scholarly journals Establishment of efficient adventitious shoots induction system and ex vitro rooting in Vaccinium corymbosum (Ericaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Ye Wang ◽  
Xian Dong ◽  
Heng-Yu Huang ◽  
Yuan-Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
Southern Highbush

<p align="left"><strong>Background</strong>: The extension of the blueberry industry in China is restricted by the low performance of proliferation coefficient, transplanting survival rate and the long cycle production.</p><p align="left"><strong>Hypothesis</strong>: We hypothesized the suitable medium with optimal concentration and type combination would improve the survival rate of <em>Vaccinium corymbosum.</em></p><p align="left"><strong>Species studied</strong>: <em>Vaccinium corymbosum</em> L. cultivar ‘O’Neal.</p><p align="left"><strong>Study site and years of study</strong>: Our study was conducted in Yunnan Breeding and Cultivation Research and Development Center of Endangered and Daodi Chinese medicinal materials, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine since November 2015.</p><p align="left"><strong>Methods</strong>: Efficient protocol of plant regeneration about Southern highbush blueberry (cultivar ‘O’Neal) was established using annual shoots via single factor and orthogonal experiments.</p><p align="left"><strong>Results</strong>: Olive medium with 2.0 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> zeatin was found to be most suitable for initiation culture. The highest callus induction and bud formation rate were determined with 93.67 % and 95.57 %, respectively. Furthermore, as the germination of axillary buds, numerous shoots were formed with the proliferation coefficient (&gt; 60). Well-developed shoots were obtained using rejuvenation culture on half-strength Olive medium supplemented with combination of 2.0 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> indole-3-butyric acid, 1.0 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.01 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> chlormequat chloride and 0.5 g·L<sup>-1</sup> activated charcoal. The rooting rate could reach to 100 % using 2 cm length of well-developed shoots transferred into the 5:1 sterilized peat:perlite, which was enhanced from 27.61 up to 95 % after transplanting to the field.</p><p align="left"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: An efficient system for plant regeneration from bud induction to transplanting to the field was established to maintain the characteristics of southern highbush blueberry varieties.</p>

scholarly journals Inflorescence Bud Initiation, Development, and Bloom in Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson P. Kovaleski ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
James W. Olmstead ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
The Relationship

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) production is increasing worldwide, particularly in subtropical growing regions, but information on timing and extent of inflorescence bud development during summer and fall and effects on bloom the next season are limited. The objectives of this study were to determine time of inflorescence bud initiation, describe internal inflorescence bud development, and determine the relationship between internal inflorescence bud development and bloom period the next spring in two southern highbush blueberry [SHB (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids)] cultivars. ‘Emerald’ and ‘Jewel’ SHB buds were collected beginning in late summer until shoot growth cessation in late fall for dissection and identification of organ development. Inflorescence bud frequency and number, vegetative and inflorescence bud length and width throughout development, and bloom were also assessed. Inflorescence bud initiation occurred earlier in ‘Emerald’ compared with ‘Jewel’. Five stages of internal inflorescence bud development were defined throughout fall in both cultivars, ranging from a vegetative meristem to early expansion of the inflorescence bud in late fall. ‘Emerald’ inflorescence buds were larger and bloomed earlier, reflecting the earlier inflorescence bud initiation and development. Although inflorescence bud initiation occurred earlier in ‘Emerald’ compared with ‘Jewel’, the pattern of development was not different. Timing of inflorescence bud initiation influenced timing of bloom with earlier initiation resulting in earlier bloom.

scholarly journals Ethephon and Methyl Jasmonate Affect Fruit Detachment in Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1745-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Malladi ◽  
Tripti Vashisth ◽  
Lisa Klima Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Vaccinium Darrowi ◽  
Southern Highbush

Two abscission agents, ethephon and methyl jasmonate, were investigated in five studies to determine their potential for increasing fruit detachment during harvest in rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and southern highbush (hybrids based largely on Vaccinium corymbosum L. and Vaccinium darrowi Camp.) blueberry. In the first study with a rabbiteye blueberry genotype, T-451, ethephon applications up to 1000 mg·L−1 did not affect fruit drop but reduced fruit detachment force (FDF) by up to 21%. In the second study with two southern highbush blueberry genotypes, ethephon (up to 1500 mg·L−1) and methyl jasmonate (MeJa; up to 10 mm) applications resulted in significant fruit drop in ‘Star’ but neither of the growth regulators affected the fruit detachment characteristics of ‘Farthing’. In a third study with rabbiteye blueberry genotypes, MeJa applications of 10, 20, and 30 mm displayed an increasing linear trend in fruit drop in ‘Climax’ and linear and quadratic trends in fruit drop in ‘Powderblue’. In a fourth study with ‘Powderblue’, MeJa (20 mm) and ethephon (1000 mg·L−1) applications resulted in rapid and significant fruit drop. The fruit drop induced by MeJa in this study was attenuated by the coapplication of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, suggesting that MeJa induced fruit detachment partly through its effects on ethylene biosynthesis. In another study with the southern highbush blueberry genotype, O’Neal, MeJa applications (20 mm) induced significant fruit drop but ethephon (1000 mg·L−1) applications did not affect fruit detachment. Overall, MeJa applications (20 mm or greater) generally induced rapid and extensive fruit abscission, often within 1 day after treatment. Applications of MeJa resulted in leaf yellowing and necrosis of leaf tips and margins, especially at high rates of application (20 mm or greater). Ethephon applications resulted in the abscission of mature and immature berries. Both ethephon and MeJa applications resulted in the detachment of the pedicel along with the fruit. Together, these data suggest that although ethephon and MeJa have the potential to be used as harvest aids in blueberry, the rates of application require further optimization to minimize potential phytotoxicity. Additionally, effective de-stemming of the berries may be essential if these compounds are to be used as harvest aids.

