A PRELIMINARY SURVEY STUDY ON THE RECEPTION OF INDOOR HYDROPONICS SYSTEM FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLD IN SELANGOR

Indoor hydroponics system is gaining acceptance and traction in providing practical indoor farming capabilities for urban dwellers, including in low income housing estates. However, for the low income urban dwellers, the size of their residence might restrict the design of the indoor hydroponics system, especially in terms of available floor space. Furthermore, before one starts to develop an indoor hydroponics system, it is imperative to identify users’ preferences, in terms of the types of plants to grow, price, and design to enable the researchers to develop a better indoor hydroponics system. In this study, opinions from 53 participants on indoor hydroponics systems were obtained and analysed. Four aspects were analysed via the survey: (1) customer evaluations; (2) positive value; (3) costing; and (4) purchasing proclivity. The study shows that participants prefer to grow edible plants because of their benefits. Participants also prefer systems priced at below RM100 (60.40% of the respondent). Aloe Vera (56.6% preference) and Brazilian Spinach(49.1% preference) are two types of plants most preferred by the participants. As mentioned previously, the output of this survey will be used to guide the process of developing a suitable indoor hydroponics system for the low-income urban dwellers.

Impacts of Dual-Income Household Rate on Suicide Mortalities in Japan

To explore impact of enhancing social advancement of females in Japan, this study determined the effects of the dual-income household rate on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives between 2009 and 2017 in Japan. This study analysed impact of dual-income household rate, other household-related factors (savings, liabilities and yearly incomes per household, minors and elderly rate per household), and social/employment factors (complete unemployment rate, employment rate, temporary male and female employment rates and certification rate of long-term care insurance) on suicide mortalities disaggregated by attributes of gender, age, and motives using hierarchical linear-regression model. Dual-income household rate was significantly/negatively related to suicide mortality of the working-age female population, but significantly/positively related to that of the elderly female population. Suicide mortalities of the working-age male population and the elderly male population were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate. Male suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and employment-related motives were significantly/positively related to dual-income household rate; however, the dual-income household rate was significantly/positively related to female suicide mortalities caused by family-, health-, economy- and school-related motives, but significantly/negatively related to suicide mortalities caused by romance-related motives. Dual-income households suppress social-isolation and develop economical/psychological independence of females, leading to reduced suicide mortality in working-age females. However, elderly and school-age populations, who are supported by the working-age female, suffer from isolation. Working-age males also suffer from inability to adapt from the traditional concept of work–life and work–family balances to the novel work–family balance concept adapted to dual-income households. These results suggest occurrence of new social/family problems in the 21st century due to vulnerability of traditional Japanese culture and life–working–family balance concepts as well as novel sociofamilial disturbances induced by declining birth rate and ageing population in Japan.

Good Knowledge but Poor Practice Toward COVID-19 Among Indonesian Youth

COVID-19 cases have been increasing among young people as they are often considered to have low compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Given that challenge, there have been limited studies exploring this issue. Through a nationwide online survey, we assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 among Indonesian youth and potential interventions to improve their behavior. We found that Indonesian youth had good knowledge of COVID-19, but their practices remained poor. Noncompliance was more frequent in males, students in Islamic high schools, those residing outside the Java-Bali islands, and students living in a lower income household. Significant barriers included lack of regulation, difficulties in avoiding crowds, and soap shortage. Their exposure to and trust in the internet was very high. These findings highlight that youth compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures should be improved by reducing barriers, collaborating actively with young people, and encouraging effective campaigns together with social media influencers.

ANALISIS USAHATANI DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KUBIS DI KECAMATAN SUMBEREJO KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

This study aims to analyze the farming income, household income, farming constraints, contribution of farming income, household food security level, correlation between household food security level and farming production as well as cabbage farmers’ income. This research has been carried out in the village of Dadapan and Simpang Kanan, Sumberejo Sub District, Tanggamus Regency. This research is a survey involving 56 cabbage farmers selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected in July-August 2019. The research data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative methods. The results of this research shows that cabbage farming income is IDR15,643,452.38 per area of 0,36 hectare annually which contributed to 64.54 percent of IDR28,017,440.48 household income per year. Constraints faced by cabbage farmers are the handling of leaf worms, armyworms, leaf spots, club roots, out model equipment, delayed distribution of fertilizer from farmer groups, decreased cabbage price that is fluctuated every season, and lack of attention from extension agencies. Food security status of cabbage farmer households is 50.00 percent in food secure, 26.79 percent in less secure, 14.8 percent in food vulnerable, and 8.93 percent in food insecure. There is a significant correlation between household food security level and farming production as well as cabbage farmers’ income.Key words: cabbage farming, food security, household income

