scholarly journals Meta-regression Analysis of Technical (In)Efficiency in Agriculture: a Regional Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-928
Author(s):  
Micael Queiroga dos Santos ◽  
Ana Alexandra Marta-Costa ◽  
Xosé Antón Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

While scientific studies have not reached a consensus on the methodology for examining Technical Efficiency (or Inefficiency), the influence of regions appears to be important for efficiency scores. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the empirical procedures for the achievement of more robust results in the analysis of productive efficiency, as well as to evaluate the effect of the location of farms on such efficiency. The goal was to check whether the most developed regions are the most efficient. Meta-regression analysis provides an adequate method for an accurate assessment of both situations. This technique was applied based on a database of 166 observations on the agricultural sector from countries around the world, published in the period 2010–2017. The criteria used for the database collection and for the conceived model were not previously used and, thereby, enrich the discussion on the topic. The procedure aims to check the variation in the Mean of Technical Inefficiency and conduct an analysis using Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The regressions showed that the Mean of Technical Inefficiency could be mainly explained by data, variables, employed empirical models and the region of study. The studies that focus on farms of developed countries present the lowest Mean of Technical Inefficiency, while studies for developing or low-income countries exhibit the opposite. Therefore, for future research on productive analysis, we suggest empirical procedures aimed at achieving robust results that take into account specific regional characteristics of farms.

scholarly journals Total elbow arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (8) ◽  
pp. 967-980
Author(s):  
Te-Feng A. Chou ◽  
Hsuan-Hsiao Ma ◽  
Jou-Hua Wang ◽  
Shang-Wen Tsai ◽  
Cheng-Fong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

Aims The aims of this study were to validate the outcome of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify factors that affect the outcome. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, and Embase from between January 2003 and March 2019. The primary aim was to determine the implant failure rate, the mode of failure, and risk factors predisposing to failure. A secondary aim was to identify the overall complication rate, associated risk factors, and clinical performance. A meta-regression analysis was completed to identify the association between each parameter with the outcome. Results A total of 38 studies including 2,118 TEAs were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 80.9 months (8.2 to 156). The implant failure and complication rates were 16.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.128 to 0.200) and 24.5% (95% CI 0.203 to 0.293), respectively. Aseptic loosening was the most common mode of failure (9.5%; 95% CI 0.071 to 0.124). The mean postoperative ranges of motion (ROMs) were: flexion 131.5° (124.2° to 138.8°), extension 29.3° (26.8° to 31.9°), pronation 74.0° (67.8° to 80.2°), and supination 72.5° (69.5° to 75.5°), and the mean postoperative Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was 89.3 (95% CI 86.9 to 91.6). The meta-regression analysis identified that younger patients and implants with an unlinked design correlated with higher failure rates. Younger patients were associated with increased complications, while female patients and an unlinked prosthesis were associated with aseptic loosening. Conclusion TEA continues to provide satisfactory results for patients with RA. However, it is associated with a substantially higher implant failure and complication rates compared with hip and knee arthroplasties. The patient’s age, sex, and whether cemented fixation and unlinked prosthesis were used can influence the outcome. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):967–980.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fear of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faxiang Luo ◽  
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh ◽  
Sahar Dalvand ◽  
Sholeh Saedmoucheshi ◽  
Qingyun Li
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

Background: Due to lack of preparedness of health systems, fast spread of the new virus, high mortality rates, and lack of a definite treatment, the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to high levels of fear and anxiety in different populations. In addition, isolation, mental disorders, and limitations in social interactions as a result of lockdown and travel ban increased the fear of the new coronavirus.Methods: International databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google scholar, were searched without any time limitation, and all observational studies published in English reporting the mean of fear of COVID-19 based on the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) were included in the analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Random effects model, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Heterogeneity across studies was examined using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. All the statistical analyses were conducted using R software v4.0.3.Results: A total of 44 articles with a sample size of 52,462 were reviewed. A pooled mean of 18.57 was found for fear of COVID-19. The mean of fear of COVID-19 was higher in women than in men (20.67 vs. 18.21). The highest and lowest means of fear of COVID-19 had been found in Asia (18.36) and Australia (17.43) based on continent, and in hospital staff (19.51) and college students (17.95) based on target population, respectively. In addition, the highest and lowest means of fear of COVID-19 were related to items #1 and #3 of the scale, respectively. According to the results of meta-regression analysis, there was no significant association between the mean of fear of COVID-19 and sample size and participants' age. In addition, publication error was not significant (P = 0.721).Conclusion: The mean of fear of COVID-19 was high around the world; therefore, it seems necessary to pay more attention to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.

