scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficiency of European Union farms: a risk-adjusted return approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
Alekneviciene Vilija ◽  
Stareviciute Birute ◽  
Alekneviciute Egle
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Member State ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Farm Efficiency ◽  
Sharpe Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of EU member-state farms using a risk-adjusted return approach and to determine the impact of subsidies on the efficiency of EU farms. Farm efficiency was analysed by the member-state and by the type of farming and was based on the calculation of Sharpe and Treynor ratios. Systemic risk was expressed by standard deviation in order to estimate the share of systemic risk in the total risk. The change in Sharpe ratios was assessed to determine the impact of subsidies on EU farm efficiency. The results of the risk-adjusted return analysis reveal that farms in the EU-15 were more efficient than farms in the EU-12 in 2004–2013, possibly due to being more experienced in risk management. Nevertheless, the EU-15 did not undertake a bigger share of systemic risk when compared to the EU-12 farms. The impact of financial support on the efficiency of the EU-12 farms was also not stronger when compared to the EU-15 farms.

15. The Europeanization of Member State Policy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Claudio M. Radaelli
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the impact of Europeanization upon the public policy functions of European Union member states. It first explains why Europeanization of policy is a hot topic before describing types of Europeanization and characteristic patterns of governance in the EU. It then discusses the dynamics of Europeanization, focusing on the processes involved and the effects produced, and relates these processes and effects to categories of policy in order to map the Europeanization of public policy. It also analyses research considerations with respect to Europeanization and concludes with an assessment of the EU enlargement process as well as suggestions for conducting empirical studies to investigate the EU’s impact on member states.

The Member States of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The Member States of the European Union combines a study of individual member states with an examination of the broader process of Europeanization. Examining both sides of this crucial relationship, this text provides a useful guide to EU member state relations. This third edition has been updated to summer 2019 and includes chapters on eight member states from different geographical regions and dates of accession. These are followed by seven thematic chapters on the Europeanization of structures, actors, and processes within the pre-Brexit EU 28. The Member States of the European Union helps understanding the influence of Member States in the EU but also the impact the EU has on the domestic institutions, politics, and policies of each member state.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT (NOT TAX) OF THE ECONOMY IN THE EU COUNTRIES DUE TO THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Anzhelika L. Gendon ◽  
◽  
Galina F. Golubeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Euro Pean ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Positive Factor ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the financial support (not tax) of the economy in the EU countries due to the pandemic. A comprehensive vision of the situation and strategic planning are the foundation of the Euro-pean Union's economic policy. These qualities help to develop comprehensive measures to stabilize the labor market and entrepreneurship in the countries of the European Union in the context of a global emergency. A positive factor is also the fact that in an epidemic situation, political decisions of various states are aimed at introducing socially oriented measures that support their citizens.

scholarly journals Can the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals be efficient? The challenge for achieving social equality in the European Union

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Stanickova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Economic crisis hit all the European Union Member States hard, with the impact of crisis varying considerably. The low growth performance in the EU has increased concerns regarding an increasing wage dispersion, income inequality at large, and social exclusion in line with poverty. Inequality should be seen as a cornerstone of both sustainable and inclusive growth under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Social inequality in the EU is a real problem, which hampers sustainable economic growth. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence and divergence trends between the EU Member States in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The study gives an outline of the issues of the labour market and income disparities and poverty. Policymakers must be clear about what social objectives they are aiming to achieve, therefore special attention is paid to headline national goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Methods: The main task of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the EU27 by applying Data Envelopment Analysis method, resp. time-series dynamic efficiency analysis in the form of output-oriented Malmquist Productivity Index. This study contains changes of key social equality indicators related to the Europe 2020 Strategy and compares objectives and general outlines of period 2010-2015, as well as the impact on national economics and living conditions. Findings & value added: Results contain elements of typology premises of the EU28 and point to a large diversity in inequality patterns, as the Author observes both increases and decreases in inequality at the EU level. Recent changes in social inequality have been associated with the business cycle, particularly with the accessibility of the labour market and, of course, with income inequality. Additionally, the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socioeconomic well-being of the EU and to avoid social disparities.

