scholarly journals Teachers' gaze over space and time in a real-world classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Smidekova ◽  
Miroslav Janik ◽  
Eva Minarikova ◽  
Kenneth Holmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Gender Achievement ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Reading students’ faces and their body language, checking their worksheets, and keeping eye contact is a key trait of teacher competence. The new technology of mobile eye-tracking provides researchers with possibilities to explore teaching from the viewpoint of teacher gaze, but also introduces many new method questions. This study had the primary aim to investigate teachers´ attention distribution over space: the number and durations of several types of their gazes, and how their gaze depends on the factors of students´ gender, achievement, and position in the classroom. Results show that teacher gaze was distributed unevenly across both space and time. Teachers looked at the most-watched students 3-8 times more often than at the least-watched ones. Students sitting in the first row and the middle section received significantly more gaze than those sitting outside this zone. All three teachers made more single gaze visits - looking at the students but making no eye contact - than mutual gazes or student material gazes. The three teachers’ gaze distribution also varied substantially from lesson to lesson. Our results are important for understanding teacher behavior in real classrooms, but also point to the relevance of appropriate method design in future classroom studies with eye-tracking.

scholarly journals Looking to relate: teacher gaze and culture in student-rated teacher interpersonal behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Nora A. McIntyre ◽  
Kees Tim Mulder ◽  
M. Tim Mainhard
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Teacher Interaction ◽  
Questionnaire On Teacher Interaction ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviour ◽  
Student Rated ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Teacher Interpersonal Behaviour ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

AbstractMobile eye-tracking was used to investigate the link between teacher gaze and student-rated teacher interpersonal behaviour. Teacher gaze was recorded for 10 min during a teacher-centred part of a naturally occurring lesson. The Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction was then administered to assess how UK students evaluated their teacher interpersonally in that lesson. Teachers conveyed greater dominance (or interpersonal agency) through increasing eye contact while asking questions (‘attentional gaze’). Teachers conveyed more interpersonal friendliness (or communion) through increasing eye contact while lecturing (‘communicative gaze’). Culture did not affect the way gaze was associated with students’ interpersonal perceptions.

Do you see what I mean?: Using mobile eye tracking to capture parent–child dynamics in the context of anxiety risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Leigha A. MacNeill ◽  
Xiaoxue Fu ◽  
Kristin A. Buss ◽  
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Controlling Parenting ◽  
Attractor Strength ◽  
Child Age ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Abstract Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) is a robust endophenotype for anxiety characterized by increased sensitivity to novelty. Controlling parenting can reinforce children's wariness by rewarding signs of distress. Fine-grained, dynamic measures are needed to better understand both how children perceive their parent's behaviors and the mechanisms supporting evident relations between parenting and socioemotional functioning. The current study examined dyadic attractor patterns (average mean durations) with state space grids, using children's attention patterns (captured via mobile eye tracking) and parental behavior (positive reinforcement, teaching, directives, intrusion), as functions of child BI and parent anxiety. Forty 5- to 7-year-old children and their primary caregivers completed a set of challenging puzzles, during which the child wore a head-mounted eye tracker. Child BI was positively correlated with proportion of parent's time spent teaching. Child age was negatively related, and parent anxiety level was positively related, to parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. There was a significant interaction between parent anxiety level and child age predicting parent-focused/controlling parenting attractor strength. This study is a first step to examining the co-occurrence of parenting behavior and child attention in the context of child BI and parental anxiety levels.

Introducing the Application of Hybrid Gas and Sand Control in Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) Case Study Old Rimau Mature Field South Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Safiraldi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Hybrid Device ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Sucker Rod ◽  
Sucker Rod Pump ◽  
Gas Separator ◽  
Mature Field ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir

