Fertility analyses of interspecific hybrids between Lagerstroemia indica and L. speciosa

Interspecific crosses play an important role in gene introgression, plant improvement and speciation. However, poor fertility of F<sub>1</sub> generation was commonly found, which hampered backcrossing and ideal progeny generation. To explore useful materials for further breeding programs, sterile hybrids (DD1, FD1, ZD3) from different cross combinations of Lagerstroemia indica and L. speciosa and the fertile hybrid (ZD6) were selected. The results showed that pollen grains of sterile hybrids had no germination ability while ZD6 showed 25.90% pollen germination rate. The morphology of stigmas and their papilla cells showed no apparent difference. Normal pollen tubes could be detected in ovaries of ZD6 and ZD3 24 h after pollination. However, the enlarged ovaries of ZD3 began to abscise at 72 h after pollination, which suggested that the barriers occurred during post-fertilization phases. As a consequence, ZD6 can be used as either male or female parent for further Lagerstroemia breeding programs, while the sterile hybrids may be used as female parent through embryo rescue culture.

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Embryo rescue from interspecific crosses in apple rootstocks

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2006000600011 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 969-973 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adriana Cibele de Mesquita Dantas ◽

José Itamar Boneti ◽

Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽

Miguel Pedro Guerra

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Female Parent ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Apple Rootstocks ◽

Hand Pollination

The objetive of this work was to rescue immature embryos of apple rootstocks Malus prunifolia (Marubakaido) and Malus pumila (M9) after 40-60 days of pollination and to put them into MS culture media supplemented with agar (6 g L-1) and casein hydrolysate (500 mg L-1). Embryos originated from interspecific crosses and open pollination showed differences in the in vitro responses, depending on the female parent, the developmental stage of the embryo, and the culture medium composition. Embryos of the M. pumila rootstock, rescued within 40 days after pollination and put in culture medium supplemented with indolacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin and maltose, resulted in a normal development of plantlets. However, embryos originating from hand-pollination, cultivated in medium supplemented with 14 µM IAA, 5 µM kinetin and 1.5 µM Ga3 (MS1), mainly those of M. prunifolia x M. pumila, showed a high percentage of rusted embryos (96.2%). Embryos from open pollination of M. prunifolia and M. pumila formed calluses. It was possible to identify the influence of the female parent by the enhanced development of M. pumila shoots derived from open or hand-pollination. The crossing of responsive species and the use of the technique of embryo culture provided a rapid and uniform germination and, consequently, the development of fully normal seedlings.

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Can Selenium and Molybdenum Restrain Cadmium Toxicity to Pollen Grains in Brassica napus?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19082163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2163 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marwa Ismael ◽

Ali Elyamine ◽

Yuan Zhao ◽

Mohamed Moussa ◽

Muhammad Rana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Physiological Level ◽

The Impact

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic, even at very low concentrations, to both animals and plants. Pollen is extremely sensitive to heavy metal pollutants; however, less attention has been paid to the protection of this vital part under heavy metal stress. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of foliar application of Se (1 mg/L) and Mo (0.3 mg/L) either alone or in combination on their absorption, translocation, and their impact on Cd uptake and its further distribution in Brassica napus, as well as the impact of these fertilizers on the pollen grains morphology, viability, and germination rate in B. napus under Cd stress. Foliar application of either Se or Mo could counteract Cd toxicity and increase the plant biomass, while combined application of Se and Mo solutions on B. napus has no significant promotional effect on plant root and stem, but reduces the seeds’ weight by 10–11%. Se and Mo have decreased the accumulated Cd in seeds by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Microscopic studies, SEM, and pollen viability tests demonstrated that pollen grains could be negatively affected by Cd, thus disturbing the plant fertility. Se and Mo foliar application could reduce the toxic symptoms in pollen grains when the one or the other was sprayed alone on plants. In an in vitro pollen germination test, 500 μM Cd stress could strongly inhibit the pollen germination rate to less than 2.5%, however, when Se (10 μM) or Mo (1.0 μM) was added to the germination medium, the rate increased, reaching 66.2% and 39.4%, respectively. At the molecular level, Se and Mo could greatly affect the expression levels of some genes related to Cd uptake by roots (IRT1), Cd transport (HMA2 and HMA4), Cd sequestration in plant vacuoles (HMA3), and the final Cd distribution in plant tissue at the physiological level (PCS1).

