scholarly journals Surgical model of osteoarthritis secondary to medial patellar luxation in dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alam ◽  
H.B. Lee ◽  
M.S. Kim ◽  
N.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Surgical Model ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

This study was performed to make a surgical model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the dog. Experimental medial patellar luxation (MPL) was surgically produced in the left stifle (index) of 24 skeletally mature mixed small breed dogs (age two to six years and weight 2.8 to 9 kg). The animals were randomly allocated in 2 groups; sham group (n = 12), where the right stifle was sham operated and control group (n = 12) with intact right stifle. Physical and radiographic examinations of both stifles were performed at 1.5 months intervals over a one-year experimental period. One dog was euthanatized every three months, and both stifles were explored, gross examination was performed and tissue samples from the articular cartilage, cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and synovium were collected for histomorphology. The clinical signs of OA were obvious in the experimental dogs by 12 weeks of surgical induction of MPL, which was also evidenced in the histopathology of the joint tissues and electron microscopy of the articular cartilage. The radiographic changes of OA were not obvious until remarkable degenerative changes became abvious six months postoperatively. Surgically induced MPL can be a successful tool for experimental induction of OA in dogs.

Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in an alpaca

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Girard ◽  
J. O’Riordan ◽  
N. Fitzpatrick ◽  
T. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Right

SummaryIn this report, a case of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture treated by tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), in a 36-month-old male breeding alpaca, is described. The alpaca was presented with the complaint of acute onset of right pelvic limb lameness. The findings of our clinical and radiographic examinations were consistent with CrCL insufficiency of the right stifle joint. The right tibial plateau angle measured prior to surgery was 19°. A TPLO was performed and this eliminated cranial tibial thrust. Culture of a swab taken from the surgical site prior to wound closure was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enrofloxacin was administered parenterally for two weeks postoperatively. There were not any clinical signs of infection noted. Outcome assessments included veterinary examination (two and six weeks) and owner assessment (28 months). At two weeks the animal walked with a grade 2/5 lameness, and at six weeks radiographic examination showed progression of bone healing at the site of tibial osteotomy. A return to full breeding fitness occurred by eight weeks after the surgery. The alpaca remained free from lameness 28 months later, according to the owner.

Selective iNOS-inhibition does not influence apoptosis in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligaments

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hofer ◽  
S. Forterre ◽  
A. Schweighauser ◽  
M. Krayer ◽  
M. Doherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Inos Inhibition

SummaryAbnormal patterns of cell death, including increased apoptosis, can influence homeostasis of ligaments and could be involved in the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Increased nitric oxide (NO) production has been implicated as a stimulus to increased apoptosis in articular cartilage. This study investigated apoptotic cell death in ruptured canine CCL (CCL group, n = 15), in ruptured CCL of dogs treated with oral L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL), a selective NO-synthetase(NOS)-inhibitor, (L-NIL group, n = 15) and compared the results with normal canine CCL (control group, n = 10).Orally administered L-NIL at a dosage of 25 mg/m2 of body surface area was effective in inhibiting NO production in the articular cartilage of dogs in the L-NIL group, but it did not significantly influence the increased quantity of apoptotic cells found in ruptured CCL specimens. The results of this study suggest that apoptosis of ligamentocytes in the canine CCL is not primarily influenced by increased NO production within the stifle joint.

scholarly journals Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Scores of the Canine Stifle Joint with Naturally Occurring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Agnello ◽  
Kei Hayashi ◽  
Dorothy Cimino Brown
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Meniscal Tear ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Medial Meniscal Tear ◽  
Severity Scores

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate frequency, location and severity of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease. Study Design Stifle arthroscopic video recordings (n = 120) were reviewed. A modified Outerbridge classification system (MOCS) (0–4) was used to score cartilage at 10 locations in the femorotibial (medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus) and patellofemoral compartments (proximal, middle and distal locations of the patella and femoral trochlear groove) of the stifle joint. Synovial pathology was scored and the presence of a medial meniscal tear was recorded. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate association of location and synovitis with cartilage score; and presence of meniscal tear with cartilage and synovitis scores. Bonferroni correction was utilized and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Cartilage pathology and synovitis were identified in all joints. Overall cartilage severity scores were low (median MOCS 1). The median MOCS of the proximal trochlear groove (2) was significantly higher than all other locations evaluated. Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with higher cartilage severity scores and a medial meniscal tear had no association with cartilage severity scores or synovitis. Conclusion Arthroscopic articular cartilage lesions are common in dogs with CCL disease at the time of surgical intervention, although the severity of cartilage damage is mild. The proximal trochlear groove of the femur had the most severe cartilage score in the stifle joint.

Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.-L. Austin-Busse ◽  
A. Ladinig ◽  
G. Balka ◽  
S. Zoels ◽  
M. Ritzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Lesions ◽  
Challenge Group

Summary Objective: In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Material and methods: Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. Results: All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopatho logic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. Conclusions: H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer’s disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.

Effect of functional lateral shift of the mandible on hyaluronic acid metabolism related to lubrication of temporomandibular joint in growing rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-663
Author(s):  
Xiyuan Guo ◽  
Ippei Watari ◽  
Yuhei Ikeda ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
Takashi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Lateral Shift ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Shift Group ◽  
Recovery Group

Summary Background Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major molecular component of the articular cartilage of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) influencing joint lubrication. Functional lateral shift of the mandible (FLSM) can lead to malocclusion. This study investigated the effects of FLSM on HA metabolism and lubrication of the TMJ in growing rats. Methods Thirty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into shift, recovery, and control groups. Rats in the shift and recovery groups were fitted with guiding plates to produce a 2-mm FLSM which were removed from the rats in the recovery group 14 days later. Animals were sacrificed at 14 and 28 days after the appliances were attached. Immunohistochemistry of HA-binding protein (HABP), hyaluronan synthase (HAS), and hyaluronoglucosaminidases (HYALs) was examined. Results The thickness of HABP-positively stained areas in the lateral regions in the bilateral condyle was reduced during the experimental period in the shift group compared with that in the control group. The proportion of HAS2-stained areas was bilaterally decreased in different regions of condylar cartilage during the experimental period in the shift group. The reduction of the HYAL2-stained area proportion in the condylar cartilage was more significant than that of HYAL1 at 14 days after appliance attachment in the shift group. HAS2 staining was not recovered in the recovery group. Limitations This research was based on animal experiments with a limited experimental period. Conclusion FLSM altered lubrication related HA metabolism in the articular cartilage of the TMJ in growing rats.

Stromelysin Activity in Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Sigrist ◽  
A. Busato ◽  
Brigitte von Rechenberg ◽  
P. Schawalder ◽  
D. Spreng
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryThe goal of our study was to compare values of stromelysin activity in stifle joint tissues, from dogs with osteoarthritis, secondary to naturally acquired cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture and from a control population.Twenty four dogs (CCL group) with osteoarthritis (OA), secondary to CCL rupture, were evaluated. The control groups consisted of 22 beagles (control #1) and 14 dogs (control #2) without CCL rupture. Articular cartilage, synovial membrane and CCL tissue specimens were harvested during operations in the CCL group and immediately following euthanasia in the control groups. The specimens were submitted for routine histology and for explant tissue cultures.Stromelysin activity was measured in the supernatant of explanted cultures. The results of stromelysin concentrations were reported as mean ± STD and compared to histological cartilage degeneration, synovial membrane inflammation and ligament changes. Stromelysin activity in cartilage explants of the CCL group (70 ± 82.5 U/g) was significantly higher when compared to the control #1 (4.2 ± 6.3 U/g) and control #2 (15 ±10 U/g) groups. The synovial membrane explant cultures of the CCL group produced less stromelysin compared to the control group. Whereas ligament cultures showed a tendency toward higher activity of stromelysin when compared to the control groups. An association between the severity of histological OA changes in the cartilage and stromelysin activity in cartilage explants was demonstrated. We conclude that dogs with OA, secondary to naturally acquired CCL rupture, release higher stromelysin levels in articular cartilage and cranial cruciate ligament explant cultures when compared to the controls. Our results indicate that stromelysin production in articular cartilage is related to the severity of OA.Stromelysin, one of the major metalloproteinases degrades articular cartilage mainly by cleavage of proteoglycans. Increased levels of stromelysin could be demonstrated in cartilage of stifle joints from dogs with naturally acquired cranial cruciate ligament rupture using a radioimmunoassay. There was an indication in this study that the activity of stromelysin is associated with the severity of osteoarthritic changes.Presented in part at the European College of Veterinary Surgeons Annual Scientific Meeting, Pörtschach-Austria, June 1998.

