The effect of harvest date on the yield and mineral content ofPhalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) genotypes screened for their potential as energy crops in southern England

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley G Christian ◽  
Nicola E Yates ◽  
Andrew B Riche
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Canary Grass

scholarly journals Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SAIJONKARI-PAHKALA
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Canary Grass

This study was begun in 1990 when there was a marked shortage of short fibre raw material for the pulp industry. During the last ten years the situation has changed little, and the shortage is still apparent. It was estimated that 0.5 to 1 million hectares of arable land would be set aside from cultivation in Finland during this period. An alternative to using hardwoods in printing papers is non-wood fibres from herbaceous field crops. The study aimed at determining the feasibility of using non-wood plants as raw material for the pulp and paper industry, and developing crop management methods for the selected species. The properties considered important for a fibre crop were high yielding ability, high pulping quality and good adaptation to the prevailing climatic conditions and possibilities for low cost production. A strategy and a process to identify, select and introduce a crop for domestic short fibre production is described in this thesis. The experimental part of the study consisted of screening plant species by analysing fibre and mineral content, evaluating crop management methods and varieties, resulting in description of an appropriate cropping system for large-scale fibre plant production. Of the 17 herbaceous plant species studied, monocotyledons were most suitable for pulping. They were productive and well adapted to Finnish climatic conditions. Of the monocots, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were the most promising. These were chosen for further studies and were included in field experiments to determine the most suitable harvesting system and fertilizer application procedures for biomass production. Reed canary grass was favoured by delayed harvesting in spring when the moisture content of the crop stand was 10-15% of DM before production of new tillers. When sown in early spring, reed canary grass typically yielded 7-8 t ha-1 within three years on clay soil. The yield exceeded 10 t ha-1 on organic soil after the second harvest year. Spring harvesting was not suitable for tall fescue and resulted in only 37-54% of dry matter yields and in far fewer stems and panicles than harvested during the growing season. The economic optimum for fertilizer application rate for reed canary grass ranged from 50 to 100 kg N ha-1 when grown on clay soil and harvested in spring. On organic soil the fertilizer rates needed were lower. If tall fescue is used for raw material for paper, fertilizer application rates higher than 100 kg N ha-1 were not of any additional benefit. It was possible to decrease the mineral content of raw material by harvesting in spring, using moderate fertilizer application rates, removing leaf blades from the raw material and growing the crop on organic soil. The fibre content of the raw material increased the later the crop was harvested, being highest in spring. Removing leaf blades and using minimum fertilizer application rates in-creased the fibre content of biomass.;

scholarly journals The possibility of using sewage sludge for energy crop cultivation exemplified by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Antonkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Kołodziej ◽  
Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska ◽  
Anna Popławska
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Canary Grass

Abstract Energy crops, on account of high biomass yields, have high nutrient requirements in relation to macroelements. Municipal sewage sludge can be a potential source of micronutrients for plants with high nutrient requirements. The use of macronutrients from sewage sludge by energy crops is an alternative form of nutrient recycling from organic waste. The aim of the research was to assess the content, uptake and use of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na from municipal sewage sludge by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu). The effect of sewage sludge on the ratios between macroelements in the biomass of the tested plants was also assessed. The multi-year field experiment involved four levels of fertilization with sewage sludge at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 Mg DM·ha−1. Due to the low potassium content in this waste, supplementary potassium fertilization (100 kg K·ha−1 in the form of 40% potassium salt (KCl)) was applied once on all plots. It was established that the increasing doses of sewage sludge had a considerable effect on the increase in the content and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na by the biomass of the tested energy crops. The research shows that, compared to giant miscanthus, reed canary grass had a higher macronutrient content. The largest amount of uptaken N, P, K, Ca and Mg was found in reed canary grass (at a dose of 40 Mg DM·ha−1), whereas Na was detected in giant miscanthus (at a dose o 20 Mg DM·ha−1). It was established that giant miscanthus, on account of its higher yielding, recovers macroelements from sewage sludge applied to soil at a dose of 10 Mg DM·ha−1 to the greatest extent. The increasing doses of sewage sludge considerably decreased the value of K:Mg, Ca:Mg, Ca:P ratios in miscanthus biomass yield. The applied doses of sewage sludge (40–60 Mg DM·ha−1) increased the value of K:Ca, Ca:P, K:Na ratios in miscanthus biomass yield.

scholarly journals Belt Feeder for Biomass Mixing

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Aivars Kaķītis ◽  
Imants Nulle ◽  
Dainis Ancāns
Keyword(s):  
Local Heat ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Belt Feeder

Level of agricultural productivity has been increased and also increased land area not utilized for food production. This area can be used for growing energy crops, including grasses. In addition, there are non-agricultural lands in Latvia suitable only for growing energy crops like Reed canary grass etc. Reed canary grass growing for energy needs could be an additional source of income for Latvian farmers, whom have harvesting technique for hay, for example dairy farming. It could be also a local heat energy source if wood in farm area is not available. Pelletizing or briquetting of dried herbaceous biomass has several advantages such as increasing energy density, improving storability and reducing handling and transport costs, but remains, of the fuel quality negatively affecting things, such as high ash and chlorine content (wheat straw 0.1 – 2.3%). Therefore, to reduce ash content and corrosion of heat transfer surfaces suggestible to make blends with others biomass where those parameters are lower. Briquettes of herbaceous biomass blends with peat are denser, durabler and take less energy for briquetting and pelleting. A new mixing method in this article is described. Experiments of biomass feeding in mixing process with belt feeder were done. The throughput of the belt feeder is increasing nearly linearly at feeder belt velocity from 0.18 to 0.89 m·s-1. The specific throughput of belt feeder was evaluated for Reed canary grass. Noticeable influence of the belt velocity on the specific throughput of belt feeder was not found.