scholarly journals Potential for Increasing Southern Highbush Blueberry Flavor Acceptance by Breeding for Major Volatile Components

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Gilbert ◽  
Michael L. Schwieterman ◽  
Thomas A. Colquhoun ◽  
David G. Clark ◽  
James W. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Southern Highbush

Previously, when selecting for flavor in the University of Florida southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L. hybrids) breeding program, sugar/acid ratios and breeder preference were the only factors considered. A more precise method of evaluating flavor would include volatile compounds that may also contribute to the flavor experience. Therefore, volatile profiles of five SHB cultivars (Farthing, FL01-173, Scintilla, Star, and Sweetcrisp) were compared using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All cultivars were harvested on four separate dates within the harvest season, and fruit from each cultivar were also harvested at four developmental stages on the first harvest date. Among the cultivars, soluble solids content and volatile production tended to increase with fruit maturity, whereas titratable acidity decreased. All volatile components were more variable than measures of sugars and acids during the harvest season. Many of the volatiles present varied significantly between harvest dates, resulting in significant genotype × environment interactions during the harvest season. A closer examination of linalool, trans-2-hexenol, trans-2-hexenal, hexanal, and 1-penten-3-ol, five volatile compounds commonly associated with blueberry flavor, showed cultivar, developmental stage, and harvest date differences for each volatile. ‘Star’ experienced the least variation through the harvest period.

scholarly journals Seasonal Water Use of Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants in a Subtropical Climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Luis Mejia ◽  
Bradley Ferguson ◽  
Paul Miller ◽  
Dorota Z. Haman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Seasonal Water Use ◽  
Amended Soil

Nonweighing drainage lysimeters were used to measure seasonal water use of mature ‘Emerald’ southern highbush blueberry (SHB; Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrid) plants grown in pine bark beds and in pine bark amended soil in north central Florida. In the absence of rain, irrigation was applied daily with microsprinklers at ≈120% to 175% of reference evapotranspiration as either single or split applications. Leachate was collected and its volume determined from each lysimeter at 6- to 10-day intervals throughout the study. Water use, expressed as L/plant, was calculated as the difference between the amount of irrigation/rain added to lysimeters and the amount of leachate collected from lysimeters during each measurement period. Average daily water use was calculated for monthly intervals beginning in Apr. 2010 and ending in Sept. 2012. Water use increased rapidly during spring through the final stages of fruit ripening and harvest (May) with peak water use occurring during mid to late summer (July, August, and September). Plants grown in pine bark beds used more water than plants in pine bark amended soil during Apr., May, and Dec. 2010, Feb. 2011, and Mar. 2012, but there were no differences during the periods of highest water use. No differences in water use were observed between single or split-application irrigation treatments. Monthly averages for daily water use during the 30-month period ranged from ≈1.75 L/plant in January to ≈8.0 L/plant in mid to late summer. Mean monthly crop coefficient values during the 30-month period ranged from 0.44 in February to 0.86 in September. Canopy volume, yield, and mean berry weight were unaffected by soil or irrigation treatments.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration from in Vitro Culture of Embryonic Axis Explants in Common and Tepary Beans

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Mohamed ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
Multiple Buds

A new in vitro protocol was developed for multiple bud induction and plant regeneration from embryonic axis explants of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and two tepary bean (P. acutifolius A. Gray) lines. The explants were prepared from two embryo sizes, 3 to 4 mm and 5 to 7 mm, corresponding to pods collected after 15 and 25 days from flowering, respectively. The embryonic axis was cultured on Gamborg's B5 basal medium with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μm BA in combinations with 0, 1, or 2 μm NAA. The cultures were maintained at 24 to 25C under continuous light or incubated in darkness for 2 weeks followed by continuous light before transfer to the secondary B5 medium (0 or 2 μm BA or 2 μm BA plus 4 μm GA3). Adventitious roots or a single shoot with roots formed on the explants cultured on media without plant growth regulators. Multiple buds were induced on all BA media, but more were produced with 5 or 10 μm for most lines. Dark incubation greatly enhanced multiple bud initiation. Shoot buds were not produced on media containing NAA alone or in combinations with BA. On the secondary medium, six to eight shoots per explant for common bean and up to 20 shoots per explant from tepary bean were observed after 3 weeks. Mature, fertile plants were produced from these shoots. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals Flower Bud Density Affects Vegetative and Fruit Development in Field-grown Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Maust ◽  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Southern Highbush

