Assessment of Variability of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Manoj Kandel ◽  
Suk Gurung ◽  
Narayan Dhami ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Days To Maturity

Analysis of genetic diversity and variability is an initial step for crop development in a plant breeding program. Thirty foxtail millet genotypes were evaluated for their ten agro-morphological traits viz. grain yield, days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes per tiller, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and leaf blast during April to August season of 2018 at Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal. Clustering was done based on variability observed among the genotypes for all the ten traits by the average linkage method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The shortest inter cluster distance between Cluster I and Cluster II was 17.63 and the longest was between Cluster IV and Cluster VI with 47.55. Cluster I had the maximum leaf blast score with the minimum leaf length. The Cluster II had the maximum grain yield and days to 50% heading and the number of nodes per tiller. The Cluster III was characterized by the maximum leaf length and leaf blast value. The genotypes grouped into the Cluster IV were characterized by the lowest value of days to 50% heading and 80% days to maturity and those of Cluster V had the maximum thousand-grain weight. The genotypes categorized into Cluster VI had the maximum plant height, leaf length, and panicle length. Cluster II and Cluster V were good because of their agro-morphological traits. The presence of a high level of diversity among the genotypes indicated their suitability for selection in crop breeding programs. Correlation analysis of genotypes having the maximum panicle length leaf area and higher plant height and shorter maturity period are pre-requisite for improvement in grain yield.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF RICE GENOTYPES IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sashi Lamichhane ◽  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Bishwas K.C. ◽  
Sapana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improvement Programs

<p>Rice is an essential staple food in Nepal but researches and varietal improvement programs are rarely carried out due to inadequate variability study. The field study was carried to diagnose the influence of genetic and environmental factors on yield traits to aid future rice breeding programs. Twelve genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications from July to November 2019 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, in the hilly area of Nepal. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, fertility percentage, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, straw yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvesting index indicating the presence of variation in genotypes. LPN BR-1615 was the most promising genotype in grain yield. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for each trait and low difference between them was found for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, fertility percentage, and harvesting index. Plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield showed high heritability (i.e. 93.2%, 60.5% and 92.6%, respectively) and higher genetic advance as percentage of mean (i.e. 46.5, 34.6 and 50.1, respectively) . Thus, the experiment revealed that selections favoring plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield would help in effective breeding programs of rice in future.</p>

scholarly journals Agro-morphological Variation in 71 Traditional Rice Cultivars in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A. L. Ranawake ◽  
M. J. Hewage ◽  
N. G. J. Pradeepika ◽  
G. W. D. K. Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Traditional Rice ◽  
Panicle Weight

Traditional rice cultivars in Sri Lanka have diverse characteristics that prove the excellent potential for utilizing them for varietal improvement. Seventy-one Sri Lankan traditional rice cultivars obtained from Plant Genetic Resources Center, Gannoruwa, Sri Lanka were used for diversity analysis. Data were collected in the middle-row-plants of each replicate and altogether 80 plants were evaluated in four replicates of each cultivar. Data were collected on 11 parameters in two consecutive Maha seasons in 2012-2014. According to the standard evaluation system of international rice research institute, 67% rice cultivars were tall, and 66% were low tillering. There was no any rice cultivar with high and good reproductive tillers/plant. Around 55% rice cultivars were partially sterile and 43% were fertile. The shortest days to maturity was recorded in Gonabaru (62 days) and the longest days to maturity was recorded in Vellainellu (105 days). The variation of agro-morphological characteristics was broad in studied rice cultivars: The recorded highest yield was 22.74 g/plant while the lowest was 1.55 g/plant. The hundred-grain-weight ranged from 3.49-1.27 g and the plant height ranged from 95-192 cm. The recorded highest number of total tillers per plant was 10 and the lowest was 3. Panicle length and panicle weight were ranged from 13-32 cm and 0.36-4.69 g consecutively. The smallest grains were in Herath and the largest grains were in Mudaliwi. The heaviest above ground biomass was achieved by Kallurundoivellai and its harvest index was the least (0.09). The highest filled grain percentage (91.48%) was recorded by Galpa Wee. The correlation analysis revealed that the yield per plant was significantly correlated with panicle weight, the total number of spikelets/panicle and number of fertile spikelets/panicle. There was no correlation between panicle length and the final yield of rice though panicle length was correlated with plant height and panicle weight. Total number of spikelets/panicle, the number of fertile spikelets/panicle, and plant height were significantly correlated with panicle weight. None of the parameters were correlated with hundred grain weight. Total biomass was correlated with plant height, the total number of spikelets, and fertile spikelets per panicle. There was no significant correlation between the biomass of rice with the final yield, however, a number of fertile tillers were correlated with a number of total tillers. Eleven parameters were sorted into four principal components that explained 87.44% of total variance and cluster analysis categorized the rice cultivars into six clusters at rescaled cluster distance 10 in Ward's linkage analysis.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation among yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Naba Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation

