scholarly journals Emission from energy herbs combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hutla ◽  
P. Jevič ◽  
J. Mazancová ◽  
D. Plíštil
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Canary Grass

The energy herb and waste agricultural biomass create important potential of fossil fuels replacement for heating. At present is being used straw, other energy crops are energy sorrel, reed canary grass, knotweed and miscanthus. At biomass combustion are monitored CO and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. For five types of fuels were measured the emission parameters during their combustion in boiler for straw of output 1 MW. The CO emissions are very different for individual fuels. The highest values were achieved for energy sorrel combustion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biogas Collection from Reed Canary Grass, Depending on Nitrogen Fertilisation Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kacprzak ◽  
Mariusz Matyka ◽  
Liliana Krzystek ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Canary Grass

The world in 21st century is facing the problem of growing energy consumption while the supply of fossil fuels is being reduced. This resulted in the development of research into the use of renewable energy sources and development of new technologies for energy production. In Polish conditions the development of agricultural biogas plants finds its legitimacy in the document developed by the Ministry titled "Trends in agricultural biogas plants in Poland in 2010-2020”. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the weather conditions and the degree of nitrogen fertilisation on yield of reed canary grass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.) and to determine their susceptibility to anaerobic digestion, and usefulness of the production of biogas. Carried out experiments showed that increasing nitrogen fertilisation (from 40 to 120 kg N/ha) linearly increased canary grass green biomass yield from 32 to 46.3 t/ha. However, the highest biogas yield 126 m3/ha was obtained when 80 kg N/ha was applied.

scholarly journals The possibility of using sewage sludge for energy crop cultivation exemplified by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Antonkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Kołodziej ◽  
Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska ◽  
Anna Popławska
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Canary Grass

Abstract Energy crops, on account of high biomass yields, have high nutrient requirements in relation to macroelements. Municipal sewage sludge can be a potential source of micronutrients for plants with high nutrient requirements. The use of macronutrients from sewage sludge by energy crops is an alternative form of nutrient recycling from organic waste. The aim of the research was to assess the content, uptake and use of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na from municipal sewage sludge by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu). The effect of sewage sludge on the ratios between macroelements in the biomass of the tested plants was also assessed. The multi-year field experiment involved four levels of fertilization with sewage sludge at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 Mg DM·ha−1. Due to the low potassium content in this waste, supplementary potassium fertilization (100 kg K·ha−1 in the form of 40% potassium salt (KCl)) was applied once on all plots. It was established that the increasing doses of sewage sludge had a considerable effect on the increase in the content and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na by the biomass of the tested energy crops. The research shows that, compared to giant miscanthus, reed canary grass had a higher macronutrient content. The largest amount of uptaken N, P, K, Ca and Mg was found in reed canary grass (at a dose of 40 Mg DM·ha−1), whereas Na was detected in giant miscanthus (at a dose o 20 Mg DM·ha−1). It was established that giant miscanthus, on account of its higher yielding, recovers macroelements from sewage sludge applied to soil at a dose of 10 Mg DM·ha−1 to the greatest extent. The increasing doses of sewage sludge considerably decreased the value of K:Mg, Ca:Mg, Ca:P ratios in miscanthus biomass yield. The applied doses of sewage sludge (40–60 Mg DM·ha−1) increased the value of K:Ca, Ca:P, K:Na ratios in miscanthus biomass yield.

scholarly journals Belt Feeder for Biomass Mixing

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Aivars Kaķītis ◽  
Imants Nulle ◽  
Dainis Ancāns
Keyword(s):  
Local Heat ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Belt Feeder

Level of agricultural productivity has been increased and also increased land area not utilized for food production. This area can be used for growing energy crops, including grasses. In addition, there are non-agricultural lands in Latvia suitable only for growing energy crops like Reed canary grass etc. Reed canary grass growing for energy needs could be an additional source of income for Latvian farmers, whom have harvesting technique for hay, for example dairy farming. It could be also a local heat energy source if wood in farm area is not available. Pelletizing or briquetting of dried herbaceous biomass has several advantages such as increasing energy density, improving storability and reducing handling and transport costs, but remains, of the fuel quality negatively affecting things, such as high ash and chlorine content (wheat straw 0.1 – 2.3%). Therefore, to reduce ash content and corrosion of heat transfer surfaces suggestible to make blends with others biomass where those parameters are lower. Briquettes of herbaceous biomass blends with peat are denser, durabler and take less energy for briquetting and pelleting. A new mixing method in this article is described. Experiments of biomass feeding in mixing process with belt feeder were done. The throughput of the belt feeder is increasing nearly linearly at feeder belt velocity from 0.18 to 0.89 m·s-1. The specific throughput of belt feeder was evaluated for Reed canary grass. Noticeable influence of the belt velocity on the specific throughput of belt feeder was not found.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilization on the Energy Profit of Tall Wheatgrass and Reed Canary Grass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Marek Kopecký ◽  
Petr Mráz ◽  
Ladislav Kolář ◽  
Radka Váchalová ◽  
Jaroslav Bernas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Erosion Effect ◽  
Canary Grass

