Components’ Characterization of End-of-Life Dishwashers

The treatment of Wastes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a significant source of secondary raw materials. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals, electronic equipment, and plastics are among these materials. One of the most common metals sourced out of WEEE is stainless steel. Dishwashers are common sources of stainless steel, so large amounts of stainless steel can be recovered from them. In this project, dishwashers were submitted to size reduction via shredding, and the shredded products went through a magnetic separator (which separates all the magnetic ferrous components), an eddy current sensor (which separates all the non-ferrous components) and an induction sorting sensor (which removed all the metallic fractions). This procedure led to the following two streams: one with stainless steel, boards, and cables and another stream mainly including plastic. In the next stage, the stainless-steel stream passed through a high-intensity magnetic separator, leading to a magnetic and a non-magnetic stream. Thereafter, hand sorting was applied to both streams which aimed to increase the recovery from each stream.

HUBUNGAN POPULASI CACING TANAH TERHADAP C-ORGANIK DAN N-TOTAL DI LAHAN BUDIDAYA HORTIKULTURA DAN MONOKLUTUR TANAMAN KOPI DI DESA NDUARIA KECAMATAN KELIMUTU

This study aims to determine the relationship between Earthworm Population and C-organic and N-total in Horticulture and Coffee Monoculture cultivation in Nduaria Village, Kelimutu District. This research was conducted using an exploratory method that is carried out by direct observation from the observation location. How to calculate earthworms using the hand sorting method. The method commonly used for the determination of C-organic is the Walkley and Black method, while the method used for the determination of N-total is the Kjehdahl method. This method is used because it is considered simple, fast, easy to do, and requires little equipment. The results of this study indicate that in horticultural land there is no earthworm population found at all depths. Earthworm populations were found at all depths in the coffee plantation monoculture, the highest population was at a depth of 0-10 cm as many as 41 m2, Biomass was 9 g, and Biomass vs Population 0.21 m2. In horticultural fields, the highest c-organic and n-total is at a depth of 0-10 cm, the c-organic value is 3.03% (high criteria) and n-total is 0.47% (medium criteria). The close relationship between the earthworm population, biomass, and biomass versus population was positively correlated with c-organic and n-total in horticultural land and coffee monoculture.

Identification of Secondary Metabolites and Proximate Analysis of Golden Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata L.) Meat Extract

The growth of golden apple snails is very rapid and causes losses of paddy production. Therefore snails are also called pest, especially agricultural pest. Control of golden apple snails can be done by physical hand sorting and then processed into animal feed. Based on research golden apple snails proven have good nutritional content. Efforts to use golden apples nails pets become useful things such as animal feed is a sustainable conservation. Therefore, this study aims to carry out secondary metabolites identification, proximate testing, and antioxidant content of golden apple snails as an initial reference for the basic ingredients of animal feed manufacturing. The method use is hand sorting of golden apple snails at the research location, then brought to the laboratory to carry out the process of secondary metabolites identification, proximate testing, and antioxidant analysis. The results showed a golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata L.) extract containing active compunds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols, steroids, and glycoside. Proximate analysis showed that golden apple snails extract had a high protein content of 40,83% compared to carbohydrates and fats. These findings suggested that golden apple snailsmeat extract has the potential to be further utilized as an alternative feed for Pangasius sp.Keywords: golden apple snails. Pangasius sp., proximate testing, secondary metabolites.

