scholarly journals Discovery of Functional SNPs via Genome-Wide Exploration of Malaysian Pigmented Rice Varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin ◽  
Norliza Abu-Bakar ◽  
Yun-Shin Sew ◽  
Sanimah Simoh ◽  
Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Variation Database

Recently, rice breeding program has shown increased interests on the pigmented rice varieties due to their benefits to human health. However, the genetic variation of pigmented rice varieties is still scarce and remains unexplored. Hence, we performed genome-wide SNP analysis from the genome resequencing of four Malaysian pigmented rice varieties, representing two black and two red rice varieties. The genome of four pigmented varieties was mapped against Nipponbare reference genome sequences, and 1.9 million SNPs were discovered. Of these, 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites were identified in 258 protein-coding genes related to metabolism, stress response, and transporter. Comparative analysis of 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites against six rice SNP datasets from the Ensembl Plants variation database was performed, and 70 SNPs were identified as novel SNPs. Analysis of SNPs in the flavonoid biosynthetic genes revealed 40 nonsynonymous SNPs, which has potential as molecular markers for rice seed colour identification. The highlighted SNPs in this study show effort in producing valuable genomic resources for application in the rice breeding program, towards the genetic improvement of new and improved pigmented rice varieties.

scholarly journals Comparison of hot water and methanol extraction combined with ultrasonic pretreatment on antioxidant properties of two pigmented rice cultivars

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
U. Tobgay ◽  
P. Boonyanuphong ◽  
P. Meunprasertdee
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Glutinous Rice

Pigmented rice is considered as the good source of phytochemicals which contains more phenolic contents and higher antioxidant activities compared with non-pigmented rice. However, those phytochemicals are normally extracted using inorganic solvent, using water was rarely found. This study was aimed to compare extraction methods on antioxidant contents and activities of two types of Thai pigmented rice (black glutinous rice and red non-glutinous rice). Pigmented rice was extracted either conventional method alone or a combination of ultrasonic plus conventional method with different solvents (methanol and hot water). Phenolic contents were analyzed by spectrophotometric assay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities were investigated by radical scavenging capacity (ABTS and DPPH). The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly enhanced the total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and higher antioxidant activities compared with conventional extraction irrespective of solvents and rice varieties. Ultrasonic methanol (UM) extraction proved to extract significant higher content of all the compounds analyzed in both the rice varieties. In contrast, hot water (HW) extracts exhibited the lowest amount of bioactive compounds. However, there was no significant difference between methanol extraction alone and ultrasonic pretreatment with hot water extract on antioxidant contents for black glutinous rice. The contents of individual anthocyanins and flavonoids (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin) were significantly increased with ultrasonic pretreatment compare to the conventional method in black glutinous rice while failed to detect the red rice variety. The black glutinous rice contained significantly higher contents of all analyzed compounds and antioxidant activities than red rice. In conclusions, our results demonstrated that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly enhanced antioxidant extraction with higher activities compared with conventional extraction irrespective of solvents and rice varieties. Furthermore, the efficiency of ultrasonic together with hot water extraction was almost equal to methanol extraction which was the one effective solvent for extracting antioxidant.

scholarly journals The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas's Rice Breeding Program: 1983-2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lanier Nalley ◽  
Karen A. Moldenhauer ◽  
Nate Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Program Test ◽  
The University

This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture's (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University's breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997-2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3 million (2007) dollars. When accounting for the spillover of UofA rice varieties to neighboring states the average annual economic benefit of the breeding program increases to 46.7 million (2007) dollars.

scholarly journals Threshing force of paddy as affected by loading manner and grain position on the panicle

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alizadeh ◽  
A. Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Lower Portion ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Tension Loading

Threshing force, which is the force that separates a grain from the panicle, has a great importance in evaluating losses over design and application of harvesting and threshing machines. In addition, it is important to know the shattering habit of rice varieties in rice breeding program. In this study, the threshing force of two improved rice cultivars Dorfac and Kadous (long-grain), and three local cultivars of Hashemi, Alikazemi (long-grain), and Binam (medium-grain) was determined. The threshing force was measured at three portions of upper, middle, and lower of the panicle and three loading manners as tension, bending perpendicular to the front of the grain (type 1) and bending perpendicular to the side of the grain (type 2). The results revealed that cultivars, loading manners and the grain position on the panicle significantly (P < 0.01) affected the threshing force. The highest threshing force of 0.887 N was obtained from the lower portion of the panicle under tension loading; while the least threshing force of 0.267 N was determined for grains from the upper portions of the panicle under bending force of type 2. In the case of tension loading, the highest threshing force value pertained to long-grain cultivars.