Cultivation of energy crops is a part of modern agriculture. In particular, maize (Zea mays L.) is widely grown in central Europe. However, in terms of erosion risk and high demands on fertilization and protection against diseases and pests, its growing is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, possibilities of utilization of other more environmentally friendly energy crops have been examined at present. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of various fertilization (mineral, digestate, control) on the yields of tall wheatgrass (TWG) (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus) and reed canary grass (RCG) (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated in a long-term field experiment on the experimental site in Czech Republic. The energy profit from cultivation of these crops and its protective anti-erosion effect were evaluated. The average yields ranged from 4.6 (RCG, mineral fertilization) to 7.4 t/ha (TWG, digestate fertilization). The more profitable species was tall wheatgrass, the biomass of which also had the higher heating value. The energy profit ranged from 80 GJ/ha (RCG, control variant and mineral fertilization) to 133 GJ/ha (TWG, digestate and mineral fertilization). It has been found that the tested plants excel in anti-erosion effect and could therefore be a suitable alternative to maize, especially in less-favored areas.

scholarly journals Afforestation of cutaway peatlands: effect of wood ash on biomass formation and carbon balance

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Katri Ots ◽  
Mall Orru ◽  
Mari Tilk ◽  
Leno Kuura ◽  
Karin Aguraijuja
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Vegetation Layer ◽  
Made In

Abstract Alternatives to the restoration of cutaway peatlands include afforestation, energy forests, agricultural production, wetland restoration (restoration of peataccumulating function), reed canary grass (energy mower) or wild berries (blueberry, cranberry) cultivation, protected area for birds, and artificial lakes. Investigations made in several countries suggest that one of the most promising ways of regenerating cutaway peatlands is afforestation. The re-vegetation of Estonian cutaway peat production fields is mainly the result of natural processes, which are generally very slow: vegetation covers only 10–20% of a peat field. Carbon dioxide is not bound anymore in cutaway peatlands where vegetation layer has been destroyed and therefore photosynthetical processes no more occur. Using biofuel ashes (wood ash, etc.) for the afforestation of cutaway peatlands helps to balance the content of nutrients in peat substrate, which improves the survival of planted seedlings and significantly increases bioproduction. Drained and mined peatlands have become a significant source of CO2 but stimulated woody biomass production can be helpful to balance CO2 emission from cutaway peatlands. Because of the limited resources of fossil fuels and negative impacts on the environment in recent decades alternative sources of energy have been actively looked for. In Scandinavia a lot of attention has been paid to finding possibilities for using biofuels. The situation in Estonia is that only very few types of ashes (for example certified oil shale fly ash with product name Enefix) have been founded to be suitable for utilization and have been used for recycling in agriculture.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs ADAMOVICS ◽  
Liena POIŠA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Canary Grass

For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.

scholarly journals Mechanical characteristics of standard fuel briquettes on biomass basis

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Plíštil ◽  
M. Brožek ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
P. Hutla
Keyword(s):  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Rapeseed Straw ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Uniform Diameter ◽  
High Level

The measuring has proved that the energy herbs can be pressed into the form of compact briquettes. It regards 9 varieties of the energy crops, i.e. coriander, crambe, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum, reed canary grass, knotweed, barley straw and rapeseed straw. These energy crops are disintegrated by the grinding mill &Scaron;V 15 (manufacturer Stoza, Ltd.) before the pressing. The fraction size is given by the mesh size of circular cross section of diameter 15 mm. All the crops have constant moisture content during the measuring and uniform diameter 65 mm of the resulting briquettes. The biomass moisture ranges from 9 to 11%. The pressing is conducted by the briquette press HLS 50 (manufacturer Briklis, Ltd.). The measuring results have shown the highest volume weight in following energy herbs: coriander, saphlor, rapeseed straw, sorghum, sorrel and knotweed. The lowest volume weight was found in these crops: reed canary grass, crambe and barley straw. The measuring proved that the highest force for the briquette disintegration is necessary for knotweed, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum and coriander. The lowest force for the briquette disintegration needs the reed canary grass, barley and rapeseed straw and crambe. Crambe contains a high level of oil in its seeds and this fact causes difficulties during their pressing as good mechanical parameters regards, thus they cannot be pressed into the briquette form.

scholarly journals Determination of Mechanical and Energetic Properties of Reed Canary Grass Pellets Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Souček ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Fanni Sillinger ◽  
Kornél Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Pellet Form

Authors of the article are evaluating characteristics of half‑operational experimental agro‑pellets production. The problems of production and use of agro‑pellets is the current issue. It’s a way to apply part of the agricultural production in the market. It is also an opportunity to replace part of the fossil fuels and increase the share of renewables. But the use of phytomass is bringing many problems. First, it is important that the manufactured products will be succeeded on the raw materials market. Agro‑pellets therefore must have characteristics that support their competitiveness and allow their classification. The advantage comes if the agro‑pellets properties are comparable with traditional fuels and their combustion is possible in standard boilers. This objective can be achieved in several ways. The production of mixed fuels is one from the possible ways. Phytomass is pressed into pellet form in a mixture with other raw materials, usually based on powder coal or wood. The advantage of mixed fuels production is the ability to influence the final properties according to market demands and requirements of legislation. The research activity results, which are given in the text, were aimed at the possibility of Reed Canary Grass applying as part of a mixed fuel in various concentrations. The pellets are based on Reed Canary Grass and wooden biomass in the form of saw‑dust. Addition of sawdust has negative influence on the presser productivity, but has a positive impact on mechanical and burning qualities of final products. Mechanical durability values of pellets were increased by 4.8 and 3.0% with the sawdust addition. The specific weight of pellets was increased even by 31.9%. Hand in hand with the raising amount of sawdust in pellets, the decline of CO emissions in exhaust gas was proven.

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