La Unión Europea en la serie ‘Parlement’ (2020). Entre la ficción y el realismo

The interest of this research resides in the analysis of the only fiction series dealing with the functioning of the European Union: the French- Belgian-German production Parlement (Émilie Noblet and Jérémie Sein, 2020). Through a qualitative methodology, it seeks to answer a threefold re- search objective: (1) to analyze the main characters and their characteristic elements; (2) to identify the space-time relationship and the political actions addressed in fiction in order to provide realism to its development through the scenarios and arguments presented; and (3) to detect the existence of parallelisms between the European Union in the social imagery and the one presented in the series according to the theory of social representations, the reality effect and the Eurobarometer surveys. The results reveal that Parle- ment works with stereotypes and social perceptions about the European Union through satire but manages to offer pedagogical elements in all its epi- sodes. In this way, it accomplishes becoming a popular catalyst to bring Euro- pean politics closer to citizens, by projecting a more human and lighthearted image.

Going transnational? Candidates' transnational linkages on Twitter during the 2019 European Parliament elections

How transnational are European Parliament (EP) campaigns? Building on research on the Euro-pean public sphere and the politicisation of the EU, this study investigates to what extent the 2019 EP campaign was transnational and which factors were associated with ‘going transna-tional’. It conceptualises Twitter linkages of EP candidates as constitutive elements of a transna-tional campaign arena distinguishing interactions with EP candidates from other countries (hori-zontal transnationalisation) and interactions with the supranational European party families and lead candidates (vertical transnationalisation). The analysis of tweets sent by EP candidates from all 28 member states reveals that most linkages remain national. Despite this evidence for the second-order logic, there are still relevant variations contingent on EU positions of parties, the adoption of the Spitzenkandidaten system and socialisation in the EP. The findings have impli-cations for debates on the European public sphere and institutional reform proposals such as transnational party lists that might mitigate the EU’s democratic deficit.

Genetic Risks and Demographic History of Indigenous Goats of Mongolia Revealed by SNP Genotyping

Recent climatic disasters (dzudzs) and uncontrolled massive breeding endangered valuable ge-netic resources of Mongolian goats labored by five thousand years of evolution in extremes of Al-tai mountains and Gobi deserts. Meanwhile, Mongolian goats has never been characterized by genomic data. We used Illumina Goat SNP50 to investigate phylogenic relationships and genetic risks in 5 local Mongolian populations: Erchim (N=37) from geographically remote Darkhat Valley in the northern mountains, Ulgii Red (N=35) and Dorgon (N=28) from the western mountain region, Buural (N=34) from the western steppe and mountain areas and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan (N=33) from semi-arid steppe area in the South Gobi region. ROH analyses, estimated populations sizes and Fst values showed South Gobi and Darkhat Valley goats to be of a high risk of inbreed-ing that however appear to be of distinct origin (artificial selection vs geographical isolation). In-dices of genetic differentiations between Mongolian goats were relatively low compared to Euro-pean breeds. Meanwhile, we suggest direct comparison is not fully appropriate given that Mongo-lian breeds were not subjected to intense selection. Darkhat Valley goats were clearly differentiat-ed from other Mongolian breeds according to various types of analyses. Phylogenetic relationships within XXX breeds of the rest of the world plotted Mongolian goats between some Russian (Altai, Orenburg) and Chinese populations (Nanjiang and Qinggeli). Thus, present study (i) highlights demographic history Mongolian goats and (ii)provides unified SNP-data called for support deci-sions in conservational genetics. Finally, our work (iii) raises a question of how exactly these data should be compared to make objective choices.

The principle of good governance: national and european judicial practice

The article reveals the content of the principle of good governance based on the analysis of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, international treaties, decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, as well as decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court.The author analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, which formulates the principle of good governance in its modern sense, and on the basis of this analysis determines its content and features. It has been established that the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights have established a consistent practice of understanding the principle of good governance, which includes five main components, a detailed analysis of each of which is based on specific examples. It was found that the principle of good governance is characterized by the dynamics of its development, which is manifested in the constant expansion of the content of this principle. It is argued that the permanent development of the principle of good governance has led to the formation of a new component of this principle - proportionality.The national case law in cases arising from public law disputes is described and the approach of courts to the application of the principle of good governance is clarified. It is substantiated that there is a well-established case law in social disputes, according to which one of the manifestations of the principle of good governance is that in the absence of an effective mechanism for guaranteeing social benefits provided by law, in full or no statutory expenditures for such benefits. should make it impossible to protect the property rights of a person guaranteed by Article 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Other aspects of the application of the principle of good governance in judicial practice have been clarified and analyzed. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is drawn about the importance of the principle of good governance in Euro-pean and national case law.

