scholarly journals Anatomical Studies of Two Jatropha Species with Importance for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
N. Tavecchio ◽  
H. Reinoso ◽  
M. Ruffini Castiglione ◽  
C. Spanò ◽  
H. E. Pedranzani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Surface ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Stem Leaf

<p><em>Jatropha curcas </em>L. and <em>Jatropha macrocarpa </em>Griseb. (Euphorbiaceae) are perennial species adapted to marginal conditions not suitable for agriculture, and have been recently exploited for oil and biodiesel production<strong>. </strong>The anatomy of different organs in members of this family exhibits a wide range of variations. However, knowledge of anatomical features is still incomplete. The aim of the present work was to analyze the anatomical structure of stem, leaf and root of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa </em>seedling cultivated in a greenhouse. Fixed samples were properly treated using triple stain hematoxylin, safranin and fast green. Primary roots were diarch and triarch in <em>J. curcas</em>, whereas in <em>J. macrocarpa </em>were diarch and the cortex showed parenchyma cells, larger in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than <em>J. curcas</em>. Stem cortex was thicker in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than in <em>J. curcas</em>.<em> </em>Both species had parenchyma cells with cystolith, chloroplasts, laticifers and starch granules, these being more abundant in <em>J. macrocarpa</em>. Leaves were characterized by dorsoventral anatomy, with the epiderm showing amphistomatic condition with high stomata density at the lower surface. Both <em>Jatropha </em>species had paracytic stomata. Druses and non-articulated branched laticifers were recorded in the mesophyll. Some of the different anatomical features of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa</em> could explain the different tolerance to abiotic stress.</p>

scholarly journals Anatomía vegetativa de Ctenitis melanosticta (Dryopteridaceae, Pteridophyta)

2017 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Victoria Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Teresa Terrazas ◽  
Klaus Mehltreter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Available Information

The root, rhizome, petiole and blade anatomy of Ctenitis melanosticta was studied and compared with the available information for closely related genera. Root is diarc with sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells in the cortex, with fungal hyphae exclusively in the latter. The occurrence of sclereid nests in the rhizome is shared with Dryopteris and Campyloneurum. A cortical band was present in petiole and lamina, as in Dryopteris and other genera of the most derived ferns. The lamina had unifacial mesophyll and under the adaxial epidermis there were several layers of the fiber, as described for Elaphoglossum and Thelypteris, but differed from Asplenium, Dryopteris, and Polybotrya with collenchyma. The anatomy of C. melanosticta was similar to that of most species studied of Dryopteridaceae, although with some differences. Additional anatomical studies in species of Dryopteridaceae will allow to confirm the diagnostic value of several anatomical features, such as the lack of cortical band in the rhizome, the sclereid nests, the unifacial mesophyll, and the cortical band in the lamina.

Anatomy, palynology and nutlet micromorphology of Turkish endemic Teucrium sandrasicum (Lamiaceae)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhittin Dinç ◽  
Ahmet Duran ◽  
Münevver Pinar ◽  
Meryem Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Palisade Layer ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

AbstractIn this study, the anatomical features of the leaf and stem, besides the pollen and nutlet characteristics of Teucrium sandrasicum are investigated. T. sandrasicum, belonging to sect. Teucrium, is an endemic perennial herb growing on serpentine around Muğla province. The anatomical studies on T. sandrasicum revealed that the stem shares the general characteristics of the Labiatae family. The leaves clearly exhibit xeromorphy due to features such as the distribution of stomata on the lower surface (hipostomatic), the occurrence of guard cells below the epidermis (xeromorphic type), inrolled margins, thick cuticle layer, thick outer epidermal cell wall, a high density of trichomes and thick palisade layer of the mesophyll. The anatomical studies showed that the upper epidermal cells of the leaf include many spherocrystals. The pollen grains are prolate, medium in size, 3-colpate with verrucate ornamentation. The nutlets are ellipsoid with a reticulate-verrucate surface. The results have proven that T. sandrasicum is different from the other species of the sect. Teucrium because of the branched trichomes on the stem and the lack of eglandular trichomes on the nutlets.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Anatomical Studies of Phloem and Xylem Cells of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Tree