Floral budbreak and fruit set in many southern highbush blueberry (SHB) cultivars (hybrids of Vaccinium corymbosum L. with other species of Vaccinium) begin prior to vegetative budbreak. Experiments were conducted with two SHB cultivars, `Misty' and `Sharpblue', to test the hypothesis that initial flower bud density (flower buds/m cane length) affects vegetative budbreak and shoot development, which in turn affect fruit development. Flower bud density of field-grown plants was adjusted in two nonconsecutive years by removing none, one-third, or two-thirds of the flower buds during dormancy. Vegetative budbreak, new shoot dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area: fruit ratios decreased with increasing flower bud density in both cultivars. Average fruit fresh weight and fruit soluble solids decreased in both cultivars, and fruit ripening was delayed in `Misty' as leaf area: fruit ratios decreased. This study indicates that because of the inverse relationship between flower bud density and canopy establishment, decreasing the density of flower buds in SHB will increase fruit size and quality and hasten ripening.

scholarly journals Comparing the Efficacy of Postharvest Cooling Methods to Enhance Fruit Quality and Reduce Salmonella in Artificially Inoculated Southern Highbush Blueberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaysankar De ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
You Li ◽  
Alan Gutierrez ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Southern Highbush

Cooling procedures used by blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) growers often may include delays up to 24 hours that can damage the fruit through rough handling and adverse temperatures, thereby potentially compromising quality and, subsequently, safety. The objectives of this experiment were to compare forced-air cooling (FAC) compared to hydrocooling without sanitizer (HW) and hydrocooling with sanitizer (HS) regarding the quality and shelf life of southern highbush blueberry [SHB (Vaccinium corymbosum)] and to determine the efficacy of these treatments for reducing Salmonella in SHB. Freshly harvested SHB that were inoculated with a five-serovar cocktail of rifampin-resistant Salmonella were rapidly chilled by FAC or hydrocooling (HW and HS) using a laboratory model system. FAC did not show any significant reduction (P > 0.05) in Salmonella or in the effects on the microbiological quality of blueberries. HW and HS reduced Salmonella by ≈2 and >4 log cfu/g SHB, respectively, on day 0. These postharvest treatments were also evaluated for their ability to help maintain fruit quality throughout a storage period of 21 days at 1 °C. Hydrocooling (both HS and HW) provided more rapid cooling than FAC. Hydrocooled blueberries showed significant weight gain (P < 0.05), whereas FAC resulted in a slight, but insignificant (P > 0.05), reduction in final weight. The results of hydrocooling, both HS and HW, shown in this study could help to extend the shelf life while maintaining or increasing the microbiological quality of fresh market blueberries. Information obtained by this study can be used for developing the best temperature management practices to maintain the postharvest safety and quality of blueberries.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Fertigation Rates for Young Southern Highbush Blueberry

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Yang Fang ◽  
Jeffrey Williamson ◽  
Rebecca Darnell ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Guodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
N Rates

The commercial blueberry industry in Florida has expanded significantly in both acreage and value in the past several years. The southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrid) is the major blueberry type grown in Florida. The nitrogen (N) demand of young SHB differs from the northern highbush blueberry (NHB, V. corymbosum L.) and from mature blueberry plants. The objective of this study was to optimize fertigated N rates for the growth and yield of young SHB plants. One-year-old ‘Emerald’ and ‘Farthing’ plants were fertilized with 32N-0P-0K through drip irrigation at annual rates of 0, 42, 84, 168, and 336 kg N ha−1. Soil nitrate levels at multiple depths were measured along with leaf nutrient concentration, percent canopy ground cover, fruit yield and fruit quality. The results indicated that N rates had no significant effect on leaf nutrient concentrations. Greater N rates advanced bloom and harvest, increased percentage of ground cover (an indicator of canopy size), fruit yield and berry numbers per plant, but decreased mean berry diameter and weight. The soil nitrate results from both ‘Emerald’ and ‘Farthing’ revealed that the 336 kg N ha−1 treatment had a significantly greater risk for nitrate leaching than the lower N treatments in spring. The effect of N rates on fruit quality varied with cultivar and harvest season. The linear plateau regression of fruit yield and N rates indicated that the maximum yield reached at the annual N fertigation rate of 222 kg ha−1 for ‘Emerald’ and 206 kg ha−1 for ‘Farthing’.

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