The correlation of pitch discrimination with control of the voice, musical training, hearing ability and general intelligence

1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Haines Mount
Keyword(s):  
Musical Training ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
The Voice

scholarly journals A Preliminary Exploration of Pitch Discrimination, Temporal Sequencing, and Prosodic Awareness Skills of Children Who Participate in Different School-Based Music Curricula

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Ashley G. Flagge ◽  
Mary Ellen Neeley ◽  
Tara M. Davis ◽  
Victoria S. Henbest
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
School Based ◽  
Temporal Sequencing ◽  
School Music ◽  
Music Class

Musical training has been shown to have a positive influence on a variety of skills, including auditory-based tasks and nonmusical cognitive and executive functioning tasks; however, because previous investigations have yielded mixed results regarding the relationship between musical training and these skills, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the auditory processing skills of children who receive focused, daily musical training with those with more limited, generalized musical training. Sixteen typically developing children (second–fourth grade) from two different schools receiving different music curricula were assessed on measures of pitch discrimination, temporal sequencing, and prosodic awareness. The results indicated significantly better scores in pitch discrimination abilities for the children receiving daily, focused musical training (School 1) compared to students attending music class only once per week, utilizing a more generalized elementary school music curriculum (School 2). The findings suggest that more in-depth and frequent musical training may be associated with better pitch discrimination abilities in children. This finding is important given that the ability to discriminate pitch has been linked to improved phonological processing skills, an important skill for developing spoken language and literacy. Future investigations are needed to determine whether the null findings for temporal sequencing and prosodic awareness can be replicated or may be different for various grades and tasks for measuring these abilities.

Relations of Pitch Matching, Pitch Discrimination, and Otoacoustic Emission Suppression in Individuals Not Formally Trained as Musicians

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-784
Author(s):  
Robert E. Moore ◽  
Julie M. Estis ◽  
Fawen Zhang ◽  
Christopher Watts ◽  
Elizabeth Marble
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Analysis ◽  
Pitch Matching ◽  
Formally Trained ◽  
The Relationship

Research has yielded a relationship between pitch matching and pitch discrimination. Good pitch matchers tend to be good pitch discriminators and are often judged to be vocally talented. Otoacoustic emission suppression measures the function of the efferent auditory system which may affect accuracy for pitch matching and pitch discrimination. Formally trained musicians show pitch matching and pitch discrimination superior to those of nonmusicians and have greater efferent otoacoustic emission suppression than nonmusicians. This study investigated the relationship among pitch matching, pitch discrimination, and otoacoustic emission suppression in individuals with no formal musical training and who showed varied pitch matching and pitch discrimination. Analysis suggested a significant relationship between pitch matching and pitch discrimination but not between otoacoustic emission suppression and pitch matching and pitch discrimination. Findings are presented in the context of previous research indicating a significant relationship between otoacoustic emission suppression and musical talent in trained musicians.

Attention to affective audio-visual information: Comparison between musicians and non-musicians

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Weijkamp ◽  
Makiko Sadakata
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Auditory Skills ◽  
The Voice

Individuals with more musical training repeatedly demonstrate enhanced auditory perception abilities. The current study examined how these enhanced auditory skills interact with attention to affective audio-visual stimuli. A total of 16 participants with more than 5 years of musical training (musician group) and 16 participants with less than 2 years of musical training (non-musician group) took part in a version of the audio-visual emotional Stroop test, using happy, neutral, and sad emotions. Participants were presented with congruent and incongruent combinations of face and voice stimuli while judging the emotion of either the face or the voice. As predicted, musicians were less susceptible to interference from visual information on auditory emotion judgments than non-musicians, as evidenced by musicians being more accurate when judging auditory emotions when presented with congruent and incongruent visual information. Musicians were also more accurate than non-musicians at identifying visual emotions when presented with concurrent auditory information. Thus, musicians were less influenced by congruent/incongruent information in a non-target modality compared to non-musicians. The results suggest that musical training influences audio-visual information processing.

Hearing: Individual Differences in Perceiving

Perception ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Test ◽  
Loudness Judgment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensitivity Factors ◽  
Pure Tone Threshold

Four different types of hearing were investigated using 25 men and 25 women as subjects: pure tone threshold, judgment of loudness, pitch discrimination, and annoyance of a repeating stimulus. Differences were found at high frequency thresholds (above 6000 Hz), in loudness judgment, and in the annoyance test. The pitch discrimination test showed no effect of sex, but a large effect of years of musical training. None of the four hearing parameters investigated bore any statistical relationship to any other, demonstrating that these hearing types are distinct and will vary within, as well as between subjects. Personality assessment showed no relationship to any type of-hearing, with the exception of extraversion and loudness judgment, suggesting that fairly pure sensitivity factors are being measured.