scholarly journals Emission from energy herbs combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hutla ◽  
P. Jevič ◽  
J. Mazancová ◽  
D. Plíštil
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Canary Grass

The energy herb and waste agricultural biomass create important potential of fossil fuels replacement for heating. At present is being used straw, other energy crops are energy sorrel, reed canary grass, knotweed and miscanthus. At biomass combustion are monitored CO and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. For five types of fuels were measured the emission parameters during their combustion in boiler for straw of output 1 MW. The CO emissions are very different for individual fuels. The highest values were achieved for energy sorrel combustion.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilization on the Energy Profit of Tall Wheatgrass and Reed Canary Grass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Marek Kopecký ◽  
Petr Mráz ◽  
Ladislav Kolář ◽  
Radka Váchalová ◽  
Jaroslav Bernas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Erosion Effect ◽  
Canary Grass

Cultivation of energy crops is a part of modern agriculture. In particular, maize (Zea mays L.) is widely grown in central Europe. However, in terms of erosion risk and high demands on fertilization and protection against diseases and pests, its growing is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, possibilities of utilization of other more environmentally friendly energy crops have been examined at present. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of various fertilization (mineral, digestate, control) on the yields of tall wheatgrass (TWG) (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus) and reed canary grass (RCG) (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated in a long-term field experiment on the experimental site in Czech Republic. The energy profit from cultivation of these crops and its protective anti-erosion effect were evaluated. The average yields ranged from 4.6 (RCG, mineral fertilization) to 7.4 t/ha (TWG, digestate fertilization). The more profitable species was tall wheatgrass, the biomass of which also had the higher heating value. The energy profit ranged from 80 GJ/ha (RCG, control variant and mineral fertilization) to 133 GJ/ha (TWG, digestate and mineral fertilization). It has been found that the tested plants excel in anti-erosion effect and could therefore be a suitable alternative to maize, especially in less-favored areas.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs ADAMOVICS ◽  
Liena POIŠA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Canary Grass

For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.

scholarly journals Mechanical characteristics of standard fuel briquettes on biomass basis

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Plíštil ◽  
M. Brožek ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
P. Hutla
Keyword(s):  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Rapeseed Straw ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Uniform Diameter ◽  
High Level

The measuring has proved that the energy herbs can be pressed into the form of compact briquettes. It regards 9 varieties of the energy crops, i.e. coriander, crambe, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum, reed canary grass, knotweed, barley straw and rapeseed straw. These energy crops are disintegrated by the grinding mill &Scaron;V 15 (manufacturer Stoza, Ltd.) before the pressing. The fraction size is given by the mesh size of circular cross section of diameter 15 mm. All the crops have constant moisture content during the measuring and uniform diameter 65 mm of the resulting briquettes. The biomass moisture ranges from 9 to 11%. The pressing is conducted by the briquette press HLS 50 (manufacturer Briklis, Ltd.). The measuring results have shown the highest volume weight in following energy herbs: coriander, saphlor, rapeseed straw, sorghum, sorrel and knotweed. The lowest volume weight was found in these crops: reed canary grass, crambe and barley straw. The measuring proved that the highest force for the briquette disintegration is necessary for knotweed, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum and coriander. The lowest force for the briquette disintegration needs the reed canary grass, barley and rapeseed straw and crambe. Crambe contains a high level of oil in its seeds and this fact causes difficulties during their pressing as good mechanical parameters regards, thus they cannot be pressed into the briquette form.

scholarly journals MELTING TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT ENERGY CROP ASHES

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skaidrīte Būmane ◽  
Liena Poiša ◽  
Aleksandrs Adamovičs ◽  
Rasma Platače ◽  
Edgars Čubars
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Canary Grass

For solid fuels ash melting temperature is recommended to be higher than 1000°C, so that it can be used in automated furnaces; therefore-promising energy crops are investigated as renewable energy source. This paper presents the results of tests on melting temperature of different energy crop ashes.The field trial was carried out in the study farm of the Latvia University of Agriculture "Pēterlauki" (56°53'N, 23°71'E) in the sod calcareous soils characterized by pH KCl 6.7, P 52 mg kg-1, K 128 mg kg-1, organic matter content from 21 to 25 g kg-1 in the soil. Energy crops analysed: reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth.), osier (Salix spp.), grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench), poplar (Populus tremula L.), hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula). Results indicate that the ash melting temperature (D, St, Ht, Ft) for the wood energy crops were higher than for the studied grass energy crops and their mixture. Ash melting temperature in all phases over 1200°C was observed for such poplar and hybrid aspen mixture proportions: 3 parts of wood and 1 part of reed canary grass, or 1 part of wood and 1 part of reed canary grass.

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