scholarly journals Transmission of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus in Chickpea by the leafhopper Orosius albicinctus (Distant) in Pakistan – Short communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Akhtar ◽  
M. Ahmad ◽  
T.M. Shah ◽  
B.M. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Orosius Albicinctus ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
Das Elisa

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastervirus, family Geminiviridae) is the most common viral disease of chickpea in Pakistan. Two aphid [Aphis craccivora Koch, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)], two leafhopper [Empoasca devastans Distant, Orosius albicinctus (Distant)] species and an unidentified brown leafhopper were collected in a chickpea field by hand and sweep nets for transmission studies of CpCDV. Transmission results showed that only the leafhopper O. albicinctus successfully transmitted the CpCDV from diseased to healthy chickpea plants. The presence of CpCDV in inoculated plants and the vector O. albicinctus were confirmed by DAS-ELISA test using specific polyclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of Pepper mild mottle virus in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milosevic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

During 2009 and 2010, a survey was conducted in pepper crops to detect the possible presence of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in Serbia. A total of 239 pepper samples from 39 crops at 26 localities were collected and analyzed for the presence of PMMoV, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), using DAS-ELISA test. Although it was detected in a small percentage, PMMoV could pose a threat to pepper production in Serbia due to its rapid seed-borne spread. Presence of PMMoV was confirmed by serological and biological detection, followed by conventional reverse transcription RT-PCR, using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the coat protein (CP) genes. Molecular identification confirmed that the Serbian isolates belong to PMMoV pathotypes P1,2 which do not break the resistance gene L3. Reconstructed phylogenetic tree confirmed the allocation of the Serbian isolates together with the majority of PMMoV isolates which belong to pathotypes P1,2. This study represents the first serological and molecular characterization of PMMoV infection of pepper in Serbia, and provides important data on the population structure. The obtained data could have great influence on pepper production in Serbia as well as future pepper resistance breeding in the country.

scholarly journals Sanitary Status of the Grapevine Germplasm Collection in Republic of Srpska

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Duška Delić ◽  
Biljana Lolić ◽  
Gordana Đurić ◽  
Tatjana Jovanović-Cvetković
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Infected Grapevine ◽  
Rflp Assay ◽  
Das Elisa

In July 2015, 179 grapevine plants belonging to 16 grapevine autochthonous cultivars were assessed for sanitary status using DAS ELISA test for the presence of: Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2)and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). Furthermore, surveyfor the phytoplasma presence and laboratory analyses using nested-PCR/RFLP assay was conducted at the beginning of September 2015 on grapevine cultivars which were not positive in DAS ELISA test for the presence of the four viruses. Out of 179 tested plants with DAS ELISA test, 146 (81%) were positive for the presence of at least one virus. The most widespread viruses were GFLaV- 1 and GFLaV- 3 with approximately 80 % of grapevines infected. Nested–PCR/RFLP assay showed that out of 33 tested samples 2 were positive for the presence of phytoplasmas from 16SrXII group. Sanitation of infected grapevine cultivars is needed in near future.

scholarly journals First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus Infecting Grapevine in Hungary

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1582-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mavrič Pleško ◽  
M. Viršček Marn ◽  
K. Nyerges ◽  
J. Lázár
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
First Report ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Das Elisa

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is the sole member of genus Idaeovirus and naturally infects Rubus species worldwide. It can be experimentally transmitted to many dicotyledonous plant species from different families. In Slovenia it has been reported to naturally infect grapevine, the first known non-Rubus natural host (3). However, RBDV from red raspberry and grapevine were found to be different in biological, serological, and molecular characteristics (4). From 2007 to 2010, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards were sampled in different parts of Hungary and tested for RBDV infection by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial reagents (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland). Overall, 181 samples were collected from 10 vineyards around Csörnyeföld, Badacsony, Eger, Tolcsva (Orémus), and Nagyréde. Samples were taken randomly unless plants showing virus-like symptoms were present, which were preferentially included in the survey. Two samples collected in 2010, each consisting of five leaves from five individual plants, tested positive by DAS-ELISA. They originated from a small private vineyard of Italian Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Rhein Riesling in the southwestern part of Hungary near Csörnyeföld where 29 samples were collected. All leaves were asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from positive samples using a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). cDNA was synthesized using primer RNA12 as described (4) and further amplified by PCR using primers RBDVUP1/RBDVLO4 that amplified an 872-bp fragment of RBDV coat protein and 3′ non-translated region (2). Amplification products from both samples were directly sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). The sequences showed 98.6% identity between each other and were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ928628 and JQ928629). Sequences were also compared with RBDV sequences deposited in GenBank. They showed 97.7 to 99.3% identity with RBDV sequences from grapevine from Slovenia and 94.2 to 96.1% with RBDV sequences from Rubus sp. Natural infection of grapevine with RBDV was first reported from Slovenia in 2003 (3) and was recently reported also from Serbia (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV infection of grapevine in Hungary and suggests a wider presence of the virus in the region. References: (1) D. Jevremovic and S. Paunovic. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade) 26:55, 2011. (2) H. I. Kokko et al. BioTechniques 20:842, 1996. (3) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Plant Dis. 87:1148, 2003. (4) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:261, 2009.

scholarly journals Relative toxicity of some insecticides and azadirachtin against four crop infesting aphid species

