applications of micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Shuangshuang Xu ◽  
Xiaoting Xing ◽  
Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
Oil Water Separation

Natural biological surfaces such as lotus leaves and water striders have micro- and nanostructures and low-surface-energy materials, possessing excellent superhydrophobicity. It has become an important research topic to construct bionic superhydrophobic surfaces and explore their functional applications. This paper reviews the research progress on the fabrication and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces with micro/nanostructures. The techniques used for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces, including the template method, nano-imprinting technique, laser-treatment, plasma treatment, electrospinning technique, solution-chemical etching method, electrochemical technique, phase separation method and sol–gel process, were introduced. Also, the diverse functional applications of superhydrophobic surfaces such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, oil–water separation, anti-corrosion and drag reduction were summarised. It is believed that green fabrication will become the future development direction of superhydrophobic surfaces. Further exploration for the superhydrophobic surfaces with mechanical stability and durability will be expected to expand the application prospect and commercial value of superhydrophobic surfaces.

Recent Patents on Preparation Methods and Mechanical Stability of Superhydrophobic Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolong Li ◽  
Yingtao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Application Fields

Background: Superhydrophobic surfaces have unique wettability and have shown broad application prospects in many fields, such as self-cleaning and lubrication drag reduction. However, the superhydrophobic surfaces are severely restricted by their poor mechanical stability in practical application, and the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic surface is always affected by different preparation methods. Therefore, people pay more attention to the preparation methods of superhydrophobic surfaces. Objective: The study aims to improve the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic surface and expand the application fields of the superhydrophobic surfaces; preparation methods of the superhydrophobic surface have been continuously improved. Methods: This paper reviews various representative patents and papers on preparation methods of the superhydrophobic surface at home and abroad. Results: In this review, the basic methods of preparing superhydrophobic surfaces were introduced, and three typical methods were summarized, such as etching method, coating method, and sol-gel method, then their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. In combination with the latest research progress, it is proposed that the use of environmentally friendly low surface energy modifiers and the use of the one-step method to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces are the future development trends. Aiming at the problem of the mechanical stability of superhydrophobic surfaces, the instability mechanism and stability evaluation methods of superhydrophobic surfaces under mechanical action are reviewed, and three basic methods to improve the mechanical stability of superhydrophobic surfaces are proposed. Conclusion: The optimization of the preparation method of the superhydrophobic surface is beneficial to improve the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic surface and expand the application prospect of the superhydrophobic surfaces in various fields. More patents and papers on the superhydrophobic surface will be invented later.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Oil-Water Separation, Recyclable, Magnetic Particles CoFe2O4/SDB

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailin Liu ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
Yue Fan ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Xianyan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Abstract In the oil-water separation, the difficulty to recover and low hydrophobicity are key limitation factors for practical applications. In this paper, we design Cobalt ferrite hybird Polystyrene divinylbenzene microspheres (CoFe2O4/SDB), which were conducted through in-situ suspension copolymerization. The CoFe2O4 is prepared by low heat solid phase sol-gel method. It had been found that the CoFe2O4/SDB have a spherical structure, good adsorption behavior, highly hydrophobicity and even superhydrophobicity. The adsorption capacity of CoFe2O4/SDB composites could absorb kerosene up to 6 times of its own weight. Interestingly, kerosene can be easily separated from the surface of CoFe2O4/SDB particles with ultrasonic operation. CoFe2O4/SDB particles can still maintain good hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity of kerosene after 11 cycles after drying. With in situ polymerization of St、DVB and CoFe2O4, CoFe2O4/SDB as a promising absorbent of kerosene which has great potential in application of oil-water separation.

scholarly journals Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic cotton-oil absorbent: preparation and its application in oil/water separation

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (53) ◽  
pp. 30257-30264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lv ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Shitao Peng ◽  
Lei Luo ◽  
Ran Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Oil Sorbent ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Absorbent ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Cotton Oil

A superhydrophobic and superoleophilic oil sorbent was prepared by attaching SiO2 particles onto a cotton fiber surface by a sol–gel method and subsequent octadecyltrichlorosilane modification.

Lightweight, Flexible and Hydrophobic Cotton Fiber/Silica Aerogel Composite by Freeze-Drying for Organic Solvent/Water Separation and Thermal Insulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1820-1824
Author(s):  
Jian-Chun Huo ◽  
Hai-Xia Yang ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
Jie Bai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Organic Reagents ◽  
Strong Adsorption ◽  
Aerogel Composite ◽  
Oil Water Separation

Natural cotton fiber used for reinforcement is low-cost, environmentally friendly, good flexibility and easy to obtain. In this study, a new cotton fiber/silica aerogel composite was developed by sol–gel method via freezedrying. The obtained composite has excellent flexibility and can be restored to its original state after bending for 180° without obvious cracks. After 20 cycles continuous compression, the total unrecoverable strain loss is only 20% under strain of 60%. The composite also shows very prominent hydrophobicity, and the contact angle with water reaches 145 degrees. It has strong adsorption capacity for organic reagents and oil, with adsorption ratios of 500% and 600%, respectively. In addition, the composite has a low thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/(m·K) at room temperature. The obtained composite exhibits considerable promise in oil-water separation and thermal insulation.

Design and fabrication of polydopamine based superhydrophobic fabrics for efficient oil-water separation

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixi Zhang ◽  
Ligui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Gong
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Fabric Surface

In this work, we prepare a PDMS-SiO2-PDA@fabric with high water contact angle (WCA=155o). Combining dopamine self-polymerization and sol-gel method, SiO2 is in situ grown on a PDA-modified fabric surface to...

Fabrication of polysiloxane-modified polyurethane sponge as low-cost organics/water separation and selective absorption material

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1936-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengshan Cui ◽  
Wanxia He ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyurethane Sponge

Through sol-gel and dip-coating processes, commercial polyurethane sponge modified by polysiloxane was fabricated under low temperature (60 °C) and atmosphere. The contact angle of the obtained polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge is 145 ± 5°. Hence, the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge could float on water and selectively absorb organics from the surface of the water, indicating simultaneous properties of hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. The absorbent maximum value is 50–150 times of its own weight. The polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge exhibited excellent recyclability, which could be reused by squeezing the sponge due to its high mechanical stability and flexibility. Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis test indicated that the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge exhibited good thermal stability and the stable contact angle of samples tested under increasing temperature indicated its good weather resistance. Due to the commercial property of polyurethane sponge and easy-handling of polysiloxane, the polysiloxane/polyurethane sponge can be easily scaled up to recover a large-area oil spill in water and further work based on the designed equipment has been under consideration.

A water-rich system of constructing durable and fluorine-free superhydrophobic surfaces for oil/water separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 145165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiping Yang ◽  
Chi Jiang ◽  
Weiqu Liu ◽  
Liyan Liang ◽  
Yankun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water
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