Hepatitis C virus infection and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Japan.

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was determined in 146 adult patients with various types of glomerulonephritis and renal diseases monitored between 1990 and 1993. Serum HCV antibody (HCV Ab) was evaluated, and positive cases were tested for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. HCV infection was present in 1 (1.7%) of 58 cases of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, 0 (0%) of 14 cases of lupus nephritis, 0 (0%) of 12 cases of minimal change nephrosis, and 0 (0%) of 28 cases of other renal diseases, which is similar to the 2% prevalence observed in healthy blood donors in Japan. In contrast, HCV Ab was observed in 2 (8.3%) of 24 cases of membranous nephropathy and 6 (60%) of 10 cases of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) Type I. The prevalence of HCV infection in MPGN patients was significantly higher than the frequency of HCV infection observed in the other patients with renal diseases (P < 0.001). HCV RNA was present in all cases in which HCV Ab was present. The six patients with HCV-MPGN were similar to the four patients with idiopathic MPGN with respect to age, presence of nephrotic syndrome, and renal dysfunction, but had a higher incidence of liver dysfunction, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor, and hypocomplementemia (low C3). HCV infection is present in a large percentage of patients with MPGN in Japan and clinically may differ slightly from other cases of MPGN.

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Replication of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus Replicons in Mouse Fibroblasts Is Facilitated by Deletion of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and Expression of Liver-Specific MicroRNA 122

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00559-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (18) ◽

pp. 9170-9180 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Liang-Tzung Lin ◽

Ryan S. Noyce ◽

Tram N. Q. Pham ◽

Joyce A. Wilson ◽

Gary R. Sisson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Type I Interferon ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Host Factors ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Type I ◽

Interferon Signaling ◽

Mouse Cells

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes significant morbidity, and efficient mouse models would greatly facilitate virus studies and the development of effective vaccines and new therapeutic agents. Entry factors, innate immunity, and host factors needed for viral replication represent the initial barriers that restrict HCV infection of mouse cells. Experiments in this paper consider early postentry steps of viral infection and investigate the roles of interferon regulatory factors (IRF-3 and IRF-9) and microRNA (miR-122) in promoting HCV replication in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) that contain viral subgenomic replicons. While wild-type murine fibroblasts are restricted for HCV RNA replication, deletion of IRF-3 alone can facilitate replicon activity in these cells. This effect is thought to be related to the inactivation of the type I interferon synthesis mediated by IRF-3. Additional deletion of IRF-9 to yield IRF-3−/− IRF-9−/− MEFs, which have blocked type I interferon signaling, did not increase HCV replication. Expression of liver-specific miR-122 in MEFs further stimulated the synthesis of HCV replicons in the rodent fibroblasts. The combined effects of miR-122 expression and deletion of IRF-3 produced a cooperative stimulation of HCV subgenome replication. miR-122 and IRF-3 are independent host factors that are capable of influencing HCV replication, and our findings could help to establish mouse models and other cell systems that support HCV growth and particle formation.

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Hepatitis C virus serum markers and liver disease in children with leukemia during and after chemotherapy

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v82.8.2564.bloodjournal8282564 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 2564-2567 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Locasciulli ◽

D Cavalletto ◽

P Pontisso ◽

L Cavalletto ◽

E Scovena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Second Generation ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

The pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) serum markers and liver disease was investigated in 11 leukemic children showing anti-HCV reactivity at least once during long-term observation to define the role of HCV infection and the behavior of HCV serologic markers in this patient cohort. Antibodies to HCV by first- and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by second-generation (four antigens) recombinant immunoblotting assay (RIBA) and HCV-RNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were serially examined in serum. Liver disease was defined according to transaminase levels. Seven of 11 patients were found HCV-RNA positive during chemotherapy and after blood transfusion, 3 of 11 became viremic during follow-up, and 1 of 11 was always HCV-RNA negative. Seroconversion to anti-HCV positivity by second-generation ELISA occurred in all the HCV-RNA positive children either during or after chemotherapy. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated in all the HCV-RNA positive patients during antileukemic treatment and normalized in seven of them after therapy withdrawal, despite persisting viremia. These results indicate that HCV- RNA testing by polymerase chain reaction is required to correctly identify HCV infection in patients with leukemia while on chemotherapy. Viremia did not correlate with ALT levels and anti-HCV patterns.

