scholarly journals Felling and skidding damage to residual trees following selection cutting in Caspian forests of Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tavankar ◽  
B. Majnounian ◽  
A.E. Bonyad
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Logging Damage ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Cutting Operation ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Residual Tree ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Type Of Injury

The felling and skidding damage to residual trees was investigated in a selectively cutting operation in the Caspian forest of Iran. The logging operation was performed by chainsaw and cable skidder. Prelogging, after felling and skidding operations residual tree injuries (species, DBH and damage) were inventoried by systematic plot sampling. Two types of tree damage were observed: destroyed and injured. In this study felling operations mainly injured trees whereas skidding was the main cause of destruction. The percentage of destroyed and injured residual trees by felling operations was 1.4% and 3.4%, whereas the percentage of destroyed and injured residual trees by skid­ding operations was 5.2% and 11.1%. About 87% of destroyed trees were found in the DBH class smaller than 22.5 cm. Maple and Alder were the most damaged trees among the other trees species. Damage to the lower bole and wood damaged intensity were the most common type of injury. To reduce the stand damage, skid trails should be planned before felling and felling directions should be predetermined. In the selection cutting management, limiting logging damage to residual trees must therefore remain a major objective.    

scholarly journals Logging damage to residual trees during sustainable harvesting of uneven-age stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afraz Iranparast Bodaghi ◽  
Mehrdad Nikooy ◽  
Ramin Naghdi ◽  
Farzam Tavankar
Keyword(s):  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Logging Damage ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Alnus Subcordata ◽  
Damage Types

Background: The frequency of wounded trees and intensity of wounds during logging operations can have serious impacts on stand growth and forest sustainability. The aims of the study were to evaluate and compare stand (tree and regeneration) damage level, wound characteristics, and damage types occurring when using a cable skidder in salvage logging and selection cutting. Methods: This study was conducted on four sites of mixed uneven-aged hardwood stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. At two sites, salvage logging was applied (SL1 and SL2), and low-intensity selection cutting (SC1 and SC2) was applied at the other two. A systematic plot sampling design was used on the study area for damage assessment. Results: The percentage of regenerating trees damaged was 2.8, 2.1, 4.3, 1.4 %, in SL1, SL2, SC1, and SC2, respectively. The corresponding percentage of damaged trees was 4.3, 3.7, 4.9, 1.7 %. Most of the damage (48–79%) to the stand occurred during the winching stage at all the sites. Most of the wounds were located on the bole (51–78%). The average wound height and wound size at selection cutting sites were significantly higher than at the salvage logging sites. The incidence of high-intensity wounds at the salvage logging sites (55% at SL1 and 57% at SL2) was higher than at the selection cutting sites (24% in SC1 and 30% in SC2). Regenerating beech (Fagus orienalis Lipsky) and alder (Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey) had the highest incidence of damage. The number of damaged trees increased with increasing winching distance. Conclusion: Damage levels in stands during salvage logging and low-intensity selection cutting are lower (about a quarter) than the damage level to residual trees (12–23%) and regeneration (5–11%) from conventional selection cutting in uneven-aged mixed hardwood stands in the Hyrcanian forests. Because of the ecological and conservation value of deadwood, if the incidence of wind-fallen trees is low, the wood should be left in forest stands due to the high cost of salvage logging and the damage caused to residual and regenerating trees.

Injury incidence and characteristics for elite, male, artistic USA gymnastics competitions from 2008 to 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101297
Author(s):  
David William Kruse ◽  
Andrew Seiji Nobe ◽  
John Billimek
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Type Of Injury

ObjectivesTo determine the injury incidence and characteristics for elite, male, artistic USA gymnasts during gymnastics competitions, held in the USA, from 2008 to 2018.MethodsInjury documentation performed by lead physician and certified athletic trainers at elite junior and senior USA Gymnastics competitions from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed and compiled into an excel database. Injury incidence was computed per 1000 registered gymnasts by competition setting as well as injury location, type, cause, severity, and setting.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2018, 180 injuries were reported in a total of 2102 gymnasts with injury incidence of 85.6 per 1000 gymnasts (95% CI 73.4 to 97.8). The most common injury site was at the ankle (16.7 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 10.9 to 22.4), and muscle strain/rupture/tear was the most common type of injury (28.5 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 21.2 to 35.9). The most common cause was contact with surface (56.1 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 46.1 to 66.2), and the event where most injuries were sustained was the vault (21.9 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 15.4 to 28.4). Incidence of time loss injuries was 38.5 per 1000 gymnasts (95% CI 30.1 to 47.0). Injury incidence was higher during competition (58.5 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 48.2 to 68.8) than during training (27.1 per 1000 RG, 95% CI 19.9 to 34.3; RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.94, p<0.001); injury incidence was greater at Olympic Trials (RR 3.23, 95% CI 1.24 to 8.47, p=0.017) than at National Qualifier meets. We report concussion incidence in gymnastics (5.7 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 2.3 to 9.2).ConclusionsThis is the largest injury study to date for male artistic gymnasts (180 injuries, 2102 gymnasts, 11 years).