Objective/Scope: Challenges of sucker rod pumping operation in high gas and solid production;The implementation of integrated down-hole gas and solid separation in one device. Method procedure/processes: Old Rimau Fields in South Sumatera produce oil from sandstone reservoir with GOR above 800 scf/stb and solid production resulted from fracturing proppant flow back. Due to these conditions, some problems such as gas lock or interference, pump leakage, and rod parted were discovered which resulting in low SRP run life. The installation of sand screen and gas anchor has been implemented to encounter this issue. However, this initiative still ineffective due to limited conditions. If the sand screen was installed to control the sand, then the gas anchor to control the gas could not be installed and vice versa.Results, observations, conclusions: Integrated solid and gas handling called "hybrid" device has been introduced. The device is connected directly at the bottom of down-hole pump consist of three section, the upper section for intake and gas separator, the middle section for gas and solid separator, and lower one for solid container. The first utilization was conducted in three SRP wells, which are KG-09, LKP-21, and KG-10. Previously, these wells were shut-in due to down-hole problem. After installing the device while well service, the SRP run normally to produce the oil. The increasing of pump load performance was also obtained, indicated by the dyna card. At this time, the SRP is still running and run life is still under surveillance. This paper will explain the new technology end-to-end implementation of the integrated down-hole sand and gas control in one device for Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) system.

scholarly journals AGING AND ATTENTION TO SELF-SELECTED EMOTIONAL CONTENT: A MOBILE EYE TRACKING INVESTIGATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 1363-1363
Author(s):  
D.M. Isaacowitz ◽  
K.M. Livingstone ◽  
M.S. El-Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

scholarly journals ADOS-Eye-Tracking: The Archimedean Point of View and Its Absence in Autism Spectrum Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Max Schaller ◽  
Monica Biscaldi ◽  
Anna Burkhardt ◽  
Christian Fleischhaker ◽  
Michael Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Face Region ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic

Face perception and emotion categorization are widely investigated under laboratory conditions that are devoid of real social interaction. Using mobile eye-tracking glasses in a standardized diagnostic setting while applying the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), we had the opportunity to record gaze behavior of children and adolescents with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) during social interaction. The objective was to investigate differences in eye-gaze behavior between three groups of children and adolescents either (1) with ASC or (2) with unconfirmed diagnosis of ASC or (3) with neurotypical development (NTD) during social interaction with an adult interviewer in a diagnostic standard situation using the ADOS-2. In a case control study, we used mobile eye-tracking glasses in an ecologically valid and highly standardized diagnostic interview to investigate suspected cases of ASC. After completion of the ASC diagnostic gold standard including the ADOS-2, the participants were assigned to two groups based on their diagnosis (ASC vs. non-ASC) and compared with a matched group of neurotypically developed controls. The primary outcome measure is the percentage of total dwell times assessed for different areas of interest (AOI) with regard to the face and body of a diagnostic interviewer and the surrounding space. Overall, 65 children and adolescents within an age range of 8.3–17.9 years were included in the study. The data revealed significant group differences, especially in the central-face area. Previous investigations under laboratory conditions gave preferential attention to the eye region during face perception to describe differences between ASC and NTD. In this study – using an ecologically valid setting within a standard diagnostic procedure – the results indicate that neurotypically developed controls seem to process faces and facial expressions in a holistic manner originating from the central-face region. Conversely, participants on the Autism Spectrum (tAS) seem to avoid the central-face region and show unsystematic gaze behavior, not using the preferred landing position in the central-face region as the Archimedean point of face perception. This study uses a new approach, and it will be important to replicate these preliminary findings in future research.

scholarly journals Gazing at the partner in musical trios: a mobile eye-tracking study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Vandemoortele ◽  
Kurt Feyaerts ◽  
Mark Reybrouck ◽  
Geert De Bièvre ◽  
Geert Brône ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrasting Cases ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The One ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking ◽  
Initial Exploration

Few investigations into the nonverbal communication in ensemble playing have focused on gaze behaviour up to now. In this study, the gaze behaviour of musicians playing in trios was recorded using the recently developed technique of mobile eye-tracking. Four trios (clarinet, violin, piano) were recorded while rehearsing and while playing several runs through the same musical fragment. The current article reports on an initial exploration of the data in which we describe how often gazing at the partner occurred. On the one hand, we aim to identify possible contrasting cases. On the other, we look for tendencies across the run-throughs. We discuss the quantified gaze behaviour in relation to the existing literature and the current research design.

scholarly journals Quantifying the costs of telephone interruptions during diagnostic radiology: A mobile eye-tracking study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Trafton Drew ◽  
Booth Aldred ◽  
Marta Heilbrun ◽  
Satoshi Minoshim
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking
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