scholarly journals Effect of temperature and moisture on O2 evolution rate of cultivated Phaeozem: analyses of a long-term field experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.O. Lopes de Gerenyu ◽  
I.N. Kurganova ◽  
L.N. Rozanova ◽  
V.N. Kudeyarov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Evolution Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Exponential Equations

Soil temperature and moisture are the main ecological factors regulating the processes of production and emission of CO<sub>2</sub> from soil surface. The CO<sub>2</sub> evolution rate from cultivated clay Phaeozem (Russia, Moscow region; 54&deg;50&rsquo;N, 37&deg;35&rsquo;E) were studied under field conditions from November 1997 to October 2002. The daily mean CO<sub>2</sub> evolution rate varied widely &ndash; from 0.9 to 246 mg C/m<sup>2</sup>/h. The total annual CO<sub>2</sub> flux from cultivated Phaeozem averaged 352&nbsp;&plusmn; 148 g C/m<sup>2</sup>/yr, the interannual variability amounted to 42%. We found significant linear trends (R = 0.46&ndash;0.55, P&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) reflecting the relationship between CO<sub>2</sub> emission and soil temperature through the whole observation period and during spring and autumn seasons as well. The exponential equations described these relationships for the same periods more adequately than the simple linear equations (R = 0.62&ndash;0.68, P &lt; 0.01). The temperature coefficient&nbsp;Q<sub>10</sub> comprised 2.3 (for the whole data set) and was essentially higher 3.2&ndash;3.6 during the spring and autumn. The correlation between CO<sub>2</sub> evolution rate and soil moisture was insignificant for the whole period, winter, spring and autumn seasons as well. During the summer, correlation between CO<sub>2</sub> evolution rate and soil moisture was positive and very close (R = 0.74, P &lt; 0.001), indicating that the soil moisture content was a main factor limitative the rate of CO<sub>2</sub> emission from soil for this period.

scholarly journals Edaphic microclimate and its influence on soil respiration of mezohemerobic ecosystem in the Upper Dniester Basin

2014 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
T. Partyka ◽  
T. Bedernichek ◽  
Z. Hamkalo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture

The values of the field and hygroscopic moisture, soil temperature under different scenarios of forest and land use have been characterized. The effect of temperature increase on CO2 emission from the soil surface has been investigated. Key words: edaphic climate, CO2 emissions, soil temperature, soil moisture.

scholarly journals Insights Into Fire-based Soil Temperature and Moisture Changes From a Long-term Data Set in Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Manies ◽  
Jennifer Harden ◽  
William Cable ◽  
Jamie Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

scholarly journals Specifics of soil temperature under winter wheat canopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Krčmáŕová ◽  
Hana Stredová ◽  
Radovan Pokorný ◽  
Tomáš Stdŕeda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of soil temperature under the winter wheat canopy and to determine relationships between soil temperature, air temperature and partly soil moisture. In addition, the aim was to describe the dependence by means of regression equations usable for phytopathological prediction models, crop development, and yield models. The measurement of soil temperatures was performed at the experimental field station ˇZabˇcice (Europe, the Czech Republic, South Moravia). The soil in the first experimental plot is Gleyic Fluvisol with 49-58% of the content particles measuring < 0.01 mm, in the second experimental plot, the soil is Haplic Chernozem with 31-32% of the content particles measuring < 0.01 mm. The course of soil temperature and its specifics were determined under winter wheat canopy during the main growth season in the course of three years. Automatic soil temperature sensors were positioned at three depths (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m under soil surface), air temperature sensor in 0.05 m above soil surface. Results of the correlation analysis showed that the best interrelationships between these two variables were achieved after a 3-hour delay for the soil temperature at 0.05 m, 5-hour delay for 0.10 m, and 8-hour delay for 0.20 m. After the time correction, the determination coefficient reached values from 0.75 to 0.89 for the depth of 0.05 m, 0.61 to 0.82 for the depth of 0.10 m, and 0.33 to 0.70 for the depth of 0.20 m. When using multiple regression with quadratic spacing (modeling hourly soil temperature based on the hourly near surface air temperature and hourly soil moisture in the 0.10-0.40 m profile), the difference between the measured and the model soil temperatures at 0.05 m was −2.16 to 2.37 ◦ C. The regression equation paired with alternative agrometeorological instruments enables relatively accurate modeling of soil temperatures (R2 = 0.93).