scholarly journals An Assessment of Stand Damage Following Timber Harvests in West Virginia

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt C. Hassler ◽  
Shawn T. Grushecky ◽  
Mary Ann Fajvan
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvests

Abstract Fixed plot sampling was used to measure residual stand damage on 101 harvested stands in West Virginia. Damage was categorized for roots, base, bole, and crown components of all trees 4 in. dbh and greater. The level of damage was correlated to both preharvest and residual stand densities. Equations were developed to estimate stand damage, based on preharvest and residual stand basal area and trees per acre. These equations were found to reasonably estimate levels of stand damage from previous studies in partial/selection cuts, but not in thinnings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):191-196.

scholarly journals PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF INJURIES OCCURRED DURING BRAZILIAN FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP IN 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO GONÇALVES ARLIANI ◽  
PAULO HENRIQUE SCHMIDT LARA ◽  
GABRIEL FURLAN MARGATO ◽  
DIOGO CRISTIANO NETTO ◽  
MOISÉS COHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Type Of Injury

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for injuries that occurred during the matches of the Brazilian Football Championship. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with the collection of data referring to injuries that occurred during the 2019 Brazilian Football Championship. The injuries were recorded by the responsible physician of each team, through an online injury mapping system. Results: Among the 645 athletes who were included in the study, 214 (33.2%) of the players had at least one injury during the tournament. In total, 257 injuries were recorded during the Brazilian Championship, with an average of 0.68 injuries per game. 59.1% of the injured athletes were over 26 years old. The most common type of injury was muscle strain (37.7%) and forwards were the most affected (33.6%). Conclusion: Muscle injuries were the most frequent in the tournament, with the thigh muscles being the most affected. Most of the affected players were over 26 years old, there were 20.5 injuries for every 1000 hours of play and the incidence of injuries was approximately 33%, with attackers being the most affected (33.6%). Level of Evidence III, Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference “gold” standard.

scholarly journals Comparison of endoscopic-assisted and temporary keratoprosthesis-assisted vitrectomy in combat ocular trauma: experience at a tertiary eye center in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2708-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onder Ayyildiz ◽  
Ali Hakan Durukan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Temporary Keratoprosthesis ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
Type Of Injury

Objective This study was performed to compare the functional and anatomical results of endoscopic-assisted and temporary keratoprosthesis (TKP)-assisted vitrectomy in patients with combat ocular trauma (COT). Methods The medical records of 14 severely injured eyes of 12 patients who underwent endoscopy or TKP implantation in combination with vitreoretinal surgery from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients’ ocular history and functional and anatomic anterior and posterior segment results were analyzed. Results Eight eyes (57%) underwent TKP-assisted vitrectomy and six eyes (43%) underwent endoscopic vitrectomy. The most common cause of COT was detonation of improvised explosive devices (72%), and the most common type of injury was an intraocular foreign body (50%). The median time from trauma to surgery and the median surgical time were significantly shorter in the endoscopy than TKP group. The postoperative functional and anatomical results were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions TKP-assisted vitrectomy should be performed in eyes requiring extensive bimanual surgery. In such cases, a corneal graft must be preserved for the TKP at the end of the surgery. Endoscopy shortens the surgical time and can reduce the complication rate.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Primary Tooth Injuries

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Arikan ◽  
Saziye Sari ◽  
Hayriye Sonmez
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Tooth Injuries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Type Of Injury