BepiColombo – Mercury Swing-Bys

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The BepiColombo spacecraft was launched on 20 October 2018 from the European spaceport in French Guyana and is currently on its way to Mercury. On its way, the spacecraft will swing-by Mercury six times in its stacked configuration, before releasing the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) and the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) in their corresponding orbits around the target planet.</p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Mercury is in many ways a very different planet from what we were expecting. On 20 October 2018 the BepiColombo spacecraft [1] started its 7 year journey to the innermost terrestrial planet to investigate on the fundamental questions about its evolution, composition, interior, magnetosphere, and exosphere.</p> <p>BepiColombo is a joint project between the Euro- pean Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aero- space Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Mission con- sists of two orbiters, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). From their dedicated orbits the two space- craft will be studying the planet and its environment.</p> <p>The mission has been named in honor of Giuseppe (Bepi) Colombo (1920–1984), who was a brilliant Italian mathematician, who made many significant contributions to planetary research and celestial mechanics.</p> <p>During the cruise phase, the spacecraft flies in a stacked configuration: the MMO and MPO are mounted ontop of the Mercury Transfer Module (MTM). As a consequence, most remote sensing instruments onboard the MPO are mounted towards the MTM and have a fully obstructed field-of-view. The MMO instrumentation is shielded by a protection shield (MOSIF) and several instruments still await the deployment on measurement booms.</p> <p>Despite the reduced instrument availability, scientific and engineering operations will be scheduled during the cruise phase, especially during the swing-bys.</p> <p><strong>Mercury Swing-bys</strong></p> <p>Following the Earth and two Venus swing-bys, six Mercury swing-bys are foreseen from October 2021 until 9 January 2025. The poster will discuss the flyby geometries and potential operation opportunities, in comparison with the three MESSENGER Mercury swing-bys from 2008 and 2009 [2][3].</p> <p><strong>References: </strong>[1] Benkhoff, J., et al. (2010) <em>Planet. Space Sci. </em>58, 2-20. [2] Baker, D.N. et al. (2011) Planet. Space Sci 59, 2066-2074. [3] McNutt, R.L. et al. (2010), Acta Astronautica V67, Iss 7-8, p 681-687</p>

Diego de Valera and his Treatise on Coats of Arms (15th century)

Monuments of heraldic reflection – heraldic treatises – are of particular value. Diego de Valera grew up among the Castilian nobility at the be-ginning of the 15th century, began a knightly «caree»" at the age of 15, and was elevated to the dignity of knighthood. He visited many Euro-pean countries, took part in tournaments. He is one of the most famous writers of the late Middle Ages, the author of a number of works on topics related to chivalry. «Treatise on Coats of Arms» (Tratado de las armas) (1458–1467) Valera follows the European traditions of heraldic treatises. Along with other theoretical texts on chivalry, it contains chapters on the origin of coats of arms, coat of arms cotta and banners. The presence of the heraldic part in the treatise is due to the participa-tion of the heraldic officials in the procedure of the duel. Valera's trea-tise makes up for the lack of heraldic material of the sources, which is available in relation to Castile of the 15th century. «Treatise on Coats of Arms» had a huge impact on all subsequent heraldic treatises on the Iberian Peninsula. Diego de Valera's treatise can be considered the founder of the era of the Castilian heraldic treatises, which determined their theme.

Od współpracy miast do współpracy akademickiej – przykład Państwowego Uniwersytetu im. Pawła Tyczyny w Humaniu i Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu (Instytut Kultury Europejskiej UAM)

The article describes various aspects of academic cooperation between two universities: the Pav- lo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University (Ukraine) and the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland), especially the AMU Institute of European Culture in Gniezno (formerly the Euro- pean College, Adam Mickiewicz University). The description of the scientific, cultural and teaching activities of both centers suggests a model of cooperation built on the basis of regular grassroots activity.