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

The localization of starch, lipid and protein, nuclei in the phloem and xylem cells of stem of Jackfruit trees (Artocarpus heterophyllus) has been studied. The optical digital images of anatomical features and localization of nuclei and reserve materials were obtained by light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Starch granules in the ray parenchyma cells were more abundant in the outer xylem close to the cambium than in the inner xylem and phloem. Radial localization of starch granules provided more clear data than transverse and tangential observations. Lipid and protein appeared as droplets and were uniformly distributed in the outer xylem. The parenchyma cells of phloem have large amount of lipid bodies but those were almost absent in cambium and xylem ray parenchyma cells. The results on the localization of storage starch, lipid droplets and proteins in phloem, cambium and xylem cells indicating that reserve materials might be important for wood formation in jackfruit trees. This data would be helpful for further study in tree breeding program and clarification of the mechanism of utilization of such reserve materials and their distribution pattern within the cells. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i1.10876 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(1): 01- 07 

scholarly journals Lipase Immobilization in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Biofuel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Aniello Costantini ◽  
Valeria Califano
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Lipase Immobilization ◽  
Wide Range

Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes whose physiological role is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into fatty acids. They are the most studied and industrially interesting enzymes, thanks to their versatility to promote a plethora of reactions on a wide range of substrates. In fact, depending on the reaction conditions, they can also catalyze synthesis reactions, such as esterification, acidolysis and transesterification. The latter is particularly important for biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be produced from animal fats or vegetable oils and is considered as a biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable energy source. The use of lipases as industrial catalysts is subordinated to their immobilization on insoluble supports, to allow multiple uses and use in continuous processes, but also to stabilize the enzyme, intrinsically prone to denaturation with consequent loss of activity. Among the materials that can be used for lipase immobilization, mesoporous silica nanoparticles represent a good choice due to the combination of thermal and mechanical stability with controlled textural characteristics. Moreover, the presence of abundant surface hydroxyl groups allows for easy chemical surface functionalization. This latter aspect has the main importance since lipases have a high affinity with hydrophobic supports. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the recent progress of lipase immobilization in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a focus on biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Subject-specific multiscale modeling of aortic valve biomechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossini ◽  
A. Caimi ◽  
A. Redaelli ◽  
E. Votta
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Cell Strains

AbstractA Finite Element workflow for the multiscale analysis of the aortic valve biomechanics was developed and applied to three physiological anatomies with the aim of describing the aortic valve interstitial cells biomechanical milieu in physiological conditions, capturing the effect of subject-specific and leaflet-specific anatomical features from the organ down to the cell scale. A mixed approach was used to transfer organ-scale information down to the cell-scale. Displacement data from the organ model were used to impose kinematic boundary conditions to the tissue model, while stress data from the latter were used to impose loading boundary conditions to the cell level. Peak of radial leaflet strains was correlated with leaflet extent variability at the organ scale, while circumferential leaflet strains varied over a narrow range of values regardless of leaflet extent. The dependency of leaflet biomechanics on the leaflet-specific anatomy observed at the organ length-scale is reflected, and to some extent emphasized, into the results obtained at the lower length-scales. At the tissue length-scale, the peak diastolic circumferential and radial stresses computed in the fibrosa correlated with the leaflet surface area. At the cell length-scale, the difference between the strains in two main directions, and between the respective relationships with the specific leaflet anatomy, was even more evident; cell strains in the radial direction varied over a relatively wide range ($$0.36-0.87$$ 0.36 - 0.87 ) with a strong correlation with the organ length-scale radial strain ($$R^{2}= 0.95$$ R 2 = 0.95 ); conversely, circumferential cell strains spanned a very narrow range ($$0.75-0.88$$ 0.75 - 0.88 ) showing no correlation with the circumferential strain at the organ level ($$R^{2}= 0.02$$ R 2 = 0.02 ). Within the proposed simulation framework, being able to account for the actual anatomical features of the aortic valve leaflets allowed to gain insight into their effect on the structural mechanics of the leaflets at all length-scales, down to the cell scale.