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Trigenomic hybrids from interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and B. nigra

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp09276 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 464 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Aneeta Pradhan ◽

Julie A. Plummer ◽

Matthew N. Nelson ◽

Wallace A. Cowling ◽

Guijun Yan

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Female Parent ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Chromosome Count ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Interspecific Hybridisation ◽

Hybrid Seeds

Interspecific hybridisation was carried out between five cultivars of Brassica napus and five accessions of B. nigra in all possible cross combinations including reciprocals. Crossing success was higher when B. napus genotypes were used as female parents. Pollination of 799 B. napus flowers with B. nigra pollen resulted in 433 pods set and 2063 putative hybrid seeds. In the reciprocal direction, pollination of 877 B. nigra flowers with B. napus pollen resulted in 281 pods set and 113 putative hybrid seeds. Pod and seed set varied with genotype and only 19 out of 25 combinations of B. napus × B. nigra and 14 out of 25 combinations of B. nigra × B. napus yielded seeds. Hybridity of 2176 putative hybrid seeds (2063 from B. napus × B. nigra and 113 from B. nigra × B. napus) was tested. Microsatellite markers with known locations for the A, B and C genomes indicated that six plants were true hybrids and one more plant remained unconfirmed for hybrid status. All other plants from putative hybrid seeds had the same DNA banding patterns and similar morphological characters as the female parent. However, the true hybrids had DNA bands from both parents and an intermediate morphology for colour and hairiness of leaf, stem and petiole. Anthers were shrunken and thin with a very limited number of sterile pollen grains. Cytological examination confirmed the triploid status of the hybrid with 27 chromosomes. The unconfirmed hybrid had 9% pollen viability and chromosome count was 27 as with the true hybrid; however, there was no clear B-genome marker from B. nigra.

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Pollen Quantity and Viability in 65 Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12193-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 1337-1341

Author(s):

Jiefang Wu ◽

Danwen Fu ◽

Jiezhen Chen ◽

Changhe Cai ◽

Qian Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stage ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Litchi Chinensis ◽

Development Stages ◽

Pollen Quantity ◽

Compatible Pollen

The characteristics of litchi pollen have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies indicated that there are significant differences in the quantity and viability of litchi pollen grains among different varieties and flowering stages. Moreover, the same variety may show a different quantity of pollen grains and viability in different years. There is still a lack of systematic studies on the change of pollen germination rate and pollen amount in different varieties and at different flowering stages. In this study, the changes in the germination rate of pollen at different development stages were studied. It was primarily revealed that the pollen germination rate already approached its peak upon the filament extends fully, but the anther does not dehisce the developmental stage. In 2009 and 2010, the viability and number of pollen grains per anther were investigated in 65 litchi cultivars, and a difference was observed among cultivars. The pollen germination rate ranged between 20.14% (‘Wuchali’) and 54.69% (‘Donlongmili’). The number of pollen grains per anther ranged between 1555 (‘Zhongshanzhuangyuanhong’) and 7455 (‘Houye’). Sixty-five litchi cultivars were classified into six clusters based on the pollen quantity and germination rate. Most litchi cultivars can produce large amounts of viable and compatible pollen grains during the flowering period. Thus, our results indicate that the pollen amount and germination rate might not be the only factors restricting the successful pollination of litchi.

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Optimum age of siliques for rescue of hybrid embryos from crosses between Brassica oleracea, B. rapa and B. carinata

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 965-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. H. Rahman

