scholarly journals Evaluation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) hybrid combinations for the transmission of fire blight resistance and fruit characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Evrenosoğlu ◽  
K. Mertoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Harmful Effects

Fire blight is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits, especially pears. In current conditions when the demand for organic products is increasing, improvement of resistant rootstock and varieties is becoming important due to the lack of an effective disease management method against fire blight caused by Erwinia amy-lovora as well as the harmful effects of chemicals on environment, human and animal health. The findings of the researchers as to which variety performs well in terms of the transmission of fire blight resistance are quite important for new breeding programs. In the study, three varieties with high commercial value (Magness, Santa Maria and Williams) were identified as the maternal parents and 21 hybridization combinations were made with seven varieties (Akça, Ankara, Conference, Güz, Kaiser Alexandre, Kieffer and Taş) as pollinators. The Magness maternal parent was found superior when compared with the other maternal parents for the variety susceptibility level to fire blight. Apart from the differences in the susceptibility level of 21 different combinations of hybrids to fire blight, the commercially superior ten hybrids (I-15-24, II-13-1, II-13-19, II-13-34, II-13-73, II-27-21, II-27-55, II -32-44, III-22-638, III-27-590) have been determined via the weighted ranking method from the parameters of disease resistance and different fruit characteristics measuring the commercial preference of the fruits such as fruit quality, attractiveness, size, firmness and rustiness

SELECTION FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF APPLE GENOTYPES ORIGINATING FROM EUROPEAN GENETIC RESOURCES AND BREEDING PROGRAMS

2011 ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sobiczewski ◽  
A. Mikiciński ◽  
M. Lewandowski ◽  
E. Zurawicz ◽  
A. Peil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection For

Identifying QTLs for fire-blight resistance via a European pear (Pyrus communis L.) genetic linkage map

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dondini ◽  
L. Pierantoni ◽  
F. Gaiotti ◽  
R. Chiodini ◽  
S. Tartarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Pyrus Communis L

Identifying QTLs for fire-blight resistance via a European pear (Pyrus communis L.) genetic linkage map

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dondini ◽  
L. Pierantoni ◽  
F. Gaiotti ◽  
R. Chiodini ◽  
S. Tartarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Pyrus Communis L

scholarly journals QTL mapping of fire blight resistance in apple

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Khan ◽  
Brion Duffy ◽  
Cesare Gessler ◽  
Andrea Patocchi
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance

scholarly journals Evaluation of Susceptibility of Different Pear Hybrid Populations to Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin EVRENOSOĞLU ◽  
Adalet MISIRLI ◽  
Hikmet SAYGILI ◽  
Emre BİLEN ◽  
Özlem BOZTEPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Santa Maria

Fire blight disease caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is the serious disease of pear, and there is not a certain chemical management against this disease except antibiotic-type compounds such as streptomycin. It is very important to improve new fire blight resistant cultivars in case of integrated disease management. With this purpose, different crosses have been made between Pyrus communis varieties that have good fruit characteristics and resistant cultigens. Besides, self and open pollination treatments have been carried out in maternal plants. The disease resistance level of the hybrids obtained from these combinations was determined by artificial inoculations by Erwinia amylovora in greenhouse conditions. A total of 3284 hybrids were inoculated, and 2631 of them survived and were distributed to different susceptibility classes. 19.88% of the inoculated hybrids was killed by Erwinia amylovora. Total distribution of the hybrids to susceptibility classes was as 6.18% in class “A- slightly susceptible”, 3.11% in class “B- less susceptible”, 8.89% in class “C- mid-susceptible”, 20.28% in class “D- susceptible”, and 61.54% in class “E- very susceptible”. Majority of class “A- slightly susceptible” hybrids were obtained from ‘Magness’ x ‘Ankara’ combination. ‘Kieffer’ x ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Kieffer’ open pollination, ‘Magness’ x ‘Akça’, ‘Magness’ x ‘Kieffer’, ‘Magness’ x ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Mustafa Bey’ x ‘Moonglow’ treatments displayed good results with respect to “A- slightly susceptible” character. It is very important to evaluate these hybrid pear populations through different fruit and tree characteristics in the future.