Anatomy and Chemical Composition of Pinus Pinaster Bark

IAWA Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Nunes ◽  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Scale Type ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Sieve Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

The secondary phloem of Pinus pinaster Aiton bark has sieve cells and axial and radial parenchyma, but no fibres. Resin ducts are present in fusiform rays . Stiloid crystals, starch granules and tannins occur inside sieve and parenchyma cells. The rhytidome of P. pinaster bark has a variable number of periderms forming scale-type discontinuous layers over expanded parenchyma cells. Phellem comprises 4-6 layers of thickwaIled and little suberized cells and phelloderm a layer of 2 or 3 thickened lignified ceIls and a layer of expanded cells.

Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 511-524
Author(s):  
TASLIMA FERDOUS ◽  
M.A. QUAIYYUM ◽  
KAZI M. YASIN ARAFAT ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Flexibility Coefficient ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Peroxyformic Acid ◽  
Syringyl To Guaiacyl Ratio

In this paper, chia plant was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, and anatomical properties. Chia plant was characterized with low α-cellulose (30.5%); moderate lignin (23.2%) with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of 1.41; and shorter fiber length (0.67 mm) with thinner cell wall (1.91 μm) and good flexibility coefficient (71.44). Anatomical features showed that chia plant consists of vessels, fibers, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Chia plant pulping was evaluated in soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and formic acid/peroxyformic acid (FA/PFA) processes. Chia plant was difficult to delignify in the alkaline process. The FA/PFA process produced higher pulp yield at the same kappa number than the soda-AQ process. Unbleached soda-AQ chia pulp exhibited good proper-ties in terms of tensile, bursting, and tearing strengths, even at the unrefined stage, due to high drainability of the pulps. Alkaline peroxide bleached FA/PFA pulp exhibited better papermaking properties and 2% higher brightness than the D0(EP)D1 bleached soda-AQ pulp.

scholarly journals New insights into Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy: Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Jorge Cunha ◽  
Ilda Caldeira ◽  
Sara Canas
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Constraint

New insights into Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy arise from the fourteen articles published by the Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola in 2021. Research carried out by several international teams covered a wide range of topics that seek to respond to current main challenges: chemical, morphological and anatomical features of the grapevine cultivars explored to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses; seaweed foliar application to grapevines as an innovative and integrated vineyard management technique; nutritional management of grapevine cultivars under cold climate conditions and under water constraint scenarios; viability and cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic solar energy for wineries; viticultural technologies and the food safety of wine; characterization of grapes and methods for juice production; chemical composition of grape seeds; development of analytical and sensory methodologies; portrait of the wine spirits sector in Portugal and its recent evolution.

scholarly journals Changes in structure of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings shoots under aluminum stress conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

The seedlings of the red pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) cv. Trapez grown in water culture for a period of 14 days with Al (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> AlCl<sub>3</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O). Some morphological and anatomical features of red pepper shoots were analyzed. Reduction in height and diameter of stems as well as decrease in fresh mass of shoots were observed after Al-treatment. In the hypocotyl the thickness of cortex parenchyma layer and the size of their cells were reduced. The aluminum treatment resulted in the increased in thickness of the epidermis outer cell wall. Under Al stress in the cotrex and the central cylinder parenchyma cells were present numerous enlarge plastids which contained large grains of starch and dark little bodies which were possible aluminum deposits. They weren`t observed in control seedlings.

The taxonomic status of the genus Rubidgea

Bothalia ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kovács-Endrődy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Carbonaceous Shale ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Wide Range

The genus Rubidgea Tate of the fossil family Glossopteridaceae was reduced to a synonym of Glossopteris by Seward (1907). Seward’s conclusion is now confirmed by a study of a wide range of imprints from a quarry near Hammanskraal, South Africa. The upper and lower surface imprints of a single leaf found on a split fragment of carbonaceous shale provides the main evidence presented. The finely striated upper surface imprint of the leaf could be identified with  Rubidgea, whereas the lower surface imprint represents the typical strong venation of a  Glossopteris. The type species of  Rubidgea is transferred to  Glossopteris as  G. mackayi (Tate) Kovacs comb. nov. The characteristics of upper and lower surface imprints of a number of  Glossopteris species are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document