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariani Sembiring ◽  
HIDAYATULAH MUNAWAROH ◽  
MUKHLIS MUKHLIS ◽  
BENNY HIDAYAT ◽  
TENGKU SABRINA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Hand Sorting

Abstract. Sembiring M, Munawaroh H, Mukhlis, Hidayat B, Sabrina T. 2021. Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3024-3030. The eruption of Mount Sinabung resulted in volcanic ash covering the soil of various thicknesses. That will affect the population and diversity of macrofauna in it. This research aimed to determine the Andisol soil macrofauna in Karo District with various thicknesses of volcanic ash covering from Mount Sinabung. This research was conducted in May 2019. Plots were placed in four locations, Location I: processed land (0 cm), Location II: Land covered by thin ash (?2 cm), Location III: Land covered by medium ash (2-5 cm), Location IV: Land covered by thick ash (?5 cm). Sampling was conducted by using the Pitfall trap, Monolith squared, and Hand sorting methods. The research results indicated that the thicker the volcanic ash covering the soil surface, it would reduce soil moisture, soil water content, organic C, and soil pH, but on the other hand, increase the soil temperature. A total of 20 species were able to live on the Andisols affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung.

scholarly journals High Soil Moisture and Low Soil Temperature Are Associated with Chlorosis Occurrence in Concord Grape

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan R. Davenport ◽  
Robert G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Concord Grape

Leaf yellowing (chlorosis) is not unique to Concord grape, yet occurs with great intensity in the arid, irrigated central Washington state growing region. Past research on nutrients has not shown a clear cause and effect relationship between soil and/or plant nutrient status and chlorosis. We investigated both nutritional and climatic conditions for their association with chlorosis occurrence. Six vineyard sites were selected, 2 each with no history of chlorosis (achlorotic), occasional chlorosis, and annually reoccuring chlorosis (chronically chlorotic) and monitoring sites in chlorotic and achlorotic areas were established. Nutrient elements K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu plus the nonnutrient elements Na and Al were monitored in soil (surface, 0 to 30 cm, and subsurface, 30 to 75 cm, depths) and leaf tissue (both petioles and blades) prebud burst (soil only), at bloom, and preveraison at 650 degree days at all vineyard sites for the 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 growing seasons. In addition, both soil temperature and moisture were monitored. To evaluate the intensity of chlorosis at each site, chlorotic vines were GPS marked and mapped post-bloom each year. Overall, chlorosis incidence was more widespread in 2001 and 2003 than in 2002 or 2004. There were few relationships with soil or tissue nutrient concentrations. However, soil moisture was consistently higher and soil temperature lower in the period between bud burst and bloom in the chlorotic sites. This suggests that a cold, wet soil environment prior to bloom impedes grape root growth and/or function and triggers plant chlorosis. Yearly differences strongly support this finding.

Effects of some abiotic factors on the exit of poppy root weevils (Ethelcus denticulatus Schrank) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from overwintering area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Islamoðlu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Root Weevils ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Overwintering Area

With this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of some abiotic factors on the exit of poppy root weevils (Ethelcus denticulatus Schrank) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from their overwintering area. Poppy root weevils is the most important harmful pest of poppy fields (Papaver somniferum L.) (Rhoedales; Papaveraceae). According to the findings, the first adults were seen on the soil on March 10, 2014. It has been observed that as the temperature of the air increases, the number of adults on the soil surface also increases. Thus, it was determined that the number of adults in square meters reached the highest level on April 21, 2014. After this date, it was determined that the number of wintering adults decreased gradually. While the first insect on the surface of the field was caught on March 09, 2015 in the second year. It was determined that the number of highest poppy root weevils caught on the soil surface and in the traps was on April 13, 2015. After this date, it was determined that both the trapped insects and their numbers in m2 decreased. There were significant (P£0.05) correlations between the poppy root weevil exit from their overwintering area and soil temperature (r=0.648, r2=0.461, n=84 P=0.000) and temperature (r=0.59, r2=0.277, n=84, P=0.004) whereas there was no significant correlation between it and soil moisture (r=0.310, r2=0.021, n=84, P=0.466), humidity (r=0.32, r2=0.108, n=84, P=0.87) and rain (r=0.38, r2=0.101, n=84, P=0.73).

CONVERSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTANCE READINGS TO SATURATED PASTE EXTRACT VALUES IN SOILS FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE, TEXTURE, AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. McKENZIE ◽  
W. CHOMISTEK ◽  
N. F. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Linear equations were developed for converting electromagnetic induction readings (ECa) from EM38 meters to saturated paste electrical conductivity values (ECc). To correlate EM38 readings with measured ECe values, field sites representing a range of salinity conditions were sampled in 0.30-m increments to a depth of 1.5 m. Adapting a weighting procedure based on the EM38 meter's response to depth, ECe values were condensed into a single weighted value. The weighted ECe values were linearly correlated with temperature-corrected ECa readings. Equations were designed for soils of various textures under varying temperature and moisture conditions. For accurate ECa to ECe conversions, soil temperature correction of ECa is essential. When a frozen layer is present, EM38 readings are unreliable. EM38 horizontal and vertical modes show different ECa readings for the same depth-weighted ECe. Variability of ECa to ECe conversion was greater on coarse-textured than medium- or fine-textured soils. Available soil moisture should be above 30% for accurate ECe determinations from ECa readings. Key words: Salinity methods, soil salinity, saturated paste extract method, electromagnetic inductance meters, soil temperature

scholarly journals Long-term growth trends in northern Wisconsin walleye populations under changing biotic and abiotic conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Pedersen ◽  
Daisuke Goto ◽  
Jereme W. Gaeta ◽  
Gretchen J.A. Hansen ◽  
Greg G. Sass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Over Time

Walleye (Sander vitreus) populations are declining in Wisconsin and neighboring regions, motivating broader interest in walleye biology amidst ecological change. In fishes, growth integrates variation in ecological drivers and provides a signal of changing ecological conditions. We used a 23-year data set of length-at-age from 353 walleye populations across Wisconsin to test whether walleye growth rates changed over time and what ecological factors best predicted these changes. Using hierarchical models, we tested whether spatiotemporal variation in walleye growth was related to adult walleye density (density-dependent effects), water temperature, and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) catch per unit effort (CPUE; predator or competitor effects). The average length of young walleye increased over time, and as a result, time to reach harvestable size declined significantly. In contrast, average lengths of older walleye have remained relatively constant over time. Juvenile walleye length-at-age was positively correlated with largemouth bass CPUE and surface water temperatures, but negatively correlated with adult walleye density. Our finding of widespread and long-term changes in walleye growth rates provides additional insights into how inland fisheries are responding to environmental change.

Empirical modelling of plant and soil carbon flux drivers under field conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris McCloskey ◽  
Guy Kirk ◽  
Wilfred Otten ◽  
Eric Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Gas Flux ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Plant Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

&lt;p&gt;Our understanding of soil carbon (C) dynamics is limited; field measurements necessarily conflate fluxes from plant and soil sources and we therefore lack long-term field-scale data on soil C fluxes to use to test and improve soil C models. Furthermore, it is often unclear whether findings from lab-based studies, such as the presence of rhizosphere priming, apply to soil systems in the field. It is particularly important that we are able to understand the roles of soil temperature and moisture, and plant C inputs, as drivers of soil C dynamics in order to predict how changing climate and plant productivity may affect the net C balance of soils. We have developed a field laboratory with which to generate much-needed long-term C flux data under field conditions, giving near-continuous measurements of plant and soil C fluxes and their drivers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The laboratory contains 24 0.8-m diameter, 1-m deep, naturally-structured soil monoliths of two contrasting C3 soils (a clay-loam and a sandy soil) in lysimeters. These are sown with a C4 grass (&lt;em&gt;Bouteloua dactyloides&lt;/em&gt;), providing a large difference in C isotope signature between C4 plant respiration and C3-origin soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, which enables clear partitioning of the net C flux. This species is used as a pasture grass in the United States, and regular trimming through the growing season simulates low-intensity grazing. The soil monoliths are fitted with gas flux chambers and connected via an automated sampling loop to a cavity ring-down spectrometer, which measures the concentration and &lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;C:&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C isotopic ratio of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during flux chamber closure. Depth-resolved measurements of soil temperature and moisture in each monolith are made near-continuously, along with measurements of incoming solar radiation, rainfall, and air temperature a the field site. The gas flux chambers are fitted with removable reflective backout covers allowing flux measurements both incorporating, and in the absence of, photosynthesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have collected net ecosystem respiration data, measurements of photosynthesis, and recorded potential drivers of respiration over two growing seasons through 2018 and 2019. Through partitioning fluxes between plant respiration and SOM mineralisation we have revealed clear diurnal trends in both plant and soil C fluxes, along with overarching seasonal trends which modify both the magnitude of fluxes and their diurnal patterns. Rates of photosynthesis have been interpolated between measurement periods using machine learning to generate a predictive model, which has allowed us to investigate the effect of plant productivity on SOM mineralisation and assess whether rhizosphere priming can be detected in our system. Through regression analyses and linear mixed effects modelling we have evaluated the roles of soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil N content as drivers of variation in plant and soil respiration in our two contrasting soils. This has shown soil temperature to be the most important control on SOM mineralisation, with soil moisture content playing only a minor role. We have also used our empirical models to suggest how the carbon balance of pasture and grassland soils may respond to warming temperatures.&lt;/p&gt;

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