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No evidence of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in serum of HCV antibody-positive HCV RNA-negative kidney-transplant patients

Transplant International ◽

10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.01025.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 594-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Florence Nicot ◽

Nassim Kamar ◽

Bernard Mariamé ◽

Lionel Rostaing ◽

Christophe Pasquier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Occult Hepatitis ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Hcv Antibody ◽

Kidney Transplant Patients ◽

Occult Hepatitis C

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Dual Effects of Let-7b in the Early Stage of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01800-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yung-Ju Yeh ◽

Ching-Ping Tseng ◽

Sheng-Da Hsu ◽

His-Yuan Huang ◽

Michael M. C. Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Early Stage ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Type I ◽

Seed Region ◽

Type I Ifn ◽

Stat Signaling ◽

Rna Accumulation

MicroRNA let-7b expression is induced by infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is involved in the regulation of HCV replication by directly targeting the HCV genome. The current study demonstrated that let-7b directly targets negative regulators of type I interferon (IFN) signaling thereby limiting HCV replication in the early stage of HCV infection. Let-7b-regulated genes which are involved in host cellular responses to HCV infection were unveiled by microarray profiling and bioinformatic analyses followed by various molecular and cellular assays using Huh7 cells expressing wild type or the seed region-mutated let-7b. Let-7b targeted the cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein, a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling, which then enhanced STAT1-Y701 phosphorylation leading to increased expression of the downstream interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Let-7b augmented RIG-I signaling, but not MDA5, to phosphorylate and nuclear translocate IRF3 leading to increased expression of IFN-β. Let-7b directly targeted the ATG12 and IKKα transcripts and reduced the interaction of the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate and RIG-I leading to increased expression of IFN, which may further stimulate JAK/STAT signaling. Let-7b induced by HCV infection elicits dual effects on IFN expression and signaling, along with targeting the coding sequences of NS5B and 5'-UTR of HCV genome, limited HCV RNA accumulation in the early stage of HCV infection. Controlling let-7b expression is thereby crucial in the intervention of HCV infection. Importance: HCV is a leading cause of liver disease, with an estimated 71 million people infected worldwide. During HCV infection, type I IFN signaling displays potent anti-viral and immuno-modulatory effects. Host factors, including microRNAs, play a role in up-regulating IFN signaling to limit HCV replication. Let-7b is a liver abundant miRNA that is induced by HCV infection and targets the HCV genome to suppress HCV RNA accumulation. In this study, we demonstrated that let-7b, as a positive regulator of type I IFN signaling, plays dual roles in against HCV replication by increasing the expression of IFN and ISRE-driven ISGs in the early stage of HCV infection. This study sheds new insight into understanding the role of let-7b in combatting HCV infection. Clarifying IFN signaling regulated by miRNA during the early phase of HCV infection may help researchers understand the initial defense mechanisms to other RNA viruses.

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in HIV positive patients referring to the consultation center for behavioral diseases, Sanandaj, Iran

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5042 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Samira Amini ◽

Mazaher Khodabandehloo

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Melting Curve ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Melting Curve Analysis ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infected People ◽

Hcv Antibody

Background and Objectives: Co-infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in- creasing due to similar transmission pathways. Chronic HCV infection is the most common complication among HIV-infect- ed individuals. Information on the frequency of HCV infection on Iranian HIV-infected individuals is scarce. The aim of this study was the detection of HCV prevalence and genotypes among HIV-infected people in Sanandaj, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, whole blood samples were taken from 185 HIV positive individuals referring to Consultation Center for Behavioral Diseases, Sanandaj, Iran. The ELISA test was done on samples for anti-HCV antibodies. RNA was extracted from only anti-HCV antibody positive samples. An RT-PCR test was conducted to detect HCV RNA. Genotypes of HCV were detected by melting curve analysis by specific primers and probes. Test results and demographic information were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean age of individuals was 39.3 ± 9.4 years. Out of 185 individuals 99 (53.5%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Out of 99 antibody positive individuals, 44 had HCV RNA. Among 44 RNA positive individuals, genotypes and subtypes of HCV were as 26 (59.1%) 1a, 17 (38.6%) 3a and one (2.2%) 4. There was a significant association between an- ti-HCV antibody and demographic variables including, age, gender, occupation, and CD4+ T-cell count (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The present study reveals that HIV/HCV co-infection is high in the study population. It is recommended similar studies should be done in other HIV infected populations for management of HIV/HCV co-infection