Contribution of Agroforestry Plants to Farmers’ Income in Nglanggeran Agricultural Technology Park

Agroforestry cultivation is very often practiced in Indonesia. In particular, combining cocoa plantations with several other types of plants such as woody plants, bananas and other plants. This is also done by farmers in the Nglanggeran Agricultural Technology Park. Cultivating agroforestry crops has many advantages, one of which is increasing profits. This study aims to determine the composition of agroforestry patterned crops that provide the highest income and welfare levels for farmers. This research uses analytical descriptive method. The sample used is 60 farmers who cultivate the main crop of cocoa in Nglanggeran Village. Based on the research results, it can be seen that type 6 criteria provides more benefits by combining cocoa with Mahogany, sengon, guava crystals, and durian plants. These criteria have an Average income / household / year of IDR 18,120,430. The highest contribution is in Criterion IV, followed by Criterion VI, then followed by Criteria I, II, V and III. The highest contribution is criterion 4 with a contribution to farmers’ income of 60.32%.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI SAYURAN DI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

This study aims to analyze farming income, household income, and welfare level of vegetable farmer households. This research was conducted in Gisting Subdistrict, Tanggamus Regency. This research was conducted in Januari 2017 until Januari 2018 using a survey method. The results showed that croppingpatern A consisted of mustard greens-chili-tomato-bean (planting season I), cabbage (planting season II), whereas, cropping patern B consisted of mustard greens-chili-tomato (planting season I), cabbage (planting season II). Both patterns were advantageous to cultivate (R/C>1). The income of farmer households from on farm activities gives the highest contribution. Household income received by farmers from cropping pattern A was IDR71,410,517.81/year while cropping pattern B was IDR49,781,431.68/year. Based on the criteria of the Central Bureau of Statistics (2014), there were 82.35% of vegetable farmer households in Gisting Subdistrict, Tanggamus Regency which belonged to welfare households.Key words: farmer, income, level of welfare, vegetable

B40 Group Income Household Trend in Malaysia

Income inequality is crucial issue in the Malaysian economy. This issue has a great impact especially on the B40 group income household because of the rising cost of living today. Therefore, modelling of income data is done to look at income pattern of B40 group in Malaysia. Household income data for Malaysia in year 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2016 have been used in this study. The income distribution used in this study is a two-parameter distribution of Weibull, Log Normal, Fisk and Gamma. This study uses only two parametric distributions to suit the income data because the simplest model is better than the complex model. The best distribution selection is performed with the fitting of statistical distribution through maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. Goodness of fit test has been done to model B40 household income data. The best model for each year used to predict the average income in the future by using regression method. Weibull distribution is the best model for B40 household income data. The study also shows that the average income of the B40 group in the future will increase. Therefore, this study was conducted to assist B40 group to be more sensitive to the Malaysian economy and plan their income wisely.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI NANAS DI DESA ASTOMULYO KECAMATAN PUNGGUR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

This research aims to analyze pineapple farming income, household income, and the prosperity grade of pineapple farmer’s household in Astomulyo Village. This research was purposively conducted in FebruaryMarch 2019 at Astomulyo Village, Punggur Sub District, Central Lampung Regency by survey method. There are 63 respondents taken by Simple Random Sampling. The data was analyzed quantitative and qualitative by farming income method (R/C ratio), household income based on the criteria of BPS (2016), and the welfare level of farmer’s household based on the criteria of BPS (2014). The results showed that average income of pineapple farmers based on cash cost and total cost per hectare wasRp46.526.933,00/year and Rp29.502.072,00/year. Pineapple farming was beneficial because it gained acceptance ratio with cash cost and total cost more than one (R/C ratio) as 3.33 and 1.80. The household income of pineapple farmers was categorized as high income for it reached Rp4.000.000,00/month until Rp6.000.000,00/month. The most contributed income was derived from pineapple farming activities (66.49%), the others were from off farming (13.74%), non-pineapple on farming (12.39%), and nonfarming activities (7.37%). Based on BPS criteria, 50.79% pineapple farmers household in Astomulyo Village were categorized in not prosperous and 49.21% as prosperous farmers household.Key words: household income, pineapple, prosperity grade