Kepadatan populasi POPULATION DENSITY OF EARTHWORMS IN A RUBBER PLANTATION IN THE SOUTHERN SECURAI VILLAGE, BATANG REJO SUB-VILLAGE, LANGKAT DISTRICT

Cacing tanah merupakan salah satu kelompok dari makrofauna yang memainkan peranan penting diberbagai proses fisika, kimia ataupun biologi tanah. Keberadaan cacing tanah menjadi salah satu indikator dari keseburuan suatu tanah, karena melalui aktivitas dari cacing tanah tersebut dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik maupun kimia tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi cacing tanah(Lumbricus terrestris) dalam dua perlakuan, yang pertama yaitu pada jenis tanah organik dan jenis tanah non organik di perkebunan karet. Pengambilan sampel cacing tanah dengan metode hand sorting, dengan jumlah plot untuk pengambilan sampel yaitu 10 plot dengan ukuran 1x1m. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah kepadatan populasi cacing tanah(Lumbricus terrestris) 13,00 individu/m2, yang dimana kepadatan populasi pada stasiun I (tanah organik) lebih tinggi yaitu 7,8 individu/m2 dibandingkan dengan stasiun II (tanah non organik) hanya memperoleh 5,8 individu/m2.

Keanekaragaman Arthhopoda pada lahan pertanian kacang di Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Keberhasilan budi daya tanaman kacang-kacangan dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan Arthropoda yang berperan sebagai polinator, dekomposer, parasitoid, dan bioindikator. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan keanekaragaman Arthropoda pada lahan pertanian kacang-kacangan di Kabupaten Kupang. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif yang telah dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi, yaitu lahan kacang tanah, lahan kacang panjang, dan lahan kacang hijau. Pengambilan sampel Arthropoda menggunakan pitfall trap, insect net, dan hand sorting. Hasil penelitian ditemukan keanekaragaman Arthropoda yang bervariasi di tiga lahan pertanian kacang. Pada lahan pertanian kacang tanah ditemukan 31 spesies, 15 famili, 9 ordo, 2 kelas, dengan total individu 115. Pada lahan pertanian kacang panjang ditemukan 17 spesies, 11 famili, 7 ordo, 2 kelas, dengan total individu 53. Pada lahan pertanian kacang hijau ditemukan 30 spesies, 20 famili, 9 ordo, 3 kelas, dengan total individu 108. Indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi terdapat pada lahan pertanian kacang hijau sebesar 3.19, diikuti lahan kacang tanah sebesar 2.83, dan lahan kacang panjang sebesar 2.43. Nilai indeks kekayaan jenis tertinggi terdapat pada lahan kacang tanah sebesar 6.32 diikuti lahan kacang hijau sebesar 6.19, dan terendah lahan kacang panjang sebesar 4.03. Tidak ada jenis Arthropoda yang mendominasi di ketiga lahan pertanian kacang dengan kemerataan jenis tergolong merata penyebarannya. Kesamaan Jaccard antar habitat kacang menunjukkan nilai lebih kecil dari 50%, artinya tingkat kesamaan famili Arthropoda yang ditemukan di ketiga habitat kacang tergolong rendah.Tingkat kesamaan yang rendah dapat disebabkan oleh aplikasi pestisida khususnya pada lahan kacang panjang dan kacang hijau. Selanjutnya, faktor abiotik memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda.

Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia

Sembiring M, Munawaroh H, Mukhlis, Hidayat B, Sabrina T. 2021. Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3024-3030. The eruption of Mount Sinabung resulted in volcanic ash covering the soil of various thicknesses. That will affect the population and diversity of macrofauna in it. This research aimed to determine the Andisol soil macrofauna in Karo District with various thicknesses of volcanic ash covering from Mount Sinabung. This research was conducted in May 2019. Plots were placed in four locations, Location I: processed land (0 cm), Location II: Land covered by thin ash (?2 cm), Location III: Land covered by medium ash (2-5 cm), Location IV: Land covered by thick ash (?5 cm). Sampling was conducted by using the Pitfall trap, Monolith squared, and Hand sorting methods. The research results indicated that the thicker the volcanic ash covering the soil surface, it would reduce soil moisture, soil water content, organic C, and soil pH, but on the other hand, increase the soil temperature. A total of 20 species were able to live on the Andisols affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung.