This study was conducted during summer 2015 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Dipayal, Doti, Nepal to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation on grain yield and yield associated traits using 26 advance genotypes of lowland irrigated rice. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant difference for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for days to flowering (0.88), maturity (0.79), thousand grain weight (0.48) and plant height (0.43) suggesting these traits are under high genetic control. High phenotypic variation was observed for grain yield (24.87%), number of grains/panicle (22.45%), number of panicles/m2 (20.95%) and straw yield (20.75%) while grain yield had medium (12.02%) and remaining traits showed low genotypic coefficient of variation (<10%). High phenotypic coefficient of variation estimated as compared to genotypic coefficient of variation showed environmental influence on the expression of traits. Grain yield (11.98) and days to flowering (10.32) showed medium and remaining traits sowed low genotypic advance as percent of mean. High to low heritability with moderate to low genotypic advance as percent of mean suggested these traits were governed by non additive gene thus direct selection is not beneficial. Further improvements on yield potentiality and yield traits on these genotypes are suggested by creating variation and selection. Panicle length (r = 0.230), days to flowering (r = 0.247), effective tillers (r = 0.488) and straw yield (r = 0.846) manifested significant positive association with grain yield indicating that yield can be increased if selection applied in favor of those yield components.

Estimation of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path analysis in short duration Rice Genotypes of Manipur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHIR KUMAR ◽  
S. BHUVANESWARI ◽  
E. LAMALAKSHMI DEVI ◽  
S. K. SHARMA ◽  
M. A. ANSARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

High significant variations were observed for all the traits studied under present investigation. Considering parameters, high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for the number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, plant height followed by days to 50% flowering. Heritability in broad sense was higher in all of the characters studied under present investigation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed in plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of spikelets per panicle and number of grains per panicle, indicated that these characters under additive gene control and selection for improvement might be effective. Both at the phenotypic and genotypic level, grain yield per plant had significant and positive association with plant height, panicle length,number of filled grains per panicle and number of spikelets per panicle but had significant negative association with number of effective tillers per plant and 1000- grain weight. Number of spikelets per panicle had the maximum positive and direct effect followed by days to maturity, plant height, spikelet fertility and 1000- grain weight. Based on mean performance and various genetic parameters attributes, advance line namely, MC-34-1-10-6-1-26 was observed to be promising because it is of short duration, and yielded significantly higher than the short duration check RCM-8. Promising culture would be recommended for double cropping in the valley region of the state.

Estimate of genetic parameters and correlation coefficient analysis for yield and its traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Anant Kumar ◽  
Joginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients were studied in 104 genotypes of wheat genotypes for yield and yield contributing traits. Both GCV and PCV were found to be moderate for flag leaf area, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and ash content. The days to ear emergence, days to maturity, plant height, harvest index and 1000-grain weight low GCV and PCV values were observed. Number of productive tillers per plant and spike length recorded moderate value of PCV and low value of GCV. High estimate of heritability in narrow sense was recorded for number of productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant, while it was moderate for days to ear emergence, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, grains per spike and low heritability were recorded for 1000-grain weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was recorded for biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive association with 1000-grain weight, harvest index, biological yield per plant, grains per spike, number of productive tillers per plant and days to maturity.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, association and diversity analysis in upland Rice (Oryza sativa L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khare ◽  
AK Singh ◽  
S Eram ◽  
PK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Fertile Spikelet