Histiocytic sarcoma of the stifle in a dog with cranial cruciate ligament failure and TPLO treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Simko ◽  
G. Harasen
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Chronic Synovitis ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Ligament Failure ◽  
The Right

SummaryA 10-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was admitted with chronic lameness of the right hind limb. A tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) had been performed on this leg approximately three years previously. A progressively growing soft tissue mass, affecting the right stifle, previously treated with TPLO was biopsied and found to be a histiocytic sarcoma. Previously proposed links between the development of neoplasia in the stifle region and the presence of chronic synovitis, osteotomy, orthopaedic implants, and specifically the Slocum TPLO plate, are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Arthroscopically Guided Proximal Tibial Epiphysiodesis Screw Placement as Treatment of a Bilateral Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injury in a Juvenile Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. e112-e118
Author(s):  
Mélanie Olive ◽  
Alexandre Caron ◽  
Alexandre Fournet ◽  
Maïa Vanel
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Golden Retriever ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis study aimed to describe surgical technique of arthroscopically guided proximal tibial epiphysiodesis screw placement in the treatment of a bilateral partial cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture in a 5.6-month-old Golden Retriever. A 19-kg, 5.6-month-old female Golden Retriever was diagnosed with bilateral partial CrCL rupture. Proximal tibial epiphysiodesis was performed bilaterally under arthroscopic guidance. Arthroscopic stifle joint inspection was performed bilaterally with a 2.7 mm arthroscope. A medial port at the level of the distal one-third of the patella was used as camera portal. A lateral instrument port was positioned at the level of the distal one-third of the patella. A 3.0 mm diameter headless cannulated self-compressive screw was placed into the centre of the tibial cranial intercondyloid area as parallel as possible to the tibial shaft axis under arthroscopic control. Screw head was buried. Arthroscopic guidance allowed good accuracy in screw placement, specifically in its insertion point. However, the screw orientation was less satisfactory. The tibial plateau angle progressively decreased in both stifles to achieve 15 degrees on the left and 16 degrees on the right at the last follow-up. A varus deformity developed on both stifles. No clinical consequences were observed. Recurrence of right pelvic lameness occurred 1 year postoperatively because of a medial meniscal lesion, which necessitated partial caudal meniscectomy. Arthroscopically guided proximal tibial epiphysiodesis is technically feasible and is a minimally invasive treatment of CrCL injury in a juvenile dog.

Early Alterations of Subchondral Bone in the Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model of Osteoarthritis

Cartilage ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 194760351987847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Aizah ◽  
Pan Pan Chong ◽  
Tunku Kamarul
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Cartilage Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objective Advances in research have shown that the subchondral bone plays an important role in the propagation of cartilage loss and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), but whether the subchondral bone changes precede or lead to articular cartilage loss remains debatable. In order to elucidate the subchondral bone and cartilage changes that occur in early OA, an experiment using anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced posttraumatic OA model of the rat knee was conducted. Design Forty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: the ACLT group and the nonoperated control group. Surgery was conducted on the ACLT group, and subsequently rats from both groups were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postsurgery. Subchondral bone was evaluated using a high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanner, while cartilage was histologically evaluated and scored. Results A significant reduction in the subchondral trabecular bone thickness and spacing was found as early as 1 week postsurgery in ACLT rats compared with the nonoperated control. This was subsequently followed by a reduction in bone mineral density and bone fractional volume at week 2, and finally a decrease in the trabecular number at week 3. These changes occurred together with cartilage degeneration as reflected by an increasing Mankin score over all 3 weeks. Conclusions Significant changes in subchondral bone occur very early in OA concurrent with surface articular cartilage degenerative change suggest that factors affecting bone remodeling and resorption together with cartilage matrix degradation occur very early in the disease.

Outcome after Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Modified Maquet Procedure in Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Julia Knebel ◽  
Daniela Eberle ◽  
Stephanie Steigmeier-Raith ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and modified Maquet procedure (MMP) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs using clinical and radiographic evaluation and treadmill-based force plate gait analysis. Study Design This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Materials and Methods Sixty-one dogs (76 joints) with CCLR were treated with TPLO (n = 30 dogs, 41 joints) or MMP (n = 31 dogs, 35 joints) and compared with a control group of 16 healthy Labrador Retrievers. Outcomes after surgery were compared by clinical orthopaedic assessment, radiographic evaluation and force plate gait analysis performed preoperatively, and then at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. For objective comparison of ground reaction forces, the data were compared with the control group. Major complications were reported. Results A significant improvement in ground reaction forces was reached in all surgically treated dogs. No significant difference was found between the surgical methods at any postoperative re-examination. With regard to peak vertical force (PVF), there were significantly more patients with TPLO within the reference range of healthy dogs at the 3 months re-examination than dogs with MMP. There was no significant difference in mean value comparisons between TPLO and control groups 6 months postoperatively. Compared with the control group, mean values of 93.9% (PVF) and 85.9% (vertical impulse [VI]) were reached by the TPLO group and 89.4% (PVF) and 79.9% (VI) by the MMP group, 6 months postoperatively.No significant differences were found regarding major complications or progression of osteoarthritis. Conclusions Although no significant differences were found between the surgical methods, TPLO patients showed superiority with regard to clinical outcome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document