scholarly journals Differentiation of paediatric burn injury by household energy source in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Rajen Govender ◽  
David Kimemia ◽  
Nancy Hornsby ◽  
Ashley Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Poor Households

Burn injuries remain a significant cause of death and disability in the global south, with children amongst the most vulnerable. In South Africa, burns are a critical health and economic burden in densely populated and energy-impoverished communities. This study used secondary data on burn injuries from 19 health facilities to differentiate between risk for scalds and flame burns across three household energy sources (firewood, paraffin and electricity). The sample was 2 933 cases of child burn victims, with key analytical procedures being descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results showed that 52% of burn injury admissions reported electricity as the household energy source used at the time of injury. Most burn injuries were scalds (85.3%), with infants and toddlers at greatest risk. The differentiation between wood and paraffin was associated with a threefold increase in scalds relative to flame burns, while that between paraffin and electricity indicated a sevenfold increase in scalds and nineteen times such an increase between wood and electricity. This was an indication of continued challenges for the country in addressing paediatric burns despite, and in the context of, the continued electrification of poor households. The study recommends improved regulation of electrical appliances used by low-income households, and targeted household safety education initiatives.

scholarly journals Outcome of Acute Burn Injuries in a Tertiary Care Centre of Kathmandu Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Manish Devkota ◽  
Samit Sharma ◽  
Sangam Rayamajhi ◽  
Jayan M Shrestha ◽  
Ishwar Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Partial Thickness Burn ◽  
Flame Burn

Introduction Burn injuries are associated with higher morbidity and mortality especially in middle and low-income countries. The objective of the study is to assess the outcome of acute burn injuries in a tertiary care center of Kathmandu, Nepal. MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study of the clinical data of acute burn patients admitted from January 2016-December 2018. ResultsOut of 124 patients with burn injuries, there were more females (n=65, 52.4 %) than males (n=59, 47.6%). Flame burn was the most common mode of injury (n=71,57.3 %) followed by scald (n=22,17.7 %). Thirty-eight (30.6%) patients arrived to hospital on the same day of injury. The average time required to reach our hospital was 24 hours. The most frequently involved site was lower extremities (n=40, 32.26%) followed by upper extremities (n=33, 26.62%). Total body surface area (TBSA) involved in the burn injury ranges from 10% to 50% with a median of 15%. Hospital stay was 14 to 58 days with a median of 17 days. Partial thickness burn was seen in 114 (91.94%) patients whereas 10 (8.06%) patients had full thickness burn. Surgical intervention was needed in 71 (57.26%) patients. Among 71 patients, 12 patients underwent surgery twice. Fifty-two (41.94%) patients were managed conservatively. The mortality rate was 4.03%. ConclusionAdult female population is at high risk for burn injuries mostly due to flame burn. Delay in reaching care has also contributed for poor outcome of burn injuries. Majority of burn injury patients needed surgical intervention and hence improvement in surgical aspects can lead to better outcome of burn injuries.Keywords:

Household coal use in an urban township in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balmer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Line Energy ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Urban Township ◽  
Energy Survey ◽  
Fuel Source

Coal is used as a domestic source of energy by low-income households in South Africa. Coal is an affordable fuel source and provides a dual utility – it warms the house and allows cooking to take place in the same appliance utilising only one fuel. Despite affordability and accessibility of the fuel, the use of coal results in extremely high levels of air pol-lution and concomitant respiratory diseases – an estimated $160 million per annum in South Africa. Access to electricity does not result in households switching away from coal since electricity and elec-trical appliances are regarded as unaffordable. This paper presents information collected during a base-line energy survey in an electrified urban township in South Africa, and outlines the way in which coal is used and purchased by poor households. An alternative fire lighting method, proven to reduce smoke and air pollution form coal fires has been demonstrated to households with promising results. An integrated approach, addressing energy efficient housing design, the supply of clean and efficient energy appliances together with the use of the alter-native fire lighting method, is recommended to address pollution from household coal use.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of burn injuries in Nepal: a systemic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Tripathee ◽  
Surendra Jung Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Burn is a global public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Southeast-Asian countries share a big burden of burn injuries, and Nepal is not an exception. We performed a systemic review to examine the epidemiological characteristics of burn injures in Nepal. Relevant epidemiological studies were identified through systemic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Reference lists from relevant review articles were also searched. Studies were included if they meet our selection criteria. Eight studies were included in our systemic review. Most of the burn victims belong to the working age group between 15–60 years old. Flame burns were found to be the most common cause of burn injury followed by scald burns, whereas scald burns were the most common cause of burn injury among the pediatric population. Most patients sustained less severe burn injuries, with home being the most common place of burn injury. The average hospital stay among the burn victims ranged from 13 to 60 days. Mortality among the burn victims ranged from 4.5 to 23.5%, with highest mortality among the flame burn patients. Developed nations have significantly reduced the burn incidence through effective intervention program. Although, burn injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal, effective intervention programs are lacking due to the limited epidemiological data related to burn injuries. Further large scale research is imperative to investigate the problem and assess the effectiveness of an intervention program.