Keanekaragaman Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Beberapa Tegakan di Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Jambi

Biodiversity can act as an indicator of the ecological system and as a medium for knowing species changes. Insects are living things in a world that has a high species diversity. One insect that has a functional role in the ecosystem is ants. The purpose of this study was to calculate and analyze diversity of the types of ants in four types of ecosystems and analyze the effect of habitat characteristics on the abundance of ants. Ant sampling using the hand sorting method was taken from the soil and litter parts in four ecosystems, namely secondary forest, ulin stands, oil palm plantations, and rubber stands in Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Forest Park Batanghari District, Jambi Province. The results showed a total of 940 ants were obtained, from 296 individuals in Secondary Forest, 198 individuals in oil palm plantations, 307 individuals in ulin stand, 139 individuals in rubber stand. Ants are more commonly found in parts of the soil than litter. The highest ant diversity in the soil and litter is found in secondary forest. Environmental factors that influence the presence of ants in each ecosystem are soil temperature and thickness of litter. Keywords: ants, biodiversity, ecosystems, hand sorting, tahura.

Makrofauna Tanah Di Lahan Hortikultura Desa Losari Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang

Abstrak: Makrofauna tanah merupakan bagian dari biodiversitas tanah yang memiliki peran penting dalam perbaikan sifat fisik, kimiawi, dan biologi tanah melalui proses imobilisasi dan humifikasi. Desa Losari merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan sumowono Kabupaten semarang yang terletak di kaki Gunung Ungaran sehingga keadaannya masih asri dan alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan Juli 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat keanekaragaman jenis makrofauna tanah yang ada di kawasan lahan pertanian Desa Losari dengan tanaman yang berbeda. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu Pit fall trap dan Hand sorting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman jenis di lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah. Total makrofauna tanah yang tercatat di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 37 jenis yang terdiri dari 3 filum. Lahan pertanian tanaman kubis (stasiun I) memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya dengan nilai H' = 1,064. Filum dengan jumlah terbanyak di lokasi penelitian adalah filum Arthropoda sebanyak 33 jenis dari 98 total jenis makrofauna tanah yang telah ditemukan.Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah; hortikultura; pit fall trap; hand sorting.Abstract: Soil macrofauna is part of soil biodiversity which has an important role in improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil through immobilization and humification processes. Losari Village is one of the villages in Sumowono District, Semarang Regency, which is located at the foot of Mount Ungaran so that the condition is still beautiful and natural. This research was conducted in July 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species in the agricultural area of Losari Village with different plants. Data were collected by two methods, namely Pit fall trap and Hand sorting. The results showed that the level of species diversity in the study location was low. The total soil macrofauna recorded at the research location were 37 species consisting of 3 phyla. Cabbage farming land (station I) has the highest level of diversity compared to other stations with a value of H' = 1.064. The phylum with the highest number in the research location was Arthropoda phylum with 33 of the 98 total soil macrofauna species that had been found.Keywords: soil macrofauna diversity; horticulture; pit fall trap; hand sorting.

Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Teak (Tectona grandis) and Kimpul (Xanthosoma sangittifolium) Agroforestry

Soil macrofauna has an important role in the ecosystems and soil fertility. Agroforestry patterns have environmental benefits such as providing living space for biodiversity including soil macrofauna. This study aims to measure the influence of teak and kimpul agroforestry on the diversity of soil macrofauna. The study was conducted on teak and kimpul agroforestry demonstration plots in the KPH Yogyakarta in January 2019. The research method used was monolith and hand sorting techniques and the analysis was carried out descriptively using the species diversity index approach. The results showed that teak and kimpul agroforestry patterns did not affect on the diversity of species and density of soil macrofauna. The level of diversity of soil macrofauna in teak and kimpul agroforestry, teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture are low. The value of soil macrofauna diversity in teak and kimpul agroforests is higher than teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture. A total of five types of soil macrofauna were found in 12-year teak agroforestry, six types in 42-year teak agroforestry, five types in 12-year teak monoculture, eight types in 42-year teak monoculture and five types in kimpul monoculture. The dominant soil macrofauna are Microtermes sp. and Anomala sp.