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
Jesmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Residual Film ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Indirect application was used to assay the toxicity of five insecticides; viz. malathion, carbosulfan, cymbush, imidacloprid and azadirachtin against four important crop infesting aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), reared on bean, brinjal, potato and cauliflower plants respectively. Residual film technique was applied by bringing leaves with tested aphids of the vegetable plants in the laboratory. Malathion was the least toxic to all aphids having LC50 as 327.97, 333.92, 305.26 and 313.77 μg cm-2 for A. craccivora, A. gossypii, M. persicae and M. persicae respectively. Cypermethrin was the most toxic showing LC50 as 12.55, 12.29, 12.55 and 12.10 μg cm-2 in the above mentioned species of aphid respectively. Carbosulfan and imidacloprid showed moderate toxicity. Azadirachtin as a natural plant origin insecticide proved to be the most toxic having LC50 as 0.41 μg cm-2 for A. craccivora, 0.34 μg cm-2 for A. gossypii and 0.44 μg cm-2 for both M. persicae and L. erysimi. Key words: Insecticide, toxicity, azadirachtin, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi   doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1950 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 31-34

scholarly journals Wheat dwarf virus infectious clones allow to infect wheat and Triticum monococcum plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Cejnar ◽  
Ludmila Ohnoutková ◽  
Jan Ripl ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Gene Gun ◽  
Wheat Dwarf Virus ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
Bacterial Plasmid ◽  
Biolistic Inoculation ◽  
Das Elisa

We constructed Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) infectious clones in the bacterial plasmids pUC18 and pIPKb002 and tested their ability to inoculate plants using Bio-Rad Helios Gene Gun biolistic inoculation method and Agrobacterium tumefaciens agroinoculation method, and we then compared them with the natural inoculation method via viruliferous P. alienus. Infected plants were generated using both infectious clones, whereas the agroinoculation method was able to produce strong systemic infection in all three tested cultivars of wheat and Triticum monococcum, comparable to plants inoculated by viruliferous P. alienus. Infection was confirmed by DAS-ELISA, and WDV titres were quantified using qPCR. The levels of remaining bacterial plasmid DNA were also confirmed to be zero.

scholarly journals Incidence of Garlic common latent virus in Argentina, and phylogenetic and recombination analyses of isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Karina Torrico ◽  
Marcos Giovani Celli ◽  
Luis Rogelio Conci ◽  
Vilma Cecilia Conci
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
German Isolate ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this work was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV) in the main production regions of garlic (Allium sativum) in Argentina, and to perform phylogenetic and recombination analyses in isolates from these regions. Leaf samples (3,050) were taken from four garlic commercial types, in 13 departments of the four main garlic-producing provinces of Argentina, in a 1,175-ha sampling area. Virus infection was evaluated with DAS-Elisa test using specific antiserum, and the phylogenetic and recombination analyses were done with capsid protein (CP) nucleotide sequence of seven GarCLV isolates from the provinces. The incidence of GarCLV in the evaluated provinces varied between 6.7 and 22% of the samples, whereas the prevalence varied between 52.6 and 70%. In the analysis of garlic commercial types, Morado showed the highest incidence of the virus, in the province of San Juan, whereas Rosado Paraguayo had the lowest incidence, in the province of Cordoba. Nucleotide identity in the CP sequences ranged between 80.3 and 97.6%. The phylogenetic analysis shows the presence of two main groups of GarCLV and of a possible third group that would include only a German isolate. The recombination analysis between isolates from different parts of the world evidences the presence of recombinant isolates from Poland and Australia.

scholarly journals Interactions of Plum pox virus strain Rec with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus and Prune dwarf viruses in field-grown transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
M. Ravelonandro ◽  
J. Kumar-Kundu ◽  
J. Pívalová ◽  
R. Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Das Elisa

Transgenic plums, <I>Prunus domestica</I> L. clone C5, were inoculated by bud grafting with <I>Plum pox virus</I> (PPV-Rec, recombinant strain originated from plum), PPV-Rec + <I>Apple chlorotic leafspot virus</I> (ACLSV), PPV-Rec + <I>Prune dwarf virus</I> (PDV), and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Non-inoculated transgenic plums served as controls. Plants were grown in an open field for 5 years. They were evaluated by visible symptoms, by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Mild PPV symptoms, diffuse spots or rings appeared two years after inoculation in some leaves of plants artificially inoculated with PPV-Rec, PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Severe PPV symptoms appeared in leaves of shoots growing from infected buds used for inoculation. During the following three years, further weakening of PPV symptoms was observed in transgenic plants. In 2007, very mild PPV symptoms were found in only a few leaves, and over 60%, resp. 70% of the C5 trees showed no PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA, ISEM and RT-PCR. No difference in PPV symptoms was observed between PPV-Rec and combinations PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. No symptoms of ACLSV appeared in combinations of ACLSV with PPV-Rec and PPV-Rec + PDV during 2004–2007, but the presence of ACLSV in leaves of transgenic plants clone C5 was proved by ELISA and RT-PCR. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects of ACLSV on PPV-Rec were observed. No symptoms of PDV appeared in combinations of viruses with PDV during 2004–2007. PDV was not detected by ELISA, and the presence of PDV was uncertain by RT-PCR in most of inoculated trees in 2006 and 2007. The results of RT-PCR will be further confirmed by sequence analysis and discussed. These results suggest a possible antagonistic interaction between PPV-Rec and PDV in plum clone C5.

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