Обзор альтернативных типологий славянских языков

Тематика типологии славянских языков была многократно затронута в разнообразных исследованиях, начиная, по-видимому, со второй половины XIX века. Первой значительной попыткой можно считать негенетическую классификацию славянских языков, сделанную Иваном Александровичем Бодуэном де Куртенэ.1С тех пор, естественно, появились более новые работы, но нельзя ска- зать, что их было очень много. Поэтому цель настоящего краткого обзора – обратить внимание не столько на богатство теорий, а скорее на своеобраз- ность подходов к данной проблематике на разных уровнях изучения языка. Таким образом, целесообразно рассмотреть попытки фонологической, мор- фологической и синтаксической типологии славянских языков отдельно. Та- кое решение подтверждается и тем, что общей типологии, соблюдающей все названные уровни вместе, пока не существует.The typology of Slavic languages has been frequently dealt with in different publications since the late 19th century. In this paper, the author reviews some of the most significant attempts aimed at the phonological, morphological, and syntactic levels of this typological research. It appears that the phonological classification first elaborated by Baudouin de Courtenay has remained reliable to this day. In morphology, however, the only method for categorization seems to be the identification of certain grammatical markers. Syntactic ty- pology is still a young field of linguistics; nevertheless, there exist promising ventures in it, too. It is remarkable that the typological findings for the modern Slavic languages to a large extent coincide with the results of areal studies.Based on the information presented in the paper, the following implications can be made with reference to the typology of the specific linguistic levels in the Slavic languages. The most uniform level is that of phonological typology because in all the models presented here, a key role is played by two prosodic features: the opposition of long and short vowels, on the one hand, and the character of word stress, on the other. Thus, the pho- nological typology first elaborated by Baudouin de Courtenay has proved to be reliable up to the present. At least no competing theories in this field can be seen for the time being.As to morphological typology, it is not possible to identify features or criteria similar to the phonological models which could be applied for the differentiation of whatever mor- phological types. The Slavic languages, even Bulgarian and Macedonian, which have no nominal declension, have remained fusional (inflectional) languages, within which it is not easy to delineate further subtypes. So far, the only way of morphological categorization seems to be the identification and comparison of individual grammatical features of the different Slavic languages, as it is illustrated tentatively in Section 2.The syntactic typology of the Slavic languages is still a very young field of typologi- cal research. Therefore, it is impossible to arrive at any general conclusions on this matter (besides the ones mentioned in Section 3). The model offered by Haspelmath for the Euro- pean languages looks quite promising but it is necessary to work out further details and spe- cific methods so that it could be successfully applied specifically for the Slavic languages.One cannot fail to notice that the typological regularities specified by way of the mor- phological and syntactic observations in Sections 2 and 3, to a marked extent coincide with the facts of the areal (geographical) classification of the Slavic languages, as it was sharply noticed by Bogoroditsky, Janda, Tommola, and other researchers.

CO-DETERMINATION AND APPRENTICESHIP IN SME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON WORK COUNCILS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUALITY OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING

Relevance. Training systems which are based on the principle of apprenticeship and involve the company as a central venue are gaining in significance in international terms. The fundamental recognition here is, “Apprenticeships as one successful form of work-based learning ease the transition from education and training to work, and evidence suggests that countries with a strong VET and apprenticeship system have lower levels of youth unemployment” (Euro-pean Commission, year of publication not stated).Aim: the purpose of the article is to prove that the competitiveness of companies on the market crucially depends on their skilled workers.Methods: іn methodological terms, we based our study on an industrial sociology case study approach.Results: іn our study we showed that the stakeholders at the companies forming the object of our investigations are working towards quality. If the high quality requirements of training are also to be realised at a company level, crucial significance needs to be attached to the central players within the company. In our case, these are the works councils.Conclusions: іn our study, we have shown that “good training” can be equated with the terms of “vocational proficiency” and “matching”. This combination, which aims both to impart employability skills and to facilitate inte-gration into the company, provides the bedrock which enables skilled workers to act autonomously and independently. Works councils bring their influence to bear if they believe that these principles are in jeopardy. This makes an essential contribution to integrating apprentices into a company in respect of skills and socialisation.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT (NOT TAX) OF THE ECONOMY IN THE EU COUNTRIES DUE TO THE PANDEMIC

The article examines the financial support (not tax) of the economy in the EU countries due to the pandemic. A comprehensive vision of the situation and strategic planning are the foundation of the Euro-pean Union's economic policy. These qualities help to develop comprehensive measures to stabilize the labor market and entrepreneurship in the countries of the European Union in the context of a global emergency. A positive factor is also the fact that in an epidemic situation, political decisions of various states are aimed at introducing socially oriented measures that support their citizens.