scholarly journals Microfinance Participation in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Wittawat Hemtanon ◽  
Christopher Gan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Household Heads

Income inequality is a major problem in Thailand. A key determinant of income inequality in Thailand is the lack of financial access to financial institutions for low-income families. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play an important role in enabling poor households to access financial resources at a reasonable cost. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that affect Thai households participating in microfinance programs in Thailand. A multinomial logit model is used to investigate the factors that impact the Thai households’ access to microfinance. The study employs secondary data from the Thai Socioeconomic Survey (cross-sectional data in 2017) to identify factors affecting Thai household participation in microfinance programs. The results show that the Village Fund (VF) targets low-income rural households and encourages those with older household heads who have lower levels of education, and female household heads, to participate in their program. Larger households are more likely to access the VF. Households with higher dependency ratios are less likely to borrow from the VF. Households with well-educated, young household heads in regional areas are more likely to borrow money from Saving Groups for Production (SGPs). SGP borrower households have higher household incomes than VF borrower households. Our findings indicate that VFs and SGPs are credit sources in the rural credit market; these sources enable rural households to access credit to meet their needs. In addition, rural Thai households borrow from many sources so that they can rotate their loan repayments. Low-income households refinance their loans by borrowing from different sources.

scholarly journals The Impact Of The National Credit Act On Residential Mortgage Lending In South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-544
Author(s):  
Catherine Boonzaaier ◽  
Joseph Chisasa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Residential Mortgage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Credit Act

The purpose of the study reported in this article was to determine the impact of the National Credit Act on residential mortgage lending in South Africa.  The National Credit Act (NCA) was promulgated and implemented on 1 June 2007. The purpose of the NCA was to remove the many unfair practices, inappropriate disclosure and anti-competitive practices from the market and to achieve honesty in the credit market. Low-income groups were held back because they could not gain access to formal finance to build or improve houses or supplement housing subsidies to get bigger houses. This study applied a quantitative research design using monthly time series secondary data for the period January 2001 to August 2011. The statistical analysis techniques used in this study were t-tests, descriptive statistics, trend analysis and correlation analysis. It was found that the NCA had a positive effect on the residential mortgages in South Africa. These results have policy implications on the continued regulation of the credit market and the avoidance of reckless lending.

scholarly journals The Association between the Extend of Burn Injuries with Albumin Level on Burn Injury patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetya Indah Sari Matondang ◽  
Desiree Anggia Paramita
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. Burn injuries is a damaged or loss of skin caused by a contact with either high temperature sources or very low temperature sources. Burn injuries is classified according to its etiology, depth and extend of the wound.  The extend of the burn can be determined by calculating TBSA (Total Body Surface Area). Wider TBSA will cause lower serum albumin levels due to a higher percentage increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the extend of burn injuries with albumin levels on burn injury patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2017-2018. This research uses observational research with cross-sectional research design, using secondary data obtained from medical records at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2017-2018. The research sample was selected by using the total sampling method from all medical record data that met the research criteria. In this study, significant results were obtained with a value of p = 0.006 (p < 0.05) between the extend of ​​burn injuries and albumin levels in burn injury patients at  Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2017-2018.     Keyword: Burn injury, Albumin, TBSA, RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan  

scholarly journals Severity of thermal burn injury is associated with systemic neutrophil activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laggner ◽  
Marie-Therse Lingitz ◽  
Dragan Copic ◽  
Martin Direder ◽  
Katharina Klas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neutrophil Activation ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Injury Progression

Objectives Burn injuries elicit a unique and dynamic stress response which can lead to burn injury progression. Though neutrophils represent crucial players in the burn-induced immunological events, the dynamic secretion pattern and systemic levels of neutrophil-derived factors have not been investigated in detail so far. Methods Serum levels of neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), and complement factor C3a were quantified in burn victims over 4 weeks post injury. Furthermore, the potential association with mortality, degree of burn injury, and inhalation trauma was evaluated. In addition, leukocyte, platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were assessed. Lastly, we analyzed the association of neutrophil-derived factors with clinical severity scoring systems. Results Serum levels of NE, MPO, CitH3, and C3a were remarkably elevated in burn victims compared to healthy controls. Leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly increased on admission day and day 1, while relative lymphocytes were decreased in the first 7 days post burn trauma. Though neutrophil-derived factors did not predict mortality, patients suffering from 3rd degree burn injuries displayed increased CitH3 and NE levels. Accordingly, CitH3 and NE were elevated in cases with higher abbreviated burn severity indices (ABSI). Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest a role for neutrophil activation and NETosis in burn injuries and burn injury progression. Targeting exacerbated neutrophil activation might represent a new therapeutic option for severe cases of burn injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document