scholarly journals Polish “Entrepreneur” and EU “Undertaking”: Multilingualism and Differences in Legal Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Maciej Etel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Legal Identification ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union and its member-states’ involvement in the economic sphere, manifesting itself in establishing the rules of entrepreneurs’ functioning – their responsibilities and entitlements – requires a precise determination of the addressees of these standards. Proper identification of an entrepreneur is a condition of proper legislation, interpretation, application, control and execution of the law. In this context it is surprising that understanding the term entrepreneur in Polish law and in EU law is not the same, and divergences and differences in identification are fundamental. This fact formed the objective of this article. It is aimed at pointing at key differences in the identification of an entrepreneur between Polish and EU law, explaining the reasons for different concepts, and also the answer to the question: May Poland, as an EU member-state, identify the entrepreneur in a different way than the EU?

scholarly journals Russian-German initiative tackles infectious diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Member State ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Transnational cooperation is often essential when dealing with infectious diseases, and one challenge facing European Union Member States is finding ways to collaborate with partners outside the EU. An example of one Member State doing just this is the Koch-Metschnikow-Forum (KMF).

scholarly journals OIL AND NATURAL GAS TRADE BALANCE AND PRODUCTION EFFECTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3 (2017)) ◽  
pp. 261-283
Author(s):  
Evangelos Siskos ◽  
Konstantia Darvidou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Most European Union and Black Sea Economic Cooperation countries are net importers of petroleum and natural gas. Searching for new deposits and construction of new pipelines can improve energy security in the region. The problem is topical for Greece which has a developed refinery industry and needs to improve its trade balance to repay the accumulated external and public debt. Several new pipeline initiatives through Greece can support relations between the EU and BSEC countries. The paper provides previous research review about energy dependency and the effects of trade, production and transportation of hydrocarbons. Next we provide analysis of the effect of the trade on balance of payments in both the EU and BSeC countries. Import dependency of GDP on oil and natural gas is especially large in Malta, Georgia, Ukraine, Serbia and Latvia. On the other hand Russia and Azerbaijan are large net exporters of hydrocarbons. Then we analyse the impact of mining on labour market and refinery industry development. On average larger value added in mining leads to larger employment at least for males and middle age group of people. But the effect largely varies across countries and time periods. Together with construction of new pipelines growth of extraction can result in dozens of thousands of new jobs in Greece. There is a close link between value added in mining and compensation of employees in that industry. We have found evidence that the clustering effect between mining and manufacture of refined petroleum products and coke exists only in some EU countries.

scholarly journals Risk of hospitalization and risk of death for healthcare workers with COVID-19 in nine European Union/European Economic Area countries, January 2020–January 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ferland ◽  
Joana Gomes Dias ◽  
Carlos Carvalho ◽  
Cornelia Adlhoch ◽  
Carl Suetens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWe assessed the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCWs) from data on 2.9 million cases reported from nine countries in the EU/EEA. Compared to non-HCWs, HCWs had a higher adjusted risk of hospitalization (IRR 3.0 [95% CI 2.2-4.0]), but not death (IRR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-2.0).Article Summary LineHealthcare workers are hospitalized more frequently than non-healthcare workers when adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities.

scholarly journals Diversity of education systems in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-249
Author(s):  
Andrzej Żurawski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
General Education ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article explores Bruno Amable’s Diversity of Capitalism approach to analyze educational systems in the European Union (EU28). The main goal is to identify the main clusters of educational systems with regard to their institutional characteristics. Second goal of the analysis is to evaluate the impact of several EU policies and initiatives on the institutional structure of European educational systems. This article identified six clusters in terms of general education and five clusters in terms of higher education systems. The clustering shows, that – with some exceptions (notably the United Kingdom and Ireland) – European education systems have similar structure to other institutional areas, in particular, it confirms the existence of post-communist (in terms of Farkas) or patchwork (in terms of Rapacki et al.) capitalism. The article shows, as well, that subsystem of higher education is much less diverse, what may have a significance for future discussions on the capitalisms in the EU. Results suggests also that there exist significant differences in performance between the clusters, something that may have a crucial importance for an educational policy.

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