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Hepatitis C virus serum markers and liver disease in children with leukemia during and after chemotherapy

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v82.8.2564.2564 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 82 (8) ◽

pp. 2564-2567 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

A Locasciulli ◽

D Cavalletto ◽

P Pontisso ◽

L Cavalletto ◽

E Scovena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Second Generation ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract The pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) serum markers and liver disease was investigated in 11 leukemic children showing anti-HCV reactivity at least once during long-term observation to define the role of HCV infection and the behavior of HCV serologic markers in this patient cohort. Antibodies to HCV by first- and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by second-generation (four antigens) recombinant immunoblotting assay (RIBA) and HCV-RNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were serially examined in serum. Liver disease was defined according to transaminase levels. Seven of 11 patients were found HCV-RNA positive during chemotherapy and after blood transfusion, 3 of 11 became viremic during follow-up, and 1 of 11 was always HCV-RNA negative. Seroconversion to anti-HCV positivity by second-generation ELISA occurred in all the HCV-RNA positive children either during or after chemotherapy. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated in all the HCV-RNA positive patients during antileukemic treatment and normalized in seven of them after therapy withdrawal, despite persisting viremia. These results indicate that HCV- RNA testing by polymerase chain reaction is required to correctly identify HCV infection in patients with leukemia while on chemotherapy. Viremia did not correlate with ALT levels and anti-HCV patterns.

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Hepatitis C Virus-Mediated Enhancement of MicroRNA miR-373 Impairs the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.03085-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 3356-3365 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Anupam Mukherjee ◽

Adrian M. Di Bisceglie ◽

Ratna B. Ray

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Human Hepatocytes ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Janus Kinase ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Type I ◽

Primary Human Hepatocytes

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global health problem and establishes chronic infection in a significant number of infected humans worldwide. Interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are amplified during HCV infection but fail to eliminate virus from the liver in a large number of infected patients, and the mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the control of many biological processes, including IFN signaling. To gain more insights into the role of cellular miRNAs in possible countermeasures of HCV for suppression of the host antiviral response, a miRNA array was performed by using primary human hepatocytes infected within vitrocell culture-grown HCV. A group of miRNAs were modulated in HCV-infected primary human hepatocytes. We focused on miR-373, as this miRNA was significantly upregulated in HCV-infected primary human hepatocytes. Here, we analyzed the function of miR-373 in the context of HCV infection. HCV infection upregulates miR-373 expression in hepatocytes and HCV-infected liver biopsy specimens. Furthermore, we discovered that miR-373 directly targets Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and IFN-regulating factor 9 (IRF9), important factors in the IFN signaling pathway. The upregulation of miR-373 by HCV also inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation, which is involved in ISG factor 3 (ISGF3) complex formation and ISG expression. The knockdown of miR-373 in hepatocytes enhanced JAK1 and IRF9 expression and reduced HCV RNA replication. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-373 is upregulated during HCV infection and negatively regulated the type I IFN signaling pathway by suppressing JAK1 and IRF9. Our results offer a potential therapeutic approach for antiviral intervention.IMPORTANCEChronic HCV infection is one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. Although the recent introduction of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is extremely encouraging, some infected individuals do not respond to this therapy. Furthermore, these drugs target HCV nonstructural proteins, and with selective pressure, the virus may develop a resistant strain. Therefore, understanding the impairment of IFN signals will help in designing additional therapeutic modalities. In this study, we provide evidence of HCV-mediated upregulation of miR-373 and show that miR-373 impairs IFN signaling by targeting JAK1/IRF9 molecules. The knockdown of miR-373 inhibited HCV replication by upregulating interferon-stimulating gene expression. Together, these results provided new mechanistic insights into the role of miR-373 in HCV infection and suggest a new potential target against HCV infection.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Tehsil Batkhela District Malakand, KPK, Pakistan

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/06/525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (06) ◽

pp. 20251-20256

Author(s):

Mudassir Khan ◽

Shahrukh Khan ◽

Shohra Haider ◽

Fazal Jalil ◽

Muhsin Jamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Skin Color ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Common Symptom

