scholarly journals Threshing force of paddy as affected by loading manner and grain position on the panicle

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alizadeh ◽  
A. Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Lower Portion ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Tension Loading

Threshing force, which is the force that separates a grain from the panicle, has a great importance in evaluating losses over design and application of harvesting and threshing machines. In addition, it is important to know the shattering habit of rice varieties in rice breeding program. In this study, the threshing force of two improved rice cultivars Dorfac and Kadous (long-grain), and three local cultivars of Hashemi, Alikazemi (long-grain), and Binam (medium-grain) was determined. The threshing force was measured at three portions of upper, middle, and lower of the panicle and three loading manners as tension, bending perpendicular to the front of the grain (type 1) and bending perpendicular to the side of the grain (type 2). The results revealed that cultivars, loading manners and the grain position on the panicle significantly (P < 0.01) affected the threshing force. The highest threshing force of 0.887 N was obtained from the lower portion of the panicle under tension loading; while the least threshing force of 0.267 N was determined for grains from the upper portions of the panicle under bending force of type 2. In the case of tension loading, the highest threshing force value pertained to long-grain cultivars.

scholarly journals The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas's Rice Breeding Program: 1983-2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lanier Nalley ◽  
Karen A. Moldenhauer ◽  
Nate Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Program Test ◽  
The University

This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture's (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University's breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997-2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3 million (2007) dollars. When accounting for the spillover of UofA rice varieties to neighboring states the average annual economic benefit of the breeding program increases to 46.7 million (2007) dollars.

Breeding improved rice cultivars for temperate regions: a case study

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS McKenzie ◽  
CW Johnson ◽  
ST Tseng ◽  
JJ Oster ◽  
DM Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Rice Water

An accelerated rice-breeding program was initiated in 1969 at the California Rice Experiment Station. The program is broad in scope, developing cultivars in all US market classes (long, medium, and short grains) and special purpose types (waxy and aromatics). This grower-funded rice-breeding program has released 27 new cultivars as well as improved germplasm lines. Statewide paddy rice yields have risen from 6.2 to 9.3 t/ha since 1978. The incorporation of semi-dwarfing genes, earlier maturity, and increased yield potential have contributed significantly to increases in grain yield. High experimental yields (>I1 t/ha) are routine and achieving increased increments of yield will become more difficult. After the initial shift to semi-dwarf cultivars, increasing efforts were directed toward improving adaptation to environmental stresses and grain quality. Screening and selection for cold tolerance in the form of seedling vigour for water seeding and resistance to cool temperature induced sterility at the reproductive stage are integral parts of the rice-breeding program. Progress is being made on incorporation into California rice cultivars of resistance to stem rot (Sclerotiurn oryzae Cattaneo) and aggregate sheath spot [Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (Swada) Mordue] from wild species and tolerance to rice water weevil (Lissorhoptus oryzophilus Kuschel). New restrictions and regulations of agronomic management practices may negatively impact rice production, creating problems in stand establishment, soil fertility, and weed, disease, and insect control. Breeding efforts to help minimise the adverse effect of these restrictions on yield and quality will increase in the future. Increased emphasis is being placed on improving milling yield and cooking and processing characteristics, and new laboratory methods are being explored to aid in evaluation and selection for grain quality.

scholarly journals Discovery of Functional SNPs via Genome-Wide Exploration of Malaysian Pigmented Rice Varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin ◽  
Norliza Abu-Bakar ◽  
Yun-Shin Sew ◽  
Sanimah Simoh ◽  
Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Variation Database

Recently, rice breeding program has shown increased interests on the pigmented rice varieties due to their benefits to human health. However, the genetic variation of pigmented rice varieties is still scarce and remains unexplored. Hence, we performed genome-wide SNP analysis from the genome resequencing of four Malaysian pigmented rice varieties, representing two black and two red rice varieties. The genome of four pigmented varieties was mapped against Nipponbare reference genome sequences, and 1.9 million SNPs were discovered. Of these, 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites were identified in 258 protein-coding genes related to metabolism, stress response, and transporter. Comparative analysis of 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites against six rice SNP datasets from the Ensembl Plants variation database was performed, and 70 SNPs were identified as novel SNPs. Analysis of SNPs in the flavonoid biosynthetic genes revealed 40 nonsynonymous SNPs, which has potential as molecular markers for rice seed colour identification. The highlighted SNPs in this study show effort in producing valuable genomic resources for application in the rice breeding program, towards the genetic improvement of new and improved pigmented rice varieties.

Type 2 Diabetes Overtakes Type 1 in Hispanic Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes

Molecular analysis of FVIII gene in severe HA patients of Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S150-S152
Author(s):  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
M. Mendez ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
P. Alvarado ◽  
W. Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Factor Viii Gene ◽  
Intron 22 Inversion ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Inversion Analysis

SummaryHaemophilia A (HA) is X-chromosome linked bleeding disorders caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). It is caused by FVIII gene intron 22 inversion (Inv22) in approximately 45% and by intron 1 inversion (Inv1) in 5% of the patients. Both inversions occur as a result of intrachromosomal recombination between homologous regions, in intron 1 or 22 and their extragenic copy located telomeric to the FVIII gene. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of these mutations in 25 HA Costa Rican families. Patients, methods: We studied 34 HA patients and 110 unrelated obligate members and possible carriers for the presence of Inv22or Inv1. Standard analyses of the factor VIII gene were used incl. Southern blot and long-range polymerase chain reaction for inversion analysis. Results: We found altered Inv22 restriction profiles in 21 patients and 37 carriers. It was found type 1 and type 2 of the inversion of Inv22. During the screening for Inv1 among the HA patient, who were Inv22 negative, we did not found this mutation. Discussion: Our data highlight the importance of the analysis of Inv22 for their association with development of inhibitors in the HA patients and we are continuous searching of Inv1 mutation. This knowledge represents a step for genetic counseling and prevention of the inhibitor development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document