scholarly journals Anatomía vegetativa de Ctenitis melanosticta (Dryopteridaceae, Pteridophyta)

2017 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Victoria Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Teresa Terrazas ◽  
Klaus Mehltreter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Available Information

The root, rhizome, petiole and blade anatomy of Ctenitis melanosticta was studied and compared with the available information for closely related genera. Root is diarc with sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells in the cortex, with fungal hyphae exclusively in the latter. The occurrence of sclereid nests in the rhizome is shared with Dryopteris and Campyloneurum. A cortical band was present in petiole and lamina, as in Dryopteris and other genera of the most derived ferns. The lamina had unifacial mesophyll and under the adaxial epidermis there were several layers of the fiber, as described for Elaphoglossum and Thelypteris, but differed from Asplenium, Dryopteris, and Polybotrya with collenchyma. The anatomy of C. melanosticta was similar to that of most species studied of Dryopteridaceae, although with some differences. Additional anatomical studies in species of Dryopteridaceae will allow to confirm the diagnostic value of several anatomical features, such as the lack of cortical band in the rhizome, the sclereid nests, the unifacial mesophyll, and the cortical band in the lamina.

scholarly journals Anatomical Studies of Two Jatropha Species with Importance for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
N. Tavecchio ◽  
H. Reinoso ◽  
M. Ruffini Castiglione ◽  
C. Spanò ◽  
H. E. Pedranzani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Surface ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Stem Leaf

<p><em>Jatropha curcas </em>L. and <em>Jatropha macrocarpa </em>Griseb. (Euphorbiaceae) are perennial species adapted to marginal conditions not suitable for agriculture, and have been recently exploited for oil and biodiesel production<strong>. </strong>The anatomy of different organs in members of this family exhibits a wide range of variations. However, knowledge of anatomical features is still incomplete. The aim of the present work was to analyze the anatomical structure of stem, leaf and root of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa </em>seedling cultivated in a greenhouse. Fixed samples were properly treated using triple stain hematoxylin, safranin and fast green. Primary roots were diarch and triarch in <em>J. curcas</em>, whereas in <em>J. macrocarpa </em>were diarch and the cortex showed parenchyma cells, larger in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than <em>J. curcas</em>. Stem cortex was thicker in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than in <em>J. curcas</em>.<em> </em>Both species had parenchyma cells with cystolith, chloroplasts, laticifers and starch granules, these being more abundant in <em>J. macrocarpa</em>. Leaves were characterized by dorsoventral anatomy, with the epiderm showing amphistomatic condition with high stomata density at the lower surface. Both <em>Jatropha </em>species had paracytic stomata. Druses and non-articulated branched laticifers were recorded in the mesophyll. Some of the different anatomical features of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa</em> could explain the different tolerance to abiotic stress.</p>

Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 511-524
Author(s):  
TASLIMA FERDOUS ◽  
M.A. QUAIYYUM ◽  
KAZI M. YASIN ARAFAT ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Flexibility Coefficient ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Peroxyformic Acid ◽  
Syringyl To Guaiacyl Ratio

In this paper, chia plant was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, and anatomical properties. Chia plant was characterized with low α-cellulose (30.5%); moderate lignin (23.2%) with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of 1.41; and shorter fiber length (0.67 mm) with thinner cell wall (1.91 μm) and good flexibility coefficient (71.44). Anatomical features showed that chia plant consists of vessels, fibers, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Chia plant pulping was evaluated in soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and formic acid/peroxyformic acid (FA/PFA) processes. Chia plant was difficult to delignify in the alkaline process. The FA/PFA process produced higher pulp yield at the same kappa number than the soda-AQ process. Unbleached soda-AQ chia pulp exhibited good proper-ties in terms of tensile, bursting, and tearing strengths, even at the unrefined stage, due to high drainability of the pulps. Alkaline peroxide bleached FA/PFA pulp exhibited better papermaking properties and 2% higher brightness than the D0(EP)D1 bleached soda-AQ pulp.

scholarly journals Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinloye A. J. ◽  
Illoh H. C. ◽  
Olagoke O. A.
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Xylem Fibre ◽  
Cola Nitida ◽  
Cola Acuminata

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p>Wood anatomy of five <em>Cola</em> species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five <em>Cola</em> species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of <em>Cola acuminata </em>and <em>Cola nitida</em> when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. <em>Cola acuminata</em> have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to <em>Cola nitida</em>,<em> </em>while<em> Cola hispida </em>and <em>Cola millenii</em> are the only species having monohydric crystals. <em>Cola gigantica </em>is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied <em>Cola </em>species.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals Changes in structure of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings shoots under aluminum stress conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

The seedlings of the red pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) cv. Trapez grown in water culture for a period of 14 days with Al (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> AlCl<sub>3</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O). Some morphological and anatomical features of red pepper shoots were analyzed. Reduction in height and diameter of stems as well as decrease in fresh mass of shoots were observed after Al-treatment. In the hypocotyl the thickness of cortex parenchyma layer and the size of their cells were reduced. The aluminum treatment resulted in the increased in thickness of the epidermis outer cell wall. Under Al stress in the cotrex and the central cylinder parenchyma cells were present numerous enlarge plastids which contained large grains of starch and dark little bodies which were possible aluminum deposits. They weren`t observed in control seedlings.

Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

Seed germination In Acacia auriculiformis: developmental aspects

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pukittayacamee ◽  
A. K. Hellum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Time Of Collection

Germination of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. seeds was related to seed development. Full physiological development of seeds, indicated by maximum seed dry weight, was reached 82 days after anthesis; however, maximum percent germination was not reached before day 89. Later, germination declined gradually as dormancy and mortality increased. Most seeds were capable of germination without pretreatment at the time of collection, indicating that seed coats were not impermeable to water. Germination of seeds with moisture content from 14 to 29% can be achieved. Anatomical studies revealed that seeds reached maturity after compressing the parenchyma cells against the inside of the seed coat. The physical properties of the seed coat, therefore, did not control its permeability to water. After the developmental period, seed dormancy increased by further drying of seeds during storage.

Anatomy of vegetative organs with an emphasis on the secretory structures of two species of Aldama (Asteraceae–Heliantheae)

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuane Oliveira ◽  
Aline Bertolosi Bombo ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Underground System

Aldama arenaria (Baker) E.E.Schill. & Panero and Aldama robusta (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero are aromatic plants, morphologically very similar and usually confused on the analysis of exsiccates. The present study aimed to identify the secretory structures present in vegetative organs and to survey for anatomical features with diagnostic value between A. arenaria and A. robusta based on an examination of these organs. Aldama arenaria and A. robusta exhibit hydathodes in the dentate ornamentations of the leaf margins and apices in addition to glandular trichomes, secretory cavities and ducts, all of which vary with respect to type and location in each species. Xylopodia and adventitious roots constitute the underground system. The xylopodium is covered by epidermis or by suberised cells resulting from periclinal divisions of parenchyma cells. The tuberisation process of adventitious roots results mainly from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of medullary cells, especially in A. arenaria. Through anatomical analysis, useful features for distinction between A. arenaria and A. robusta in exsiccates and fresh materials were identified, and these features were related mainly to the position and frequency of secretory structures.

scholarly journals Novelties in secretory structures and anatomy of Rhynchosia(Fabaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽  
ÂNGELA L.B. SARTORI ◽  
EDNA S. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on the secretory structures of leaflets from taxa belonging to the genus Rhynchosia - taxa difficult to delimit because of uncertain interspecific relations - in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these anatomical traits for taxonomic assignment. A further objective was to establish consensual denomination for these secretory structures. The new anatomical features found in these taxa were sufficiently consistent to separate the species evaluated. The presence and localization of glandular-punctate structures bulbous-based trichomes, the number of layers in the palisade parenchyma and the arrangement of vascular units distinguish the taxa investigated and these characteristics can be extended to other species of Papilionoideae. The trichomes analyzed were described and classified into five types. Depicted in diagrams, photomicrographs, and by scanning electron microscopy, and listed for the first time at the genus and species levels. The information obtained served to effectively distinguish the taxa investigated among species of Papilonoideae.

Interactions between a fungal endophyte and gametophyte cells in Psilotum nudum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
Melanie J. Howarth ◽  
Dean P. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Mature Psilotum gametophytes found in greenhouse pots containing plants of Hoya, Philodendron, Aspidistra, or Diffenbachia were processed for microscopy. An endophytic fungus was abundant in the rhizoids and in most cortical parenchyma cells except at the growing apices. Although the fungus has not been identified, it is an aseptate fungus with coarse hyphae which occasionally form vesicles. Endophytic fungal hyphae store quantities of lipid which appear to be released into the host cytoplasm upon fungal degeneration. This lipid and the remnants of hyphal cell walls may be used as an energy source by the achlorophyllous gametophyte. Gametophyte cell organelles, including the nucleus, appear to degenerate after fungal breakdown, and the cells presumably die. Although reinfection of cells containing degenerated hyphae was found, it was not particularly common.

scholarly journals Anatomical studies on medicinal and endangered CAM plants of Milkweed family from Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2115
Author(s):  
Arora Sunita ◽  
Meena Sonam
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Phloem Fibers ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The present investigation was carried out to screen anatomical features of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br., Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. var. bulbosa and var. lushii (Grah.), belonging to family Asclepiadaceae. Plant specimens were collected from semi-arid region of Thar Desert in Rajasthan. These plants are medicinally important and endangered, have been traditionally used as an antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancerous and antioxidant. Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. is used to cure diarrhoea, oedema and tuberculosis. Ceropegia species is used to cure deafness. Tubers are used in the treatment of kidney stone, urinary tracts diseases and eaten by ladies to enhance fertility and viability. The microscopical illustrations revealed interesting features i.e. presence of stone cells, rosette crystals, oil globules, phloem fibers, intraxylary phloem, pericycle patches, large medullary rays, annular vessels, more amount of palisade, mesophyll and multi-cellular trichomes etc. These features supported the habitat condition of Thar Desert and its Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) nature. This study provides referential pharmaco-botanical information for identification, authentication, standardization and detection of adaptation strategies and to develop a protocol to conserve them for further use.

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