Effects of Spatial Location of Auditory Tones on Pitch Discrimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-316
Author(s):  
Ashley G. Flagge ◽  
Julie M. Estis ◽  
Robert E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Stimulus Input ◽  
Discrimination Accuracy ◽  
Comparison Tone ◽  
Input Location ◽  
The Impact

Pitch discrimination accuracy has been found to be affected by many factors, including handedness, musical training, interfering stimuli, and spatial location of the auditory stimulus. Separating the stimulus input location of interference tones from initial (reference) and final (comparison) tones leads to more accurate pitch discrimination, but the effects of spatial location relationships between the reference, interference, and comparison tones have not been fully explored. This study examined the impact of stimulus spatial location in 24 young, nonmusician females. Participants determined whether the pitch of reference and comparison tones were the same or different in 20 pitch discrimination conditions with varied interference, spatial relationships, and frequencies. Findings revealed that pitch discrimination accuracy was significantly better when (a) there was no interference, (b) the comparison tone was presented to the contralateral brain hemisphere from reference and interference tones, and (c) the comparison tone was presented to the left ear. We discussed the implications of these findings for therapy programs to strengthen pitch discrimination abilities.

scholarly journals Correction to: Auditory and frontal anatomic correlates of pitch discrimination in musicians, non‑musicians, and children without musical training

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 (9) ◽  
pp. 2745-2745
Author(s):  
María-Ángeles Palomar-García ◽  
Mireia Hernández ◽  
Gustau Olcina ◽  
Jesús Adrián-Ventura ◽  
Víctor Costumero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musical Training ◽  
Pitch Discrimination

Absolute Pitch and Event-Related Brain Potentials

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tervaniemi ◽  
K. Alho ◽  
P. Paavilainen ◽  
M. Sams ◽  
R. Näätänen
Keyword(s):  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Musical Scale ◽  
Auditory Information Processing ◽  
Neuronal Representation

An event-related brain potential (ERP) component called mismatch negativity (MMN) is elicited by physically deviant auditory stimuli presented among repetitive, "standard," stimuli. MMN reflects a mismatch process between sensory input from the deviant stimulus and a shortduration neuronal representation developed by the standard stimulus. The MMN amplitude is known to correlate with pitch-discrimination performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the MMN is different in absolute pitch (AP) possessors and nonpossessors. ERPs were recorded from AP and non-AP groups, which were matched with regard to musical training. It was found that deviant stimuli differing from standard tones by a quartertone or a semitone elicited an MMN irrespective of whether the stimulus was located on (white key/black key) or off the Western musical scale. These results were obtained with both sinusoidal and piano tones. The MMN was larger and earlier when the stimuli were piano tones than when they were sinusoidal tones and when the standard-deviant difference amounted to a semitone rather than a quartertone. However, differences between the groups were not found in auditory information processing reflected by the MMN component of the ERP. In the light of the earlier MMN results showing a close correlation between the MMN and pitch- discrimination accuracy, it might be concluded that pitch discrimination and identification are based on different brain mechanisms. In addition, the differences in the MMN amplitude and latency between sinusoidal and piano tones might be interpreted as suggesting that sensory memory traces, as reflected by the MMN, are capable of storing information of very complex sound structures also.

The Prevalence and Correlates of Accurate Singing

2020 ◽  
pp. 002242942095163
Author(s):  
Peter Q. Pfordresher ◽  
Steven M. Demorest
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Musical Ability ◽  
Automated Scoring ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
Expert Ratings

The purpose of this study was to analyze a large sample of volunteers from the general population who were tested with an identical online measure of singing accuracy. A sample of 632 participants completed the Seattle Singing Accuracy Protocol (SSAP), a standardized measure of singing accuracy, available online, that includes a test of pitch discrimination and basic demographic questions. Analyses addressed basic questions relating to the distribution of singing accuracy as well as associations of singing accuracy with years of musical training, age, pitch discrimination ability, and musical self-perception. We addressed these issues with respect to the accuracy of pitch imitation, based on automated scoring of vocal fundamental frequency ( f0) in the SSAP, as well as the accuracy of singing a familiar song, based on expert ratings. Results suggest that the distribution of singing accuracy varies widely, but the modal tendency is toward accurate singing. All predictors formed unique and significant associations with singing accuracy, suggesting that multiple factors contribute to this critical musical ability. In particular, age and musical training (including instrumental training) correlate independently with singing accuracy.

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