Background: Prevalence of Hepatitis C viral infection and its major risk factors has been found out in population of Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by taking number of volunteers from the interested area. HCV prevalence has not been researched in recent time here in this area, so that’s why we contributed. Materials and Methods: Ab rapid test cassette serum/plasma (USA) kit has been used for the mentioned purpose following by ELISA and finally PCR to find out active infection of virus. ICT positive individuals were reconfirmed by ELISA and then ELISA positive samples were carefully investigated by RT-PCR for Hepatitis C Virus. Results: The study population was of 770 volunteers belonging to the mentioned area of research, 453 males and 317 females. The overall prevalence was found to be 5.32% of HCV in Batkhela. This prevalence ratio was 3.12% in males and 2.20 % in females. 3rd generation ELISA was used to refine ICT positive samples which showed that 37 of the ICT positive samples had antibodies detected by ELISA. To find out active HCV infection, ELISA positive samples were refined by real time PCR which showed 2.98% of prevalence of active HCV infection in Batkhela based on HCV RNA in their blood. Principle Conclusion: Overall prevalence was found 5.32%, contaminated reused syringes and blades at Barbour’s shop, blood transfusion, surgical operations and unhygienic food in stalls etc were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. Body weakness and pale yellow skin color was common symptom in HCV positive volunteers. Safe sexual activities, blood screening before donation and sterilizing surgical equipment’s can protect us from Hepatitis C Virus.

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DETEKSI ANTIBODI MULTIPEL HEPATITIS C DALAM DARAH DONOR

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v21i3.738 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Ranti Permatasari ◽

Aryati Aryati ◽

Budi Arifah

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Core Protein ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Hcv Antibody

Hepatitis C (HCV) infection could be spread by blood transfusion. Screening of HCV in donor blood could prevent HCV infection to the recipient. HCV antibody test using rapid test of multiple antibody detection by immunochromatography method is an easy and rapid test that could detect four HCV antibodies separately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of antibody HCV using multiple antibody detection rapid test in diagnosing HCV infection. This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. The samples consisted of 42 donors’ blood serum from the Surabaya Branch of the Indonesian Red Cross which underwent HCV infection test using ELISA method. The samples were then tested using PCR HCV RNA as the gold standard and antibody HCV multiple antibodydetection rapid test The diagnostic value of HCV antibody test using multiple antibody detection rapid test by immunochromatography method showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 100%, diagnostic specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 66.7% and negative predictive value of 100%, a diagnostic efficiency of 83.3%, with a positive probability ratio of 4 times. The most often positive antibody pattern was four (4) positive antibodies (core protein, NS3, NS4 and NS5). Core protein (CP) and NS3 were the most often positive antibodies. Based on this study result, the HCV antibody test using multiple antibody detection rapid test by immunochromatography method has a good diagnostic value.

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Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Village in Northeastern Romania—A Population-Based Screening—The First Step to Viral Micro-Elimination

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060651 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 651

Author(s):

Laura Huiban ◽

Carol Stanciu ◽

Cristina Maria Muzica ◽

Tudor Cuciureanu ◽

Stefan Chiriac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Population Based ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

World Health ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Virus Eradication ◽

Tertiary Center

(1) Background: The World Health Organization adopted a strategy for the Global Health Sector on Viral Hepatitis in 2016, with the main objective of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection and risk factors in a Romanian village using population-based screening as part of the global C virus eradication program. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective study from March 2019 to February 2020, based on a strategy as part of a project designed to educate, screen, treat and eliminate HCV infection in all adults in a village located in Northeastern Romania. (3) Results: In total, 3507 subjects were invited to be screened by rapid diagnostic orientation tests (RDOT). Overall, 2945 (84%) subjects were tested, out of whom 78 (2.64%) were found to have positive HCV antibodies and were scheduled for further evaluation in a tertiary center of gastroenterology/hepatology in order to be linked to care. In total, 66 (85%) subjects presented for evaluation and 55 (83%) had detectable HCV RNA. Of these, 54 (98%) completed antiviral treatment and 53 (99%) obtained a sustained virological response. (4) Conclusions: The elimination of hepatitis C worldwide has a higher chance of success if micro-elimination strategies based on mass screening are adopted.

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