PSXI-8 Heritability estimates of antibody- and cell-mediated immune response in north American angus beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Shannon Beard ◽  
Doug C Hodgins ◽  
Julie Schmied ◽  
Jeff Caswell ◽  
Michael M Lohuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
North American ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract Including immune response traits in breeding programs has been suggested as a solution to improve overall animal health and enhance disease resistance but is not yet available for Angus cattle in North America. One way to measure immune response is to use the High Immune Response (HIR™) technology, which identifies animals with superior heritable immunity by evaluating antibody-mediated (AMIR) and cell-mediated (CMIR) immune response, allowing for the calculation of an estimated breeding value for total adaptive immune response for each animal. Before HIR™ can be included in beef cattle breeding programs, genetic parameters, including heritability, must be estimated for the traits involved. The objective of this study was to estimate a preliminary heritability for AMIR and CMIR in North American Angus beef cattle. On day 0 of the phenotyping protocol, cattle were immunized intramuscularly with a preparation of type 1 (CMIR) and type 2 (AMIR) antigens with adjuvant. On day 14, cattle received an intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of the CMIR test antigen in the right tail fold, and 0.1 mL PBS in the left tail fold. Change in cutaneous double skinfold thickness after 24 hours was used to assess CMIR. Blood was collected on days 0 and 14 to evaluate serum antibody to the type 2 antigen by ELISA to quantify AMIR. Heritability estimates were calculated for Canada and the USA separately, and then for both countries combined using single-trait animal models in ASReml and are presented in Table 1. The results of this study indicate that the heritabilities of AMIR and CMIR are moderate and emphasize the potential for its inclusion into Angus breeding schemes.

STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN APPLE BY RDNA TECHNOLOGY

2007 ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Borejsza-Wysocka ◽  
M. Malnoy ◽  
J.L. Norelli ◽  
S.V. Beer ◽  
S.H. He
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed with Maize Colonized by Either Toxigenic or Atoxigenic Strains of Aspergillus flavus with and without an Aflatoxin-Sequestering Agent

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
M. O. Samuel Aikore ◽  
Alejandro Ortega-Beltran ◽  
Daisy Eruvbetine ◽  
Joseph Atehnkeng ◽  
Titilayo D. O. Falade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

In warm agricultural areas across the globe, maize, groundnut, and other crops become frequently contaminated with aflatoxins produced primarily by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Crop contamination with those highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds impacts both human and animal health, as well as the income of farmers and trade. In Nigeria, poultry productivity is hindered by high prevalence of aflatoxins in feeds. A practical solution to decrease crop aflatoxin content is to use aflatoxin biocontrol products based on non-toxin-producing strains of A. flavus. The biocontrol product Aflasafe® was registered in 2014 for use in maize and groundnut grown in Nigeria. Its use allows the production of aflatoxin-safe maize and groundnut. A portion of the maize treated with Aflasafe in Nigeria is being used to manufacture feeds used by the poultry industry, and productivity is improving. One of the conditions to register Aflasafe with the national regulator was to demonstrate both the safety of Aflasafe-treated maize to avian species and the impact of Aflasafe as a public good. Results presented here demonstrate that the use of maize colonized by an atoxigenic strain of Aflasafe resulted in superior (p < 0.05) broiler performance in all evaluated parameters in comparison to broilers fed with toxigenic maize. Use of an aflatoxin-sequestering agent (ASA) was not sufficient to counteract the harmful effects of aflatoxins. Both the safety and public good value of Aflasafe were demonstrated during our study. In Nigeria, the availability of aflatoxin-safe crops as a result of using Aflasafe allows poultry producers to improve their productivity, their income, and the health of consumers of poultry products.

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