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Interspecific Cross ◽

Female Parent ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Seed Color ◽

Female Embryo ◽

Genome Species ◽

Rescue Technique

Interspecific hybrids were produced from crosses involving Brassica rapa var. Yellow Sarson (AA), Canadian B. rapa (AA) cultivars, B. oleracea var. alboglabra (CC), B. oleracea var. italica (CC), rapidcycling B. oleracea (CC) and B. carinata (BBCC) to introgress the yellow seed color or self-incompatibility genes into B. napus. Embryo rescue technique was employed for this purpose. In interspecific crosses where a CC genome species was used as the female parent, a significantly lower number of ovules were fertilized compared to the crosses where the BBCC genome species was female. Embryo growth and development were slower in the crosses where the CC genome species was female than in the crosses where BBCC genome species was female. The efficiency of the embryo rescue technique from 16 to 40 d after pollination (DAP) with 4-d intervals was investigated in the crosses using CC genome species as female. The highest numbers of embryos were rescued between 20 and 28 DAP depending upon the specific cross undertaken. However, the survival rate of the embryos rescued at 20 DAP was very low compared to the embryos rescued at 24 and 28 DAP. The survival rate of the embryos rescued at 32 DAP was generally high, but the number of embryos rescued at this stage was significantly lower than at 24 and 28 DAP. No embryos were obtained at 16 DAP or at 40 DAP. Thus, using the CC genome species as female parent, the maximum efficiency of the embryo rescue technique was achieved when embryos were rescued between 24 and 28 DAP. In the case of crosses using the BBCC genome species as female, rescue of hybrid embryos was successful at 18 and 22 DAP. Key words: Brassica, interspecific cross, embryo rescue, embryo development

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Assessment of pollen viability and germination in Swainsona formosa (G.Don) J.Thompson

Biospecies ◽

10.22437/biospecies.v12i1.6596 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zulkarnain Z

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Proper Time ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Viability Assessment

The work presented here was aimed at investigating the proper time (after spreading) for viability assessment and the effect of various sucrose concentrations on pollen germination in Swainsona formosa. The rate of pollen tube formation was determined for freshly shed pollen grains of glasshouse-grown plants at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 120-minute intervals after being plated on Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) medium. The results indicated that within 60 minutes pollen germination reached 63.70%, after which remained steady at 120 minutes (63.71%). Under the effect of various concentrations of sucrose, i.e. 0.5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/v), the germination rate of pollen grains was assessed at 60 minutes following germination. The results showed that sucrose concentration of 10 – 15% (w/v) produced better germination rate (64.14%) compare to lower concentrations (19.64 and 43.58% at zero and 5% sucrose, respectively). Sucrose concentration above 15% was also found to inhibit pollen germination (48.92% at sucrose concentration of 20%).

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Sexual polyploidization in red clover

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000100005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carine Simioni ◽

Maria Teresa Schifino-Wittmann ◽

Miguel Dall'Agnol

Keyword(s):

Genetic Basis ◽

Selection Process ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Red Clover ◽

Female Parent ◽

Pollen Sterility ◽

Sexual Polyploidization ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Triploid Block

Because sexual polyploidization broadens genetic basis and supply plant breeders with more variability for the selection process, it can be useful in red clover breeding. This paper reports results of three crossing cycles, starting from a parental generation of tetraploid red clover plants (female parent), and diploids from the Quiñiqueli cultivar, selected for production of more than 1% of giant pollen grains (male parent) aiming to obtain tetraploid plants to be used in red clover breeding programs. Crosses in the next generations were performed by mutual cross-pollinations. Chromosome number chimerism and high pollen sterility were detected in F1, F2 and F3, but there was a trend towards increasing seed production and seed viability along the generations, probably due to successful competition between fertile and sterile gametes. The identification of fertile triploids, as well as their recurrent formation along the generations, indicates that triploid block is not complete in red clover, and that triploids may be successfully used as a bridge for the production of sexual polyploids.

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Pollen Germination Potential Influences by Carbohydrates and Proteins in Pollen Grains of Asian Pear

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.762a ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 762A-762

Author(s):

Wol-Soo Kim* ◽

Sang-Hyun Lee

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Tube Growth ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Con A ◽

Asian Pear ◽

Pollen Surface

In order to investigate the cause of differences of mature pollen in Asian pear (Pyrus phyfolia) that are collected from various sources for the artificial pollination, various factors were measured as below: the composition of nonstructural carbohydrate in bud at 30 days after full bloom, the contents of crude protein in skin, cytosol and membrane, and the affinity for lectin (CON-A: Concanavalin, type III A) of glycoprotein in cytosol of pollen were measured. Contents of sucrose and glucose in buds influenced pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth, respectively. Therefore, soluble types of carbohydrates stored in bud were regarded as influencing on pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth. Pollen, which showed low activity, had low affinity on CON-A, lectin of glycoprotein, because it had fragile membrane, proteins in cells were denatured to pollen surface and certain enzymes concerned in pollen germination lost stability and activity. Pollens that showed high activity contained 92 kDa protein while others not. This was assumed as influencing on control of pollen viability.