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the type and prevalence of primary tooth injuries, as well as their treatment and treatment outcomes, among children referred to the Department of Pedodontics at the Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry in Turkey.Methods: The study population consisted of patients applying to the department with a primary tooth injury over a period of 21 months. Fifty-one patients presented with trauma to 99 primary teeth. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted on each patient. Age, sex, time, cause of injury, and number of teeth affected were recorded, and the type of trauma was identified according to Andreasen’s classification. The teeth were treated by one of the authors.Results: The majority of trauma occurred between the ages of 2 and 4. The most common type of injury was lateral luxation (33.3%). Most injuries (33.3%) presented during May. The most common form of treatment was follow-up only (39.4%), followed by extraction (29.3%) and root canal treatment (12.1%). The average follow-up period was 11 months. During the follow-up period, complications were observed in 4 teeth.Conclusions: The study results show that in the absence of acute symptoms, parents tend not to apply to a dental clinic for children’s injuries. This finding highlights the importance of informing the public about primary tooth injuries and their consequences. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:447-453)

scholarly journals Comparative effects of full-tree and tree-length shelterwood harvesting on residual tree damage and coarse woody debris volume in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (06) ◽  
pp. 736-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Jones ◽  
Scott McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Residual Tree ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Study Sites

Residual stand damage and coarse woody debris loads were evaluated in 15 hardwood and white pine uniform shelterwood harvest blocks, in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest Region, using tree-length (TL) and full-tree (FT) harvesting techniques. Stand-level damage rates to residual stems in both the TL and FT harvest operations were below Ontario’s allowable “major” damage limits of 15% to all residual trees and 10% to acceptable growing stock (AGS) trees. No significant differences in damage rates were observed between the TL and FT harvest systems and were comparable to past assessments in TL and FT harvested blocks. Despite efforts to increase utilization of material from these study sites, no significant differences were observed in coarse woody debris (CWD) volume or the distribution of that volume across decay classes.

scholarly journals Fit to Dance Survey: A Comparison with DanceSport Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Riding McCabe ◽  
Jatin P Ambegaonkar ◽  
Emma Redding ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Common Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Type Of Injury

The Fit to Dance survey has been conducted twice previously, in 1993 and 2002, without dancesport participants. The purpose of this present online survey was to supplement a comparison of dancesport against the earlier results. The current study had a greater percentage of male respondents than previous studies (43% vs 24% and 26%). The dancesport participants were older (28% at 40+ yrs vs 3% and 1%) and more likely to have normal (69% vs 57%) to overweight BMI (18% vs 2%). dancesport participants spent more time in various non-dancing conditioning activities than previous surveys (5.2 ± 3.9 hrs [SD] vs 1.9 ± 2.5 and 2.2 ± 2.7). Muscles and joints were the most common type of injury in all the surveys. The knee was the top injury site in this survey, with lower back in previous surveys. The main perceived cause of injury was repetitive movements, whereas fatigue and overwork were cited in the previous surveys. Physiotherapists were the most common type of medical professionals from whom the dancers sought treatment for their injuries in all surveys. The first survey included recommendations that the present survey results agree with, including: dancers should be physically fit, dancers should warm up and cool down, dancers should never have to work in unsuitable environments, and dancers should receive immediate high-quality treatment for injuries.

scholarly journals Study of the characteristics and burden of pediatric trauma in low resource settings.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1958-1965
Author(s):  
Shafiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Yasir Makki ◽  
Saad Fazal ◽  
Hafiza Swaiba Afzal ◽  
Fareena Ishtiaq
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Type Of Injury

Objectives: Purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics and burden of pediatric trauma in a hospital with limited resources and to compare the results with published literature and to formulate the effective injury prevention strategies. Study Design: Prospective, Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery, DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal. Period: January 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods:  A total of 871 patients aged 12 years and below with a history of trauma were included. The patients were categorized into four age groups, 0-2 years, 3-5 years, 6-8 years, and 9-12 years. Data collected included, age, gender, area (rural/urban), type of injury, mechanism of injury, regional pattern of injury, any intervention required and final outcome. The data were compared in different age groups and both sexes. Results: Out of total 2609 admissions, 871(33.38%) patients were of trauma and burn. 699(80.3%) trauma patients and 172(19.7%) burn patients. The males were 595(67.9%) and females comprised 276(32.1%). Age ranged from 05 days to 12 years (mean5.07years). By age groups, distribution of patients was, 0-2years 201(23.1%), 3-5years 340(39.0%), 6-8years 213(24.5%), and 9-12years 117(13.4%). Blunt trauma was most common type of injury 688(95.56%) and penetrating trauma was 31(4.43%). Most common mechanisms of injury were, vehicle related incidents 380(54.4%) and fall 238(34.0%). The majority of injuries 432(61.8%), were seen in head, neck and face region. Scald was most common type of burn and seen in 125(14.4%) patients. Conclusion:  This study clearly shows that pediatric injuries and burn contribute a substantial proportion of all pediatric surgical admissions. Pediatric trauma including burn is a significant burden on health care system. Vehicle related incidents, fall injuries and scald burns are most common type of injuries.

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