Carbon Tariffs’ Impacts on China’s Economy and Carbon Emission: A Study Based on META-Regression Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950012
Author(s):  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
Wenmei KANG ◽  
Mou WANG ◽  
Li ZHUANG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
China’S Economy ◽  
Carbon Tariff

During the implementation of the measures for reducing carbon emissions, to protect the international competitiveness of their carbon-intensive products, some developed countries in the name of preventing carbon leakage have deliberately avoided the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR)” prescribed in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and worked actively to propose the collection of carbon tariffs to make developing countries share the responsibilities of reducing global emissions. The existing studies tend to confirm that carbon tariffs, once put into practice, will directly affect the export trade of developing countries represented by China, and particularly exert a significant negative impact on the export trade of those countries’ carbon-intensive industries. This paper used META-regression analysis to summarize and quantitatively analyze the results of an empirical research that uses computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to research on the impacts brought by carbon tariff policy to China’s economy and carbon emissions, finding that the sample characteristics, model specification and the assumption about carbon tariff rates in the research exert direct impacts on the final conclusions of empirical stimulation. Although carbon tariffs are still in the proposal stage, due to the vaccum of international governace in this area, the developed countries have a room to carry out the policies related to carbon tariffs or invisible carbon tariffs. Studies show that carbon tariff policy will deal a blow to China’s export trade and further undermine China’s overall economic output and welfare level, while producing very limited effects on carbon emissions reduction. Therefore, the Chinese Government should stick to its basic position as resolving carbon tariffs-related issues under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, actively promote relevant international governance mechanisms, formulate targeted countermeasures, improve the export structure of industrial products, optimize industrial structure and also stay alert to some developed countries’ attempt to avoid the disputes over carbon tariffs and use some invisible carbon tariffs to set up new trade barriers.

scholarly journals A Comment on: “ State Capacity, Reciprocity, and the Social Contract” by Timothy Besley

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Authoritarian Populism ◽  
The Social

In this note, I discuss avenues for future research stemming from Besley's [this issue] theoretical approach on the interconnections between civicness, institutions, and state‐fiscal capacity. First, I lay down some ideas on how one could extend the framework to model fragility traps that characterize many low‐income countries and study issues related to nation‐building, conflict, and heterogeneity across space and ethnic lines in the provision of public goods. Second, I discuss the relevance of the approach for the analysis of authoritarian populism that is spreading in developed countries and emerging markets.

Land tenure and agricultural investments in China: a meta-regression analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-347
Author(s):  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Western China ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Investments ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that lead to the controversy within the existing empirical literature on the relationship between land tenure and agricultural investments in China. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a meta-regression analysis (MRA) based on 265 samples from 29 selected studies. These studies are collected from different regions and populations; therefore, this study utilizes a random-effects meta-regression model to control between-study heterogeneity. Findings The empirical results show that the variable “land-related long-term investments” significantly affects the relationship between land tenure and agricultural investments. The variables: “ration land,” “land titling” and “land transfer rights” all have significant effects on this relationship, but at different levels. The study area (e.g. “western China,” “central/inland China,” “two regions contained”), “plot level,” “panel data,” “sample size,” “considered endogeneity” and “off-farm employment” variables all significantly influence the relationship. Additionally, the results show that the relationship is significantly affected by the survey time. Practical implications Policymakers should treat the existing research conclusions with caution and pay more attention to defining land tenure. The relationship between land tenure and agricultural investments also depends on regional resource availability. Therefore, land property rights policies should be region-specific in order to successfully encourage agricultural investments. Originality/value In this study, the author collectively examines existing empirical studies to investigate whether their inconsistent results are affected by research characteristics. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes land tenure and agricultural investments in China using MRA. Future research should refine the definition of land tenure, the selection of agricultural investment types, the research method and the method of data collection.

scholarly journals Government education expenditures and economic growth: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill ◽  
Mehmet Ugur ◽  
Siew Ling Yew
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

AbstractUsing a sample of 237 estimates drawn from 29 primary studies, we conduct a hierarchical meta-regression analysis that examines the association between economic growth and government expenditure on education. We find that the effect of government education expenditure on growth is positive for developed countries. However, when the evidence pertains to less developed countries (LDCs), we find a statistically insignificant association. We also examine the heterogeneity in empirical results and found that factors such as econometric specifications, publication characteristics as well as data characteristics explain the heterogeneity in the literature. We find no evidence of publication selectivity.

scholarly journals Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Jiaye Liu ◽  
Huan Shuai ◽  
Zhongxiang Cai ◽  
Xia Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

AbstractPostpartum depression (PPD) is the most common psychological condition following childbirth, and may have a detrimental effect on the social and cognitive health of spouses, infants, and children. The aim of this study was to complete a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the global epidemiology of PPD. A total of 565 studies from 80 different countries or regions were included in the final analysis. Postpartum depression was found in 17.22% (95% CI 16.00–18.51) of the world’s population. Meta-regression analysis showed that study size, country or region development, and country or region income were the causes of heterogeneity. Multivariable meta-regression analysis found that study size and country or area development were the most important predictors. Varied prevalence rates were noted in geographic regions with the highest rate found in Southern Africa (39.96%). Of interested was a significantly lower rate of PPD in developed countries or high-income countries or areas. Furthermore, the findings showed that there was a substantial difference in rates of PPD when marital status, educational level, social support, spouse care, violence, gestational age, breast feeding, child mortality, pregnancy plan, financial difficulties, partnership, life stress, smoking, alcohol intake, and living conditions were considered in the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that one out of every five women experiences PPD which is linked to income and geographic development. It is triggered by a variety of causes that necessitate the attention and committed intervention of primary care providers, clinicians, health authorities, and the general population.

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