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Germination Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of Antioxidant Enzymes during Storage of Viola dissecta Pollen

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (04) ◽

pp. 838-844

Author(s):

Wenqing Jia

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Suitable Medium ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Surface Ornamentation

Knowledge about pollen ultra-morphology, storage characteristics and germination rate are essential for directional plant breeding and plant improvement. The objective of this study was to determine a suitable medium for pollen germination in vitro of Viola dissecta and to evaluate the effect of different storage temperatures on its pollen longevity. The pollen ultra-morphology of V. dissecta was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the suitable medium for pollen germination in vitro was determined by orthogonal test. Dried pollen of V. dissecta was stored at different temperatures (room temperature, 4, -20 and -80°C) and different storage times (24, 40, 72, 120, 184, 264 and 365 d), the germination rate of the stored pollen and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were investigated. Pollen grains of V. dissecta were medium-sized with three germination ditches. The surface ornamentation was smooth with small grains set on the surface, which was different from Viola spp. pollen. The most suitable medium for V. dissecta was composed of 285 g•L-1 sucrose, 6 g•L-1 agar, 50 mg•L-1 GA3, 250 mg•L-1 boric acid, and 200 mg•L-1 Ca(NO3)2, The best storage temperature of pollen was -80oC, after 365 d of storage, the germination rate was still 57.86%. During storage, the pollen germination rate decreased significantly after the peak of the activities of the three antioxidant enzymes. Correlation analysis showed that SOD was major factor affecting the germination rate of V. dissecta pollen, and it has a significant positive correlation with pollen germination rate, followed by CAT and POD. SOD was a sensitive antioxidant enzyme at room temperature, 4 and -80°C, whereas at -20°C, both SOD and CAT were sensitive antioxidant enzymes. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers © 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers©

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(240) Cytological Analyses of BC1 Hybrids Derived from IMR 2n Gamete of Interspecific Hybrid Between L. auratum and L. henryi

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1040d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1040D-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mi-Young Chung ◽

Jae-Dong Chung ◽

Jaap Van Tuyl ◽

Ki-Byung Lim

Keyword(s):

Embryo Rescue ◽

Female Parent ◽

Genome Composition ◽

Germination Ability ◽

Fertile Pollen ◽

Rescue Technique ◽

2N Gamete ◽

Chromosome Segments ◽

Morphological Phenotype

Intergenomic F1 hybrids between L. auratum and L. henryi were made and backcrossed to Oriental hybrids to produce BC1 progenies. The F1 intergenomic hybrids produced a relevant frequency of 2n-gamete and fertile pollen. Analyses of pollen size, viability, and germination ability were checked under microscopic observation. GISH analysis confirmed that F1 intergenomic hybrids possess a set of chromosomes from both parents and showed an intermediate morphological phenotype. Twenty BC1 plants were generated by in vitro embryo rescue technique, and analyzed for genome composition by GISH. All plants were triploid, showing 12 from female parent (2× Oriental) and 24 from male (2× F1 hybrid). Based on the GISH analyses, 19 BC1 plants were derived from FDR 2n-gamete and only one plant was derived from IMR 2n-gamete of F1 hybrid. The genome composition of 19 BC1 plants from FDR 2n-gamete possess 12 Orientals + 12 L. auratum + 12 L. henryi chromosomes with some extent of homoeologous recombination between L. auratum and L. henryi. However, one plant from IMR 2n-gamete origin contains an odd number of parental chromosomes from F1 hybrid, showing 12 Oriental + 14 L. auratum + 10 L. henryi chromosomes. In this case, two L. auratum chromosomes recombinant with L. henryi chromosome segments were added and L. henryi counterpart chromosomes were deleted, respectively.

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