High heritability coupled with high to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for grain yield per plant, plant height, test weight, fertile spikelet per panicle, total grains per panicle and number of effective tillers per plant. Positive and significant association were observed for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, fertile spikelet per panicle, total grains per panicle and spikelet fertility with grain yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level, while highest positive direct effect on grain yield was recorded by fertile spikelet per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, plant height and days to 50% flowering. Based on ten quantitative traits the accessions were clustered into seven groups, the cluster III contained highest 14 accessions, followed by clusters I comprised 11 accessions and cluster VI, VII, V, IV and II have 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 accessions, respectively. The first four principal components accounted for 77.13% of total variation of all the traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i2.21915 SAARC J. Agri., 12(2): 40-51 (2014)

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION, CORRELATION AND SELECTION INDICES IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Habib ◽  
K. M. Iftekharuddaula ◽  
M. K. Bashar ◽  
Khaleda Akter ◽  
M. K. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Forty advanced breeding lines of rice were studied during T Aman season (rainfed ecosystem) for finding out selection indices, variability and character association for grain yield and its components. All the tested characters were found showing significant variation. The highest genotypic, environmental and phenotypic variances were found in filled grains/panicle followed by plant height. High heritability associated with high genetic advance were obtained in panicles/hill, plant height, filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the cases. Panicle length, panicles/hill and filled grains/panicle showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. Path analysis revealed that filled grains/panicle, panicles/hill and 1000-grain weight had positive and highest direct effects on grain yield. Moreover, panicle length had highest indirect effect on grain yield through filled grains/panicle. Discriminant function analysis revealed that a progressive increase in the efficiency of selection was observed with the inclusion of additional character in the selection index. Among the single variable indices, filled grains/panicle showed maximum relative efficiency over the straight selection for grain yield. The highest relative efficiency was observed with index involving seven characters, days to maturity + panicle length + panicles/hill + plant height + filled grains/panicle + 1000-grain weight + yield (t/ha). However, some of 3-traits, 4- traits, 5- traits, and 6- traits indices were also equally good.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17015

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
HZ Raihan ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
M Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment on combining ability was carried out with 21 crosses produced from 7×7 diallel cross without reciprocal for grain yield and yield contributing characters in maize. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that mean square (MS) due to GCA & SCA were highly significant for all characters except GCA in plant height, cob length and 1000 grain weight and SCA in maturity and row/cob indicated that all but mentioned traits were governed by both additive and non-additive gene action. Variances due to GCA were higher for all characters except thousand grain weight revealed that the predominance of additive gene action for all characters except thousand grain weight. Parent CML 487 and Ki 21 were the best general combiner for yield and most of the yield contributing characters. Parent BMZ 57 & BMZ 15 were the best general combiner for dwarf & earliness in plant. Among all the crosses CML 473 × Ki 21, CML 487 × Ki 21 and CML 429 × BIL 182 exhibited significant positive SCA effect for grain yield. The cross CML 429 × BIL 182 may be considered as the best cross with recorded significant mean value and desired SCA for traits like 1000 grain weight, yield (t/ha), days to 50% pollen shedding, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height and days to maturity. The promising single crosses with significant and positive SCA could be used for variety development after verifying them across locations. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 253-259, June 2019

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Assessment in Lowland Rice Cultivars of Bihar, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Nitesh Kushwaha ◽  
Ravi Kant ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Nilanjaya . ◽  
Digvijay Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The present investigation for various genetic parameters was done for twenty-two lowland rice genotypes in R.C.B.D. with three replications at Rice Breeding Section, Pusa Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P-value =0.01) among genotypes for all the characters. Brasali was the highest yielder suggesting that it can be used for crossing programme for improvement in yield. The phenotypic variance was higher than corresponding genotypic variances for all the characters studied. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for grain yield per plant followed by1000 grain weight, plant height, number of panicles, root volume, leaf length and days to 50 % flowering revealing that sufficient variability was present in the gene pool for these characters. Thus, there is ample scope for genetic improvement of these traits through selection. The broad sense heritability ranged from 23 % (panicle length of main axis) to 97% (1000 grain weight). High heritability was obtained for most of the characters except for panicle length of main axis and kernel width. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, root volume, number of panicles, 1000 grain weight, leaf length and grain yield per plant. High values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean observed for various characters indicate that these traits can be used as selection indices for yield improvement.

scholarly journals Study on Genotypic Response and Correlation Analysis of the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Deepak Vitrakoti ◽  
Sheetal Aryal ◽  
Santosh Rasaily ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 529-536

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