scholarly journals Nutritional compositions, polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of pigmented rice varieties and adlay seeds enhanced by soaking and germination conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyiola Oluwakemi Owolabi ◽  
Bandhita Saibandith ◽  
Santad Wichienchot ◽  
Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Background: Pigmented rice varieties are gaining interest due to their superior nutritional and phenolic properties compared to white rice varieties. With the rising risk of diabetes, cereals with higher protein contents should be consumed with rice. Adlay is one of the underutilized crops with higher protein contents and other functional properties. The germination process is one of the easy and innovative techniques for improving functional properties in seeds. In this study, two pigmented rice varieties and adlay seeds were soaked (24 h) and germinated for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. The physicochemical properties, polyphenolic profiles, and the antioxidant activities of these samples were evaluated.Results: Purple rice (PR) demonstrated the highest values for polyphenolic contents, with 9 compounds detected for antioxidant activities. There were 6 compounds detected for red rice (RR). The adlay seeds had the least concentrations of phenolic compounds, with 6 compounds  and higher nutritional properties identified. New compounds were synthesized. Among the rice samples, 24 h soaking (S24) gave the best results for phenolic and antioxidant properties, with 24 h germination in adlay seeds. 48 h germination yielded better results for the nutritional values in all the samples.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates how the process of soaking is a cheap and less time-consuming process of improving bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in pigmented rice varieties and adlay seeds. Keywords: polyphenols; antioxidant; pigmented rice; adlay; germination.

scholarly journals Java Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Nutritional Value and Anthocyanin Profiles and Its Potential Role as Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Ayu Tri Agustin ◽  
Anna Safitri ◽  
Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Ic50 Value

This study investigates nutritional value, amino acid profile, and total anthocyanin in pigmented rice as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent. Six rice varieties were extracted using 0.1% HCl in methanol, namely four red rice, one black rice, and one white rice. Rice extract was used for proximate analysis and amino acid profiling. Total anthocyanin was measured and identified by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The antioxidant activity was determined using Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and the α-amylase enzyme-inhibited by anthocyanin extract of red rice as anti-diabetic was measured. The study result showed that the proximate level (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, water, and ash) in pigmented rice was different. Cempo merah red rice is a source of amino acids, both essential and non-essential amino acids that act as good nutrition. The highest total anthocyanin level between red rice varieties of 10.87 mg/g was found in Aek sibundong red rice. High biological function activities as an antioxidant were indicated by Aek sibundong red rice with an IC50 value of 6.65 µg/mL. Aek sibundong red rice shows the lowest IC50 value of 144.46 µg/mL in anti-diabetic activity. Thus, Aek sibundong red rice may have the potential as α-amylase inhibitor for diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Content Characterization on Pigmented Local Rice as Genetic Resources of Functional Food

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Kristina Dwiatmini ◽  
Higa Afza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Pigmented Rice

<p>Local varieties of pigmented rice are highly valuable genetic resources as a functional food in the future. Pigmented rice contains anthocyanins which function as nutrient bioactive components, called antioxidants. The aim of this research was to characterize anthocyanin content on 27 accessions of pigmented local rice, 2 varieties of released red rice varieties (Aek Sibundong and Inpari<br />24), and 1 control varieties of white rice, Ciherang. The content of anthocyanin was analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with cyanidin-3-glucoside as a standard. The results showed that local rice Aen Metan and Melik had the highest anthocyanin content were reached 0.7953 mg/g and 0.7806 mg/g. These content were higher than 2 released red rice varieties, Aek Sibundong and Inpari 24 which had anthocyanin content reached 0.6496 mg/g and 0.4423 mg/g, respectively. Aen Metan and Melik were local black rice varieties and frequently have used as a parent in the breeding program. The white rice as control, Ciherang was showed the lowest anthocyanin content. Four pigmented local rice, Baliman Putih, Sari Kuning, Karamanting, and Iden had higher anthocyanin content than the two released red rice breeding varieties.</p>

scholarly journals DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS USING FLATBED SCANNING SYSTEM FOR PURITY TESTING OF RICE SEED AND CONFIRMATION BY GROW OUT TEST

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Landep Widiastuti ◽  
Aris Hairmansis ◽  
Endah Retno Palupi ◽  
Satriyas Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Purity Testing

<p class="abstrakinggris">The common method used for purity testing of rice seed is human visual observation. This method, however, has a high degree of subjectivity when dealing with different rice varieties which have similar morphology. Digital image analysis with flatbed scanning for purity testing of rice seed was proposed by investigating the morphology of rice seeds and confirmation by grow out test (GOT) in the field. Two extra-long seed varieties were used in this study including a red rice Aek Sibundong and an aromatic rice Sintanur. The identification on 14 parameters of morphological characteristics indicated that only six parameters were correlated, i.e. area, feret, minimum feret, aspect ratio, round, and solidity. The purity of rice seed can be effectively determined using digital image analysis of spikelet color and shape. Based on the discriminant analysis of the digital image the recognition rate of rice seed purity was higher than 99.2% for shape and 93.55% for color. The method, therefore, has a potential to be used as a complement in rice seed purity testing to increase the accuracy of human visual method and it